Lihat sumber Penutupan pemerintahan federal Amerika Serikat 2018–2019

{{Topik defisit dan utang A.S.|expanded=isu}}
[[penutupan pemerintahan di Amerika Serikat|Penutupan separuh pemerintahan Amerika Serikat]] ketiga tahun 2018–2019 dimulai pada pukul 00:00 [[Zona Waktu Timur|EST]] hari Sabtu, 22 Desember 2018, dan masih berlangsung. Penutupan ini disebabkan oleh konflik antara [[Kongres Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Donald Trump|Presiden Trump]] yang enggan menyetujui [[Rancangan undang-undang anggaran (Amerika Serikat)|alokasi anggaran]] [[anggaran federal Amerika Serikat 2019|tahun berjalan 2019]] atau [[resolusi lanjutan|anggaran darurat]] sementara. Penutupan terjadi karena Presiden meminta dana federal sebesar $5,7 miliar untuk membangun [[tembok Amerika Serikat–Meksiko#Pemerintahan Trump|tembok perbatasan A.S.–Meksiko]] dan Kongres menolaknya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Julie Hirschfeld Davis & Michael Tackett|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/us/politics/trump-congress-shutdown.html|title=Trump and Democrats Dig In After Talks to Reopen Government Go Nowhere|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 2, 2019|access-date=January 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103132317/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/us/politics/trump-congress-shutdown.html|archive-date=January 3, 2019|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Damian Paletta & Erica Werner|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trump-falsely-claims-mexico-is-paying-for-wall-demands-taxpayer-money-before-meeting-with-top-democrats/2019/01/02/408bf86e-0e97-11e9-8938-5898adc28fa2_story.html|title=Trump falsely claims Mexico is paying for wall, demands taxpayer money for wall in meeting with Democrats|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=January 2, 2019|access-date=January 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103222654/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trump-falsely-claims-mexico-is-paying-for-wall-demands-taxpayer-money-before-meeting-with-top-democrats/2019/01/02/408bf86e-0e97-11e9-8938-5898adc28fa2_story.html|archive-date=January 3, 2019|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/04/politics/shutdown-donald-trump-nancy-pelosi/index.html|title=Trump says he could keep shutdown going for months or years|last=Liptak|first=Kevin|date=January 4, 2019|website=CNN|accessdate=January 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104183234/https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/04/politics/shutdown-donald-trump-nancy-pelosi/index.html|archive-date=January 4, 2019|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Pada 14 Januari 2019 ([[Waktu Timur|EST]]), penutupan memasuki hari ke-24 dan menjadi penutupan pemerintahan terlama sepanjang [[sejarah Amerika Serikat]], mengalahkan [[penutupan pemerintahan federal Amerika Serikat 1995–1996|penutupan tahun 1995–96]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/01/09/us/politics/longest-government-shutdown.html |title=This Government Shutdown Is One of the Longest Ever |last=Gates |first=Guilbert |date=January 9, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 10, 2019}}</ref>

== Sejarah legislatif ==
{{Side box|style=width:28em|text='''Terdampak'''
{{unbulleted list|style=margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em
|[[Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat|Departemen Luar Negeri]]
|[[Departemen Keuangan Amerika Serikat|Departemen Keuangan]]
|[[Departemen Kehakiman Amerika Serikat|Departemen Kehakiman]]
|Sebagian besar [[Departemen Dalam Negeri Amerika Serikat|Departemen Dalam Negeri]]
|[[Departemen Pertanian Amerika Serikat|Departemen Pertanian]]
|[[Departemen Perdagangan Amerika Serikat|Departemen Perdagangan]]
|[[Departemen Perumahan dan Pengembangan Kota Amerika Serikat|Departemen Perumahan dan Pengembangan Kota]]
|[[Departemen Transportasi Amerika Serikat|Departemen Transportasi]]
|[[Departemen Keamanan Dalam Negeri Amerika Serikat|Departemen Keamanan Dalam Negeri]]
|{{Collapsible list
|titlestyle=font-weight: normal; background: transparent; text-align: left;
|title=Beberapa lembaga [[Departemen Kesehatan dan Layanan Masyarakat Amerika Serikat|Departemen Kesehatan dan Layanan Masyarakat]]
|''[[Food and Drug Administration]]''
|''[[Indian Health Service]]''
|''[[Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry]]''
|''[[Superfund Research Program]]''
}}
|[[Lembaga Eksekutif Presiden]]
|Sebagian besar [[Lembaga independen pemerintah Amerika Serikat|lembaga independen]]
|[[Kehakiman federal Amerika Serikat|Cabang Yudisial]]}}

'''Tidak terdampak'''
{{unbulleted list|style=margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em
|[[Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat|Departemen Pertahanan]]
|[[Departemen Tenaga Kerja Amerika Serikat|Departemen Tenaga Kerja]]
|Sebagian besar Departemen Kesehatan dan Layanan Masyarakat<ref>{{cite web |title=FY 2019 HHS Contingency Staffing Plan for Operations |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/budget/fy-2019-hhs-contingency-staffing-plan/index.html |website=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Assistant Secretary for Financial Resources |accessdate=December 22, 2018 |date=September 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222001146/https://www.hhs.gov/about/budget/fy-2019-hhs-contingency-staffing-plan/index.html |archive-date=December 22, 2018 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
|[[Departemen Energi Amerika Serikat|Departemen Energi]]
|[[Departemen Pendidikan Amerika Serikat|Departemen Pendidikan]]
|[[Departemen Veteran Amerika Serikat|Departemen Veteran]]
|{{Collapsible list
|titlestyle=font-weight: normal; background: transparent; text-align: left;
|title=Beberapa lembaga Departemen Dalam Negeri
|''[[Bureau of Reclamation]]''
|''[[Central Utah Project]]''
}}
|{{Collapsible list
|titlestyle=font-weight: normal; background: transparent; text-align: left;
|title=Beberapa lembaga independen
|[[Social Security Administration]]
|[[Nuclear Regulatory Commission]]
|[[Appalachian Regional Commission]]
|[[Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board]]
|[[Delta Regional Authority]]
|[[Denali Commission]]
|[[Northern Border Regional Commission]]
|[[Southeast Crescent Regional Commission]]
|[[Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board]]
|[[American Battle Monuments Commission]]
|[[U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims]]
|Cemeterial Expenses of the Army, termasuk [[Arlington National Cemetery]] dan [[Soldiers' and Airmen's Home National Cemetery]]
|[[Armed Forces Retirement Home]]
|[[Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System Fund]]
|[[Intelligence Community Management Account]]
|[[Committee for Purchase from People Who Are Blind or Severely Disabled]]
|[[Corporation for National and Community Service]]
|[[Corporation for Public Broadcasting]]
|[[Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (Amerika Serikat)|Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service]]
|[[Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission]]
|[[Institute of Museum and Library Services]]
|[[Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission]]
|[[Medicare Payment Advisory Commission]]
|[[National Council on Disability]]
|[[National Labor Relations Board]]
|[[National Mediation Board]]
|[[Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission]]
|[[Railroad Retirement Board]]
}}
|[[Pemerintah Distrik Columbia|Distrik Columbia]]<ref name=dc/> kecuali pengadilan<ref name=dc2/>
|[[Kongres Amerika Serikat|Cabang Legislatif]]}}|below=Sumber: {{USBill|115|HR|5895}} dan {{USBill|115|HR|6157}}}}

=== Latar belakang ===
Pada September 2018, Kongres mengesahkan dua RUU anggaran "minibus" untuk [[anggaran federal Amerika Serikat 2019|anggaran federal tahun berjalan 2019]] yang berlaku pada 1 Oktober 2018. RUU ini menyatukan 5 dari 12 RUU anggaran rutin yang mendanai 77% anggaran diskresi federal dan mencakup satu [[resolusi lanjutan]] (anggaran darurat) yang berlaku hingga 7 Desember untuk mendanai lembaga pemerintahan lainnya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thehill.com/policy/finance/408608-house-passes-854b-spending-bill-to-avert-shutdown|title=House passes $854B spending bill to avert shutdown |last=Conradis |first=Brandon |date=September 26, 2018|work=The Hill|access-date=September 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927010504/https://thehill.com/policy/finance/408608-house-passes-854b-spending-bill-to-avert-shutdown |archive-date=September 27, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Tanggal 6 Desember, Kongres mengesahkan resolusi lanjutan kedua yang berlaku sampai 21 Desember untuk memperpanjang masa pembahasan tembok perbatasan Trump. Pembahasan ini tertunda karena [[kematian dan pemakaman kenegaraan George H. W. Bush]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/06/pelosi-schumer-trump-wall-funding-1046443|title=Congress averts shutdown, postponing fight over Trump's wall|last=Bade|first=Rachael|last2=Everett|first2=Burgess|date=December 6, 2018|website=Politico|dead-url=no|access-date=December 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206230057/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/06/pelosi-schumer-trump-wall-funding-1046443|archive-date=December 6, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

=== Awal penutupan ===
[[Berkas:President Trump Meets with the Senate Minority Leader and the House Speaker-Designate.webm|jmpl|kiri|300px|start=15:32|Donald Trump bertemu Nancy Pelosi dan Chuck Schumer pada 11 Desember 2018. Ia berkata, "Saya akan bertanggung jawab. Saya yang akan menutup [pemerintahan]. Saya tidak akan menyalahkan Anda."]]
[[Berkas:Muir Beach Overlook (San Francisco), closed for govt shutdown December 2018.jpg|jmpl|[[Muir Beach]] Overlook (San Francisco) ditutup pada Desember 2018]]
Pada 11 Desember, Trump melakukan rapat terbuka dengan Ketua DPR terpilih [[Nancy Pelosi]] dan Ketua Minoritas Senat [[Chuck Schumer]]. Trump meminta mereka mendukung alokasi $5,7 miliar untuk pembangunan tembok perbatasan. Mereka menolak permintaan Trump dan saling berdebat. Trump kemudian mengatakan: "Saya berani menutup pemerintahan demi keamanan perbatasan&nbsp;... Saya yang akan menutup [pemerintahan]. Saya tidak akan menyalahkan Anda&nbsp;... Saya tanggung jawab. Saya sendiri yang bakal menutup pemerintahan." Schumer membalas, "Kita tidak perlu menutup pemerintahan atas alasan perselisihan ini."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/11/trump-border-wall-congress-budget-1055433|title=Trump says he's 'proud' to shut down government during fight with Pelosi and Schumer|author1=Burgess Everett|author2=Sarah Ferris|date=December 11, 2018|website=Politico|accessdate=December 23, 2018|author3=Caitlin Oprysko|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224073815/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/11/trump-border-wall-congress-budget-1055433|archive-date=December 24, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Tiga hari kemudian, ''[[Politico]]'' melaporkan bahwa Trump bersedia menyetujui RUU tanpa anggaran tembok perbatasan yang menunda penutupan pemerintahan hingga 2019 ketika Kongres baru dilantik.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/14/trump-border-wall-fight-delay-1064857|title=Trump considers delaying border wall fight until January|author1=Eliana Johnson|author2=Burgess Everett|date=December 14, 2018|website=Politico|accessdate=December 23, 2018|author3=Rachael Bade|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224074110/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/14/trump-border-wall-fight-delay-1064857|archive-date=December 24, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Tanggal 18 Desember, Ketua Mayoritas Senat [[Mitch McConnell]] bertemu Trump dan mengumumkan bahwa pemerintahan tidak akan ditutup pada 22 Desember dan Presiden "tidak menuntut" anggaran tembok perbatasan. Ketua [[Komite Anggaran Senat Amerika Serikat|Komite Anggaran Senat]] [[Richard Shelby]] berkomentar bahwa solusi paling memungkinkan adalah presiden menyetujui RUU yang mendanai pemerintahan sampai awal Februari. Schumer menambahkan bahwa partainya akan "benar-benar" mempertimbangkan RUU tersebut. Pengarah Mayoritas Senat [[John Cornyn]] mengatakan, "Tidak ada pejabat yang menghendaki penutupan pemerintahan. Saya rasa para penasihat presiden sudah memberitahu beliau bahwa penutupan pemerintahan itu tidak baik."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/18/white-house-indicates-it-wants-to-avoid-partial-government-shutdown-1067922|title=GOP talks Trump off the shutdown ledge|author1=Sarah Ferris|author2=Burgess Everett|date=December 18, 2018|website=Politico|accessdate=December 23, 2018|author3=Eliana Johnson|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222200546/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/18/white-house-indicates-it-wants-to-avoid-partial-government-shutdown-1067922|archive-date=December 22, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Keesokan harinya, Senat dengan suara bulat mengesahkan resolusi lanjutan kedua ({{USBill|115|HR|695}}) yang berlaku sampai 8 Februari 2019. Pelosi mengumumkan bahwa fraksi Demokrat di DPR akan mendukung RUU tersebut meskipun ditentang oleh fraksi Republik.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/white-house-signals-it-might-accept-a-short-term-spending-bill-to-avert-shutdown/2018/12/19/63148a02-0395-11e9-9122-82e98f91ee6f_story.html?utm_term=.09c060f24f70|title=Senate passes bill to keep government open until February, undercutting Trump's drive for border wall funding|author1=Erica Werner|author2=Paul Kane|date=December 19, 2018|website=Th Washington Post|accessdate=December 23, 2018|author3=Josh Dawsey|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224075508/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/white-house-signals-it-might-accept-a-short-term-spending-bill-to-avert-shutdown/2018/12/19/63148a02-0395-11e9-9122-82e98f91ee6f_story.html?utm_term=.09c060f24f70|archive-date=December 24, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Namun, pada tanggal 20 Desember, seiring banyaknya kritik dari media, komentator, dan tokoh politik konservatif,<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/20/conservative-media-trump-border-wall-1071391|title=Conservative media turns on Trump for going wobbly on the wall|author1=Jason Schwartz|date=December 20, 2018|website=Politico|accessdate=December 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224073946/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/20/conservative-media-trump-border-wall-1071391|archive-date=December 24, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/20/trump-budget-reversal-1071388|title=Pressure from base pushed a flustered Trump into shutdown reversal|author1=Eliana Johnson|author2=Burgess Everett|date=December 20, 2018|website=Politico|accessdate=December 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221174415/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/20/trump-budget-reversal-1071388|archive-date=December 21, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Trump mengubah sikapnya dan menyatakan bahwa ia tidak akan menyetujui RUU anggaran apapun yang tidak mencantumkan anggaran tembok perbatasan. DPR kemudian mengesahkan resolusi lanjutan yang mencantumkan $5 miliar untuk tembok dan $8 miliar untuk bantuan bencana.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://politi.co/2Ewlkt0|title=House and Senate on collision course as shutdown nears|last=Ferris|first=Sarah|last2=Bresnahan|first2=John|website=POLITICO|access-date=December 21, 2018}}</ref> Perundingan alot di Senat menyebabkan batalnya pengesahan resolusi lanjutan hari itu.<ref name=":2" /> Perubahan sikap Trump memicu kekhawatiran di kalangan fraksi Republik Senat. Ketika ditanyai soal langkah selanjutnya, Senator Tennessee [[Bob Corker]] tertawa: "Saya tidak tahu. Kalian bersenang-senanglah. Saya siap-siap berlibur ke [[Chattanooga, Tennessee|Chattanooga]]... Ada-ada saja."<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/20/cant-make-this-stuff-up-senate-gop-isnt-sweating-shutdown-1071687|title='Can't make this stuff up': Senate GOP isn't sweating shutdown|author1=Burgess Everett|date=December 20, 2018|website=Politico|accessdate=December 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221174431/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/20/cant-make-this-stuff-up-senate-gop-isnt-sweating-shutdown-1071687|archive-date=December 21, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Penutupan dimulai tanggal 22 Desember<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-leans-on-mcconnell-to-pass-spending-bill-with-border-funding-in-senate/2018/12/21/31bb453a-0517-11e9-b5df-5d3874f1ac36_story.html|title=Partial government shutdown assured after lawmakers leave Capitol without budget deal|last=Werner|first=Erica|last2=Paletta|first2=Damian|date=December 21, 2018|website=The Washington Post|dead-url=no|access-date=December 21, 2018|last3=Wagner|first3=John|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221164601/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-leans-on-mcconnell-to-pass-spending-bill-with-border-funding-in-senate/2018/12/21/31bb453a-0517-11e9-b5df-5d3874f1ac36_story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> dan Presiden Trump mengumumkan akan membatalkan rencana perjalanannya ke [[Mar-a-Lago]] untuk merayakan Natal dan akan tinggal di [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/21/trump-mar-a-lago-government-shutdown-2018-1073722|title=Trump to stay in Washington amid shutdown|author1=Andrew Restuccia|author2=Eliana Johnson|date=December 21, 2018|website=Politico|accessdate=December 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223012819/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/21/trump-mar-a-lago-government-shutdown-2018-1073722|archive-date=December 23, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Makna kata "tembok" diperkirakan menjadi topik perundingan selanjutnya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/26/us/politics/government-shutdown-wall.html|title=As Shutdown Continues, Resolution May Depend on Definition of ‘Wall’|last=Cochrane|first=Emily|date=December 26, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 27, 2018|last2=Medina|first2=Jennifer|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227045629/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/26/us/politics/government-shutdown-wall.html|archive-date=December 27, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

=== Upaya penyelesaian ===

==== Kongres ke-115 ====
Kongres reses pada tanggal 22 Desember dalam rangka [[musim Natal dan liburan]]. Banyak pihak memprediksi penutupan ini tidak akan selesai sampai [[Kongres Amerika Serikat ke-116|Kongres ke-116]] dilantik.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-46661612|title=US shutdown looks set to drag through Christmas|date=December 22, 2018|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=December 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224043905/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-46661612|archive-date=December 24, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Senat rapat lagi pada 27 Desember selama empat menit di bawah pimpinan Senator [[Pat Roberts]] (R-KS). DPR juga sempat mengadakan rapat singkat. Pengarah Mayoritas Republik [[Steve Scalise]] (R-LA) mengatakan bahwa tidak ada lagi pemungutan suara sampai akhir 2018. Anggota DPR [[Jim McGovern (politikus Amerika Serikat)|Jim McGovern]] (D-MA) mencoba meminta pertimbangan RUU anggaran jangka pendek yang sudah disahkan Senat, tetapi Ketua menolaknya.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/27/us/politics/government-shutdown-trump-democrats.html|title=With No Votes Scheduled, a Government Shutdown Will Greet the Democratic House|date=December 27, 2018|website=The New York Times|author1=Nicholas Fandos|author2=Catie Edmondson|accessdate=December 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228043013/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/27/us/politics/government-shutdown-trump-democrats.html|archive-date=December 28, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Kongres reses lagi sampai 31 Desember 2018 untuk mempersiapkan rapat pro forma.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-claims-without-evidence-that-most-of-the-people-not-getting-paid-in-partial-government-shutdown-are-democrats/2018/12/27/afbc992a-09cc-11e9-88e3-989a3e456820_story.html|title=Shutdown set to extend into new year after Congress punts on budget, border votes|last=Werner|first=Erica|last2=Kane|first2=Paul|date=December 27, 2018|website=The Washington Post|dead-url=no|access-date=December 27, 2018|last3=Sonmez|first3=Felicia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227183104/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-claims-without-evidence-that-most-of-the-people-not-getting-paid-in-partial-government-shutdown-are-democrats/2018/12/27/afbc992a-09cc-11e9-88e3-989a3e456820_story.html|archive-date=December 27, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Pada 2 Januari 2019, hari kerja terakhir [[Kongres Amerika Serikat ke-115]], ada rapat pro forma yang berlangsung selama beberapa menit.

==== Kongres ke-116 ====
[[Kongres Amerika Serikat ke-116|Kongres baru]] dilantik tanggal 3 Januari 2019. Kegiatan pertama di DPR usai pelantikan adalah pemungutan suara resolusi lanjutan anggaran Departemen Keamanan Dalam Negeri yang berlaku sampai 8 Februari ({{USBill|116|HJRes|1}}), disahkan dengan 239–192 suara; dan paket lima RUU anggaran untuk lembaga pemerintahan lainnya sampai akhir tahun berjalan ({{USBill|116|HR|21}}),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/live-news/new-congress-sworn-in-nancy-pelosi-house-speaker-today-2019-01-03-live-updates/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=January 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103194834/https://www.cbsnews.com/live-news/new-congress-sworn-in-nancy-pelosi-house-speaker-today-2019-01-03-live-updates/ |archive-date=January 3, 2019 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref> disahkan dengan 241–190 suara. RUU ini mencantumkan $1,3 miliar untuk keamanan perbatasan, tetapi tidak ada anggaran tambahan untuk tembok perbatasan. RUU ini tidak langsung dibahas di Senat;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/423758-house-passes-legislation-to-re-open-government-despite-trump-opposition|title=House passes legislation to re-open government despite opposition from Trump|last=Swanson|first=Ian|date=2019-01-03|website=TheHill|language=en|access-date=2019-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104102040/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/423758-house-passes-legislation-to-re-open-government-despite-trump-opposition|archive-date=January 4, 2019|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> McConnell mengatakan bahwa fraksi Republik Senat tidak akan mendukung RUU apapun yang tidak didukung Trump. Pernyataan McConnell mengakhiri spekulasi bahwa DPR dan Senat bisa membatalkan veto Trump untuk mengakhiri penutupan pemerintahan.<ref name=years>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-46763940|title=Trump ready for US shutdown to last 'for years'|date=January 4, 2019|website=BBC News|accessdate=January 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104174721/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-46763940|archive-date=January 4, 2019|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/04/mcconnell-government-shutdown-1080027|title=McConnell keeps his head down as government shutdown drags on|date=January 4, 2019|website=Politico|author1=John Bresnahan|author2=Burgess Everett|accessdate=January 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104130511/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/04/mcconnell-government-shutdown-1080027|archive-date=January 4, 2019|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Dua Senator Republik, [[Susan Collins]] dari Maine dan [[Cory Gardner]] dari Colorado, mendukung RUU anggaran DPR untuk mengakhiri penutupan pemerintahan.<ref name=years/>

Setelah Kongres baru dilantik dan Nancy Pelosi dipilih menjadi Ketua, ia dan Chuck Schumer menemui Presiden Trump.<ref name=years/> Pelosi dan Schumer sepakat bahwa penutupan harus berakhir dan melaporkan bahwa permintaan mereka ditolak Trump. Mereka mengatakan bahwa Trump mengancam akan "menutup pemerintahan selama mungkin. Berbulan-bulan, bahkan bertahun-tahun."<ref name=years/> Tanggal 4 Januari, Trump mengakui ancaman tersebut dan menambahkan: "Saya bangga dengan keputusan saya."<ref name=years/> Ia kemudian mengaku sedang mempertimbangkan penetapan [[National Emergencies Act|keadaan darurat]] agar anggaran militer bisa digunakan untuk membangun tembok.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/04/politics/shutdown-donald-trump-nancy-pelosi/index.html|title=Trump says he could keep shutdown going for months or years|last=|first=|date=January 4, 2019|website=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104183234/https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/04/politics/shutdown-donald-trump-nancy-pelosi/index.html|archive-date=January 4, 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=January 6, 2019|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/04/politics/trump-border-wall-national-emergency-declaration/index.html|title=Trump says he is considering using emergency powers to build wall|last=|first=|date=January 4, 2019|website=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105012715/https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/04/politics/trump-border-wall-national-emergency-declaration/index.html|archive-date=January 5, 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=January 6, 2019|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Pada 7 Januari, biro pers Gedung Putih mengumumkan bahwa Presiden Trump akan menyampaikan pidato umum tentang krisis di perbatasan Amerika Serikat-Meksiko dan peluang penetapan "keadaan darurat" untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Presiden menyampaikan pidato umum di Oval Office pukul 21:00 tanggal 8 Januari. Pada saat yang sama, fraksi Demokrat meminta jaringan televisi menyiarkan pidato tanggapan dari mereka.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump to visit border, make prime-time speech in PR blitz for border wall |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/shutdown-negotiations-reach-standstill-trump-continues-floating-national/story?id=60211952&cid=clicksource_interest_band |accessdate=8 January 2019 |work=ABC News |agency=A.B.C. News |date=7 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Major networks will carry Democratic response to Trump immigration speech |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/major-networks-will-carry-democratic-response-trump-immigration-speech-n956051 |accessdate=8 January 2019 |agency=NBC News |date=8 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

Mulai 9 Januari, DPR akan melakukan pemungutan suara untuk empat RUU anggaran secara terpisah: [[Departemen Keuangan Amerika Serikat|Keuangan]] (termasuk [[Internal Revenue Service]]) dan [[General Services Administration]]; [[Departemen Pertanian Amerika Serikat|Pertanian]] (termasuk [[Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program|kupon tunjangan]]) dan [[Food and Drug Administration]]; [[Departemen Dalam Negeri Amerika Serikat|Dalam Negeri]] dan [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]]; dan [[Departemen Transportasi Amerika Serikat|Transportasi]] dan [[Departemen Perumahan dan Pengembangan Kota Amerika Serikat|Perumahan dan Pengembangan Kota]] (termasuk beberapa program pegadaian federal). Strategi ini sama seperti strategi fraksi Republik saat [[Penutupan pemerintahan federal Amerika Serikat 2013|penutupan tahun 2013]] yang mengajukan [[Resolusi lanjutan mini Oktober 2013|14 resolusi lanjutan mini]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://politi.co/2FgneiH|title=House GOP leaders fear support eroding for Trump’s shutdown fight|last=Bresnahan|first=John|last2=Ferris|first2=Sarah|date=2019-01-07|website=Politico|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/424066-house-democrats-release-bills-to-end-shutdown|title=House Democrats release bills to end shutdown|last=Balluck|first=Kyle|date=2019-01-06|website=TheHill|language=en|access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref>

Fraksi Demokrat Senat menolak semua pemungutan suara RUU yang diajukan sebelum pemungutan suara pengakhiran penutupan pemerintahan.

== Dampak ==
Lembaga yang didanai oleh dua RUU minibus tidak terdampak oleh penutupan ini.<ref name=":2" /> Dampak awalnya dapat diredam karena awal penutupan bertepatan dengan libur bersama [[Natal]] selama empat hari. Pada hari kerja biasa, sekitar 400.000 dari 800.000 pegawai federal di lembaga-lembaga terdampak [[wajib cuti]] (total pegawai federal sipil non-pos berjumlah 2,1 juta orang).<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/what-would-happen-if-the-government-shut-down-late-paychecks-closed-museums-and-more/2018/12/21/79c982a2-053e-11e9-b6a9-0aa5c2fcc9e4_story.html|title=What will happen if the government shuts down: Late paychecks, closed museums and more|last=Berman|first=Mark|last2=Rein|first2=Lisa|date=December 21, 2018|website=The Washington Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221231411/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/what-would-happen-if-the-government-shut-down-late-paychecks-closed-museums-and-more/2018/12/21/79c982a2-053e-11e9-b6a9-0aa5c2fcc9e4_story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=December 21, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

=== Pegawai federal ===
[[Berkas:Sample-letters-for-creditors-and-mortgage-companies.pdf|jmpl|Contoh surat yang diterbitkan [[Office of Personnel Management]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/furlough-guidance/sample-letters-for-creditors-and-mortgage-companies.doc|title=Sample letters for creditors and mortgage companies|website=www.opm.gov|access-date=2019-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101095711/https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/furlough-guidance/sample-letters-for-creditors-and-mortgage-companies.doc|archive-date=January 1, 2019|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>]]
Setelah para pegawai federal dan keluarganya berbagi cerita tentang kesulitan ekonomi saat Natal, misalnya tidak bisa membayar sewa atau cicilan dan menunggak tagihan, tagar "#ShutdownStories" merebak di media sosial.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/yw793y/government-workers-are-sharing-their-shutdownstories-on-social-media-theyre-grim|title=Government workers are sharing their #shutdownstories on social media. They’re grim.|publisher=Vice News|author=Alex Lubben|date=December 27, 2018|accessdate=December 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228010751/https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/yw793y/government-workers-are-sharing-their-shutdownstories-on-social-media-theyre-grim|archive-date=December 28, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/federal-employees-affected-by-the-government-shutdown-are-using-the-twitter-hashtag-supernumbershutdownstories-to-share-their-hardships/ar-BBRoU8o|title=Federal employees affected by the government shutdown are using the Twitter hashtag #ShutdownStories to share their hardships|publisher=MSN Business Insider|author=Mariana Alfaro|date=December 25, 2018|accessdate=December 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230030135/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/federal-employees-affected-by-the-government-shutdown-are-using-the-twitter-hashtag-supernumbershutdownstories-to-share-their-hardships/ar-BBRoU8o|archive-date=December 30, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[United States Office of Personnel Management|Office of Personnel Management]] merespons dengan menerbitkan contoh surat yang bisa dikirimkan kepada kreditur. Salah satu surat berisi, "Saya pegawai federal yang baru saja diwajibkan cuti karena lembaga saya tidak didanai. Akibatnya, pendapatan saya berkurang jauh dan saya tidak bisa membayar cicilan rumah dan tagihan lainnya." OPM juga menyarankan agar para pegawai menyurati pemilik bangunannya, "Saya bersedia melunasi separuh sewa dengan melakukan perawatan bangunan (misalnya mengecat, memperbaiki pondasi)," dan para pegawai yang tidak mampu melunasi tagihan untuk meminta bantuan pengacara pribadi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/government-shutdown-when-trump-federal-employees-pay-work-landlord-rent-a8702081.html|title=Trump admin suggests federal employees paint landlords' properties during shutdown to afford rent|work=The Independent|author=Sarah Harvard|date=December 28, 2018|accessdate=December 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229000400/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/government-shutdown-when-trump-federal-employees-pay-work-landlord-rent-a8702081.html|archive-date=December 29, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/800-000-government-workers-may-need-financial-assistance-shutdown-continues-n952416|title=800,000 government workers may need financial assistance as shutdown continues|publisher=NBC News|author=Doha Madani|date=December 27, 2018|accessdate=December 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229050843/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/800-000-government-workers-may-need-financial-assistance-shutdown-continues-n952416|archive-date=December 29, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Sejumlah Senator dan Anggota DPR Demokrat bersedia menyumbangkan gajinya sepanjang penutupan pemerintahan. Senator [[Catherine Cortez Masto]] mengatakan akan menyumbangkan gajinya ke sebuah badan amal di Nevada,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/politics/dem-senator-vows-to-donate-salary-for-each-day-of-government-shutdown/ar-BBRilN5?li=BBnb7Kz|title=Dem senator vows to donate salary for each day of government shutdown|publisher=MSN|author=Morgan Gstalter|date=December 22, 2018|accessdate=January 4, 2019}}</ref> Senator [[Mazie Hirono]] akan menyumbangkan gajiinya ke lembaga penyalur bantuan makanan di [[Hawaii]],<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/senator-mazie-hirono-donates-salary-help-federal-employees-hawaii-amid-unfair-completely-unnecessary-government-shutdown-200847077.html|title=Sen. Mazie Hirono donates salary to help federal employees in Hawaii amid 'unfair, completely unnecessary' government shutdown|publisher=Yahoo!|author=Paulina Cachero|date=December 28, 2018|accessdate=December 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229045940/https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/senator-mazie-hirono-donates-salary-help-federal-employees-hawaii-amid-unfair-completely-unnecessary-government-shutdown-200847077.html|archive-date=December 29, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Senator [[Elizabeth Warren]] dari Massachusetts akan menyumbangkan gajinya ke organisasi pengungsi nirlaba [[HIAS]],<ref name="auto1"/> Anggota Kongres [[Max Rose (politikus)|Max Rose]] dari New York akan menyumbangkan gajinya ke badan amal,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/policy/finance/423352-incoming-dem-lawmaker-to-donate-pay-during-shutdown|title=Incoming Dem lawmaker to donate pay during shutdown|publisher=The Hill|author=Naomi Jagoda|date=December 31, 2018|accessdate=December 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101001247/https://thehill.com/policy/finance/423352-incoming-dem-lawmaker-to-donate-pay-during-shutdown|archive-date=January 1, 2019|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> dan Senator [[Heidi Heitkamp]] dari North Dakota akan menyumbangkan gajinya ke badan amal bersama  Senator [[John Hoeven]] dari Partai Republik.<ref name=donated>{{cite web|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/the-salary-mazie-hirono-earns-during-the-government-shutdown-will-be-donated-to-a-good-cause-15574462|title=The Salary Mazie Hirono Earns During The Government Shutdown Will Be Donated To A Good Cause|publisher=Bustle|author=Monica Hunter-Hart|date=December 30, 2018|accessdate=December 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229120157/https://www.bustle.com/p/the-salary-mazie-hirono-earns-during-the-government-shutdown-will-be-donated-to-a-good-cause-15574462|archive-date=December 29, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Namun, Senator Republik [[Kevin Cramer]] yang mengalahkan Heitkamp dalam pemilu Senat, enggan menyumbangkan gajinya karena dianggap "menarik perhatian".<ref name=donated/>

Tanggal 4 Januari, ''The Washington Post'' melaporkan bahwa karena penutupan ini dipicu oleh kegagalan pengesahan RUU anggaran yang membekukan gaji pemerintah federal, ratusan pejabat politik senior akan menerima kenaikan gaji sebesar $10.000 keesokan harinya. Juru bicara Gedung Putih Sarah Sanders mengatakan bahwa rencana kenaikan gaji ini "adalah efek samping penutupan yang tidak perlu ada. Pemerintah menyadari masalah ini dan kami masih mencari jalan untuk mencegah [kenaikan gaji] ini ketika para pegawai federal masih wajib cuti. Kongres dapat menyelesaikannya dengan mendanai pemerintahan dan mengamankan perbatasan negeri ini.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/01/04/while-federal-workers-go-without-pay-senior-trump-administration-officials-are-poised-get-raises/|title=While federal workers go without pay, senior Trump administration officials are poised to get $10,000 raises|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105021828/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/01/04/while-federal-workers-go-without-pay-senior-trump-administration-officials-are-poised-get-raises/|archive-date=January 5, 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=January 5, 2019|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

=== Taman nasional dan museum ibu kota ===
[[Berkas:I didn't get to go to Fort Point (31538293877).jpg|jmpl|[[Fort Point, San Francisco]] ditutup]]
[[Berkas:A sorry state of affairs (32717426758).jpg|jmpl|[[Occoquan Bay National Wildlife Refuge]] ditutup tanggal 3 Januari 2019]]
Seiring penutupan pemerintahan Januari 2018, semua taman nasional tetap buka, tetapi tanpa staf dan semua bangunan dikunci. Dampak penutupan terhadap taman nasional berbeda-beda. Sejumlah taman masih bisa dikunjungi dengan pengawasan staf yang minim, sedangkan operasi taman lainnya didanai oleh pemerintah negara bagian atau badan amal, dan sisanya ditutup. Diane Regas, presiden dan kepala eksekutif Trust for Public Land, meminta Presiden Trump menutup semua taman nasional untuk melindungi masyarakat; pada pekan ketiga penutupan pemerintahan, tiga orang tewas di dalam taman nasional.<ref name="Fears">{{Cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/energy-environment/2019/01/04/three-dead-national-parks-shutdown-wears/ |title=Darryl Fears (4 January 2019) Three dead in national parks as shutdown wears on |access-date=January 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105075755/https://www.washingtonpost.com/energy-environment/2019/01/04/three-dead-national-parks-shutdown-wears/ |archive-date=January 5, 2019 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Pada 1 Januari 2019, masalah tumpukan sampah, toilet umum meluber, dan akses bantuan P3K terjadi di hampir semua taman nasional.<ref name="abcnews">{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/overflowing-trash-toilets-safety-concerns-national-parks-face/story?id=60105575|title=National parks face overflowing trash, toilets in second week of shutdown|date=January 2, 2019|publisher=ABC News|accessdate=January 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102133609/https://abcnews.go.com/US/overflowing-trash-toilets-safety-concerns-national-parks-face/story?id=60105575|archive-date=January 2, 2019|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Di [[Taman Nasional Yosemite]], seorang korban tewas akibat jatuh baru dilaporkan satu pekan kemudian pada tanggal 4 Januari 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/national-park-death-government-shutdown_us_5c2fb9abe4b073352832b05b|title=Death At National Park Unreported For Week Amid Government Shutdown: Report|last=Blumberg|first=Antonia|date=January 4, 2019|publisher=|via=Huff Post|accessdate=January 6, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/overflowing-garbage-feces-on-roads-prompt-yosemite-national-park-officials-to-close-some-campgrounds|title=Overflowing garbage, feces on roads prompt Yosemite National Park officials to close some campgrounds|last=Joyce|first=Kathleen|date=January 1, 2019|publisher=Fox News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102135510/https://www.foxnews.com/us/overflowing-garbage-feces-on-roads-prompt-yosemite-national-park-officials-to-close-some-campgrounds|archive-date=January 2, 2019|dead-url=no|accessdate=January 3, 2019|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="abcnews" /> 

Pemerintah negara bagian New York tetap membuka [[Patung Liberty]] dan [[Pulau Ellis]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/planyourvisit/hours.htm|title=Operating Hours & Seasons - Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=January 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101075946/https://www.nps.gov/stli/planyourvisit/hours.htm|archive-date=January 1, 2019|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> seperti penutupan sebelumnya (Januari 2018).<ref>{{cite web |last=Walker |first=Ameena |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2018/1/22/16917980/government-shutdown-2018-statue-of-liberty-open |title=Amy Plitt (22 January 2018) Statue of Liberty will remain open during government shutdown |publisher=Ny.curbed.com |date=January 22, 2018 |accessdate=January 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101051343/https://ny.curbed.com/2018/1/22/16917980/government-shutdown-2018-statue-of-liberty-open |archive-date=January 1, 2019 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Arizona dan Utah tetap membuka [[Taman Nasional Grand Canyon]], [[Taman Nasional Zion]], [[Taman Nasional Arches]], dan [[Taman Nasional Bryce Canyon]] dan mampu mendanai layanan toilet umum, bus, dan truk sampah. Pemerintah Utah juga mendanai operasi pusat informasi. Kawasan lindung yang ditutup di Amerika Serikat barat daya meliputi [[Monumen Nasional Bandelier]] dan [[Cagar Nasional Valles Caldera]] di New Mexico utara, [[Monumen Nasional White Sands]] di New Mexico selatan, [[Taman Nasional Petrified Forest]] di Arizona utara, dan [[Monumen Nasional Casa Grande Ruins]] di Arizona tengah selatan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/shutdown-national-christmas-tree_us_5c220d03e4b0407e907e0dd4|title=Shutdown Takes The Twinkle Out Of National Christmas Tree|agency=Associated Press|date=December 25, 2018|work=Huff Post|access-date=December 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225130626/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/shutdown-national-christmas-tree_us_5c220d03e4b0407e907e0dd4|archive-date=December 25, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Akses masuk di sebagian besar Sequoia dan Kings Canyon ditutup.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=January 1, 2019 |title=Federal shutdown closes major portions of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks}}</ref> Kebijakan membuka [[Taman Nasional Joshua Tree]] tanpa staf menyebabkan kerusakan di kawasan taman nasional.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/shutdown-nightmare-park-bathrooms-overflowing-human-waste-vandals-causing-damage-n953406|title=Shutdown nightmare: Park bathrooms overflowing with human waste, vandals causing damage, fighting over campsites|publisher=NBC News|accessdate=January 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102064739/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/shutdown-nightmare-park-bathrooms-overflowing-human-waste-vandals-causing-damage-n953406|archive-date=January 2, 2019|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Di Texas, [[Taman Nasional Big Bend]] menutup semua pelayanan pengunjung, termasuk toilet. Sejumlah jalur setapak ditutup. Peraturan tetap ditegakkan karena taman tetap dibuka. Pengunjung diminta membawa sendiri sampah dan tisu toiletnya.<ref>[https://www.nps.gov/bibe/planyourvisit/government-shutdown.htm Government Shutdown] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101220745/https://www.nps.gov/bibe/planyourvisit/government-shutdown.htm |date=January 1, 2019 }}, Big Bend National Park</ref><ref name="abcnews" /> [[Alamo Mission in San Antonio|The Alamo]] tetap buka, tetapi pelayanan pengunjung ditutup di seluruh kawasan [[Taman Sejarah Nasional San Antonio Missions]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/saan/index.htm|title=San Antonio Missions National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=January 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126171048/https://www.nps.gov/saan/index.htm|archive-date=November 26, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

[[National Archives and Records Administration]] langsung ditutup tanggal 22 Desember 2018.<ref name="wapogog">{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/the-smithsonian-and-the-national-gallery-held-on-as-long-as-they-could-theyre-closed/2019/01/01/ff06f66e-0d3d-11e9-84fc-d58c33d6c8c7_story.html|title=The Smithsonian and the National Gallery held on as long as they could. They’re closing.|work=The Washington Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102160856/https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/the-smithsonian-and-the-national-gallery-held-on-as-long-as-they-could-theyre-closed/2019/01/01/ff06f66e-0d3d-11e9-84fc-d58c33d6c8c7_story.html|archive-date=January 2, 2019|dead-url=no|accessdate=January 3, 2019|df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Library of Congress]], [[U.S. Botanic Garden]], [[United States Capitol Visitor Center|Capitol Visitor Center]], dan [[U.S. Capitol Building]] tetap buka karena didanai oleh RUU Anggaran Cabang Legislatif 2019.<ref name="wapogog" /> [[Smithsonian Institution]] beroperasi menggunakan "anggaran tahun sebelumnya" sampai 1 Januari 2019. Tanggal 2 Januari 2019, Smithsonian Institution mulai menutup semua fasilitasnya, termasuk 19 museum di Washington, D.C., dan New York City, [[National Zoological Park (United States)|National Zoo]], dan [[Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/smithsonian-museums-and-national-zoo-close-180971127/|title=Smithsonian Museums and the National Zoo Close for the U.S. Government Shutdown|last=Py-Lieberman|first=Beth|website=Smithsonian|accessdate=January 3, 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Keesokan harinya, [[National Gallery of Art]] ditutup.<ref>Andrew Russeth, [http://www.artnews.com/2019/01/03/national-gallery-art-latest-victim-u-s-government-shutdown-closes-public/ National Gallery of Art Closes to the Public, Latest Victim of U.S. Government Shutdown] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103210632/http://www.artnews.com/2019/01/03/national-gallery-art-latest-victim-u-s-government-shutdown-closes-public/|date=January 3, 2019}}, ''ARTnews'' (January 3, 2019).</ref> Kunjungan wisatawan ke [[National Mall]] juga terdampak oleh penutupan ini.<ref name="3Jan2019NationalMall">{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/god-people-national-mall-scene-symbol-shutdowns-impact/story?id=60118435|title='Oh my God, there's no people': National Mall scene a symbol of shutdown's impact|last=Haslett|first=Cheyenne|date=January 3, 2019|publisher=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103131337/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/god-people-national-mall-scene-symbol-shutdowns-impact/story?id=60118435|archive-date=January 3, 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=January 3, 2019|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

=== Lembaga lain ===
[[Berkas:NTSB shut down Screen Shot 2018-12-26 at 10.24.59 AM (45560010335).png|jmpl|Pemberitahuan penutupan situs [[NTSB]]]]
[[Berkas:PUBLIC NOTICE from FCC during 2019 shutdown DA-19-10A1.pdf|jmpl|ka|Pengumuman FCC tertanggal 2 Januari 2019 tentang dampak penutupan terhadap aktivitas FCC]]
Selama penutupan berlangsung, sistem [[e-Verify]] dinonaktifkan. Sistem ini digunakan oleh perusahaan untuk memeriksa kelayakan kerja karyawannya di Amerika Serikat.<ref>Scott Wong, [https://thehill.com/homenews/house/423613-shutdown-halts-e-verify-checks-on-capitol-hill Shutdown halts E-Verify checks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103131227/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/423613-shutdown-halts-e-verify-checks-on-capitol-hill |date=January 3, 2019 }}, ''The Hill'' (January 2, 2019).</ref><ref>Robert Y. Maples, [https://www.natlawreview.com/article/e-verify-and-government-shutdown E-Verify and the Government Shutdown] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103220523/https://www.natlawreview.com/article/e-verify-and-government-shutdown |date=January 3, 2019 }}, ''National Law Review'' (January 3, 2019).</ref>

Aktivitas eksekutif dan legislatif [[Pemerintah Distrik Columbia|pemerintah daerah]] Distrik Columbia tetap berjalan sepanjang penutupan karena didanai oleh [[Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017]].<ref name=dc>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rollcall.com/news/policy/d-c-stays-open-time-around-even-federal-government-shuts|title=D.C. Stays Open This Time Around — Even If Federal Government Shuts Down|last=Connolly|first=Griffin|date=January 19, 2018|work=Roll Call|access-date=January 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119221754/https://www.rollcall.com/news/policy/d-c-stays-open-time-around-even-federal-government-shuts|archive-date=January 19, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Namun, sistem pengadilan daerah Distrik Columbia, termasuk [[Mahkamah Agung Distrik Columbia]] dan [[Pengadilan Banding Distrik Columbia]], adalah bagian dari kehakiman federal sehingga ikut ditutup separuhnya. Penduduk DC tidak bisa memanfaatkan layanan publik seperti mencetak buku nikah.<ref name=dc2>{{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/zoetillman/marriage-license-dc-government-shutdown-weddings|title=This Couple Was Turned Away From Getting Their Marriage License In DC During The Government Shutdown|website=BuzzFeed News|accessdate=January 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102234609/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/zoetillman/marriage-license-dc-government-shutdown-weddings|archive-date=January 2, 2019|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Pemerintah Distrik Columbia mengambil alih operasi truk sampah dan pengeruk salju untuk fasilitas-fasilitas National Park Service di Washington.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wtop.com/dc/2018/12/dc-to-remain-open-during-government-shutdown/|title=DC to remain open during government shutdown|date=December 23, 2018|publisher=WTOP|access-date=December 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225130025/https://wtop.com/dc/2018/12/dc-to-remain-open-during-government-shutdown/|archive-date=December 25, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> National Zoological Park ditutup tanggal 3 Januari 2019.<ref name=3Jan2019NationalMall />

Penutupan ini membuat [[National Transportation Safety Board]] tidak bisa membantu penyelidikan pemerintah Meksiko terhadap [[kecelakaan helikopter Puebla 2018]] yang menewawskan seorang gubernur dan senator.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.animalpolitico.com/2018/12/mexico-solicita-apoyo-internacional-desplome-martha-erika-alonso/|work=Animal Político|title=Ante negativa de EU, México busca a Canadá y Europa para investigar accidente de Martha Erika|date=December 25, 2018|accessdate=December 26, 2018|trans-title=After being turned down by the US, Mexico looks to Canada and Europe to investigate Martha Erika accident|archive-date=2019-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104104512/https://www.animalpolitico.com/2018/12/mexico-solicita-apoyo-internacional-desplome-martha-erika-alonso/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Penutupan ini juga menghambat respons Amerika Serikat terhadap [[tsunami Selat Sunda 2018]] karena akun Twitter [[Kedutaan Besar Amerika Serikat, Jakarta|Kedubes A.S. di Jakarta]] tidak bisa menyampaikan berita terkini, dan [[United States Geological Survey]] tidak bisa menyediakan data tsunami.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2018/12/26/ways-us-government-shutdown-affects-rest-world/|title=3 ways a U.S. government shutdown affects the rest of the world|last=Taylor|first=Adam|date=December 26, 2018|website=The Washington Post|dead-url=no|access-date=December 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226202522/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2018/12/26/ways-us-government-shutdown-affects-rest-world/|archive-date=December 26, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Model cuaca Amerika Serikat, [[Global Forecast System]], mengalami penurunan kualitas prakiraan cuaca yang parah. Perubahan format data saat penutupan pemerintahan tidak memungkinkan data cuaca tertentu diidentifikasi oleh GFS; perbaikan galat (''bug'') tersebut tertunda akibat penutupan ini.<!-- https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2019/01/07/national-weather-service-is-open-your-forecast-is-worse-because-shutdown/?utm_term=.c5b480326151  -->

Pada 3 Januari 2019, [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]] menghentikan semua aktivitas dan Ketua FCC [[Ajit Pai]] membatalkan kunjungannya ke [[Consumer Electronics Show]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.slashdot.org/story/18/12/31/2113223/fcc-to-suspend-most-operations-thursday-if-the-partial-government-shutdown-continues?sbsrc=md|title=FCC To Suspend Most Operations Thursday if the Partial Government Shutdown Continues - Slashdot|website=news.slashdot.org|accessdate=January 3, 2019}}</ref> FTC juga menghentikan beberapa aktivitas daring.<ref>Federal Trade Commission Website  https://web.archive.org/web/20190102041616/https://www.ftccomplaintassistant.gov/ Archived version of page version retried  as of January 1, 2018 22:17 CST.</ref> Situs [[Energy Star]] milik EPA dan Departemen Energi tidak bisa dibuka sepanjang penutupan pemerintahan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101024254/https://www.energystar.gov/|title=ENERGY STAR {{!}} The simple choice for energy efficiency.|archive-date=January 1, 2019|publisher=Energy Star|access-date=January 3, 2019}}</ref>

Selama penutupan berlangsung, 95% pegawai federal [[Departemen Pertanian Amerika Serikat|USDA]] Food and Nutrition Services dipaksa cuti.<ref name="RefundStamps">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/millions-face-delayed-tax-refunds-cuts-to-food-aid-as-white-house-scrambles-to-deal-with-shutdown/2019/01/04/b5b58616-0fa3-11e9-8938-5898adc28fa2_story.html|newspaper=Washington Post|date=January 4, 2019|author=Damian Paletta & Erica Werner|title=Millions face delayed tax refunds, cuts to food stamps as White House scrambles to deal with shutdown's consequences}}</ref> [[Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program]] (SNAP), program kupon tunjangan nutrisi, masih bisa didanai oleh dana darurat $3 miliar yang dianggarkan oleh Kongres tahun 2018. Namun, apabila penutupan berlangsung hingga Maret 2019, dana darurat akan habis sehingga tunjangan nutrisi tidak bisa didanai lagi; [[keamanan pangan]] 38 juta orang di Amerika Serikat terancam.<ref name="RefundStamps"/><ref name="Segers">{{Cite web|author=Grace Segers|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/government-shutdown-affect-snap-food-stamps-wic-millions-could-face-severe-cuts-in-2019-funding-usda/|title=Millions could face severe cuts to food stamps due to government shutdown|publisher=CBS News}}</ref> Berlarutnya penutupan pemerintahan juga akan menunda transfer potongan pajak sebesar $140 miliar dari [[Internal Revenue Service]].<ref name="RefundStamps"/>

=== Kehakiman Federal ===
[[Kehakiman federal Amerika Serikat]] akan tetap beraktivitas sampai 18 Januari 2019.<ref name=judiciary >[https://www.uscourts.gov/news/2019/01/07/judiciary-operating-limited-funds-during-shutdown (January 7, 2019) Judiciary Operating on Limited Funds During Shutdown]</ref> Karena tidak ada dana, aktivitasnya didanai oleh [[Anti-Deficiency Act]].<ref name=judiciary />

== Referensi ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Penutupan pemerintahan A.S.}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Penutupan pemerintahan federal Amerika Serikat 2018-2019}}
[[Kategori:Kongres Amerika Serikat ke-115]]
[[Kategori:Kongres Amerika Serikat ke-116]]
[[Kategori:2018 dalam politik Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Keuangan pemerintah di Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Penutupan pemerintahan di Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Peristiwa bulan Desember 2018 di Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Kepresidenan Donald Trump]]