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[[File:Codes Vaticanus 354.JPG|thumb|right|200px|'''[[Codex Vaticanus 354]]''' S (028), sebuah codex uncial dengan jenis Teks Bizantin, digolongkan ke dalam ''Family K<sup>1</sup>'']]
[[Berkas:Codes Vaticanus 354.JPG|jmpl|ka|200px|'''[[Codex Vaticanus 354]]''' S (028), sebuah codex uncial dengan jenis Teks Bizantin, digolongkan ke dalam ''Family K<sup>1</sup>'']]
'''Teks Bizantin''' atau '''Teks Mayoritas''' ({{lang-en|Byzantine text-type}} atau ''Majority Text'', ''Traditional Text'', ''Ecclesiastical Text'', ''Constantinopolitan Text'', ''Antiocheian Text'', ''Syrian Text'') adalah salah satu jenis teks yang digunakan dalam kritisisme tekstual (''textual criticism'') untuk menggolongkan karakter tekstual naskah-naskah [[Alkitab]] bagian [[Perjanjian Baru]] dalam [[bahasa Yunani Koine]]. Jenis ini yang paling banyak ditemukan dan ada sampai sekarang meskipun di antaranya tidak ada yang termasuk tertua. Perjanjian Baru dari [[Gereja Ortodoks Timur]] (''Eastern Orthodox Church'' atau ''Greek Orthodox Church''), "Constantinople Patriarchate" edisi tahun 1904, berdasarkan jenis teks ini. Meskipun terdapat sejumlah besar variasi, teks ini mendasari teks Yunani [[Textus Receptus]] yang digunakan untuk membuat terjemahan Perjanjian Baru ke dalam berbagai bahasa daerah dalam era [[Reformasi Protestan]], termasuk [[Alkitab Versi Raja James]]. Terjemahan-terjemahan baru yang ada sekarang umumnya menggunakan edisi "Eclectic" yang lebih mengacu kepada jenis teks Alexandria.
'''Teks Bizantin''' atau '''Teks Mayoritas''' ({{lang-en|Byzantine text-type}} atau ''Majority Text'', ''Traditional Text'', ''Ecclesiastical Text'', ''Constantinopolitan Text'', ''Antiocheian Text'', ''Syrian Text'') adalah salah satu jenis teks yang digunakan dalam [[kritik teks (Alkitab)|kritisisme tekstual (''textual criticism'')]] untuk menggolongkan karakter tekstual naskah-naskah [[Alkitab]] bagian [[Perjanjian Baru]] dalam [[bahasa Yunani Koine]]. Jenis ini yang paling banyak ditemukan dan ada sampai sekarang meskipun di antaranya tidak ada yang termasuk tertua. Perjanjian Baru dari [[Gereja Ortodoks Timur]] (''Eastern Orthodox Church'' atau ''Greek Orthodox Church''), "Constantinople Patriarchate" edisi tahun 1904, berdasarkan jenis teks ini. Meskipun terdapat sejumlah besar variasi, teks ini mendasari teks Yunani [[Textus Receptus]] yang digunakan untuk membuat terjemahan Perjanjian Baru ke dalam berbagai bahasa daerah dalam era [[Reformasi Protestan]], termasuk [[Alkitab Versi Raja James]] (meskipun terjemahan-terjemahan baru yang ada sekarang umumnya menggunakan edisi "Eclectic" yang lebih mengacu kepada jenis [[teks Alexandria]]).


Teks Bizantin juga dipakai dalam sejumlah edisi modern Gereja Ortodoks Timur, dan tradisi penggunaannya di gereja-gereja tersebut berlanjut sampai sekarang. Teks yang digunakan di Gereja Ortodoks Yunani juga didukukng oleh sejumlah naskah bergaya "minuscule" yang berasal dari tahun-tahun kemudian. Umumnya ini dianggap sebagai teks Bizantin standar.
Teks Bizantin juga dipakai dalam sejumlah edisi modern Gereja Ortodoks Timur, dan tradisi penggunaannya di gereja-gereja tersebut berlanjut sampai sekarang. Teks yang digunakan di Gereja Ortodoks Yunani juga didukukng oleh sejumlah naskah bergaya "minuscule" yang berasal dari tahun-tahun kemudian. Umumnya ini dianggap sebagai teks Bizantin standar.
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== Naskah Teks Bizantin ==
== Naskah Teks Bizantin ==
[[File:Codex alexandrinus.jpg|thumb|right|200px|'''Codex Alexandrinus''', naskah Yunani tertua jenis Teks Bizantin dalam Injil, dekat dengan ''Family Π'' ({{Alkitab|Lukas 12:54-13:4}})]]
[[Berkas:Codex alexandrinus.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|'''Codex Alexandrinus''', naskah Yunani tertua jenis Teks Bizantin dalam Injil, dekat dengan ''Family Π'' ({{Alkitab|Lukas 12:54-13:4}})]]

<!--
Selama beberapa waktu setelah abad ke-4, terdapat beberapa jenis teks di Timur, tetapi pada akhirnya Teks Bizantin "hampir sepenuhnya menggantikan yang lain."<ref>Brooke Foss Westcott, Fenton John Anthony Hort. ''[[The New Testament in the Original Greek]]'', 1925. p. 552</ref> Naskah berjenis teks Bizantin dalam jumlahnya jauh melebihi naskah-naskah kuno lain yang masih ada, sekitar 95% seluruh naskah kuno, dan banyak yang disalin ulang dalam jenis tulisan "'''minuscule'''" (menggunakan huruf-huruf kecil) dengan gaya "politonik", yang diciptakan pada abad ke-3 SM oleh Aristophanes dari Byzantium tetapi memakan waktu beberapa abad sebelum populer di luar lingkungan akademik. Misalnya dari 522 naskah yang lengkap atau hampir lengkap berisi [[Surat-surat Am]] yang dikumpulkan oleh [[Institute for New Testament Textual Research]] di [[Münster]], [[Jerman]], 372 di antaranya menunjukkan bacaan Bizantin dalam 90% dari 98 poin tes. Dari naskah tertua yang ditemukan, kedudukan ini terbalik. Ada 6 naskah yang bertarikh lebih tua dari abad ke-9 yang selaras dengan jenis Teks Bizantin; di antaranya [[Codex Alexandrinus]], yang tertua yaitu dari abad ke-5, hanya bercorak Bizantin pada bagian Injil, sedangkan sisa bagian [[Perjanjian Baru]] dalam corak Alexandria. Sebaliknya, [[Teks Alexandria]] ditunjukkan oleh 9 naskah "uncial" yang lebih tua dari abad ke-9 (termasuk Codex Alexandrinus, di luar bagian Injil); dan biasanya dianggap terwakili oleh tiga naskah papirus sebelumnya. Edisi kritis modern Perjanjian Baru cenderung mencocokkan diri dengan Teks Alexandria — khususnya [[Codex Sinaiticus]] dan [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|Codex Vaticanus]].
For some time following the fourth century different types of text were current in the East, but at the end the Byzantine text "almost wholly displaced the rest."<ref>Brooke Foss Westcott, Fenton John Anthony Hort. ''[[The New Testament in the Original Greek]]'', 1925. p. 552</ref> The Byzantine text-type has by far the largest number of surviving manuscripts, many of them written in the newer [[Lower case|minuscule]] (lower case) style and in [[Polytonic orthography]] handwriting, which had been invented in the 3rd century BC by [[Aristophanes of Byzantium]] but which took many centuries to catch on outside scholarly circles. For example, of 522 complete or nearly complete manuscripts of the [[General epistles|General Epistles]] collated by the [[Institute for New Testament Textual Research]] in [[Münster]], [[Germany]], 372 of them attest the Byzantine reading in at least 90% of 98 test places. Amongst the earliest surviving manuscripts, the position is reversed. There are six manuscripts earlier than the 9th century which conform to the Byzantine text-type; of which the 5th century [[Codex Alexandrinus]], (the oldest), is Byzantine only in the Gospels with the rest of the New Testament being Alexandrian. By comparison, the [[Alexandrian text-type]] is witnessed by nine surviving [[uncials]] earlier than the ninth century (including the Codex Alexandrinus outside the Gospels); and is also usually considered to be demonstrated in three earlier [[papyrus|papyri]]. Modern critical editions of the New Testament tend to conform most often to Alexandrian witnesses — especially [[Codex Sinaiticus]] and [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|Codex Vaticanus]]. The earliest [[Church Fathers|Church Father]] to witness to a Byzantine text-type in substantial New Testament quotations is [[John Chrysostom]] (c. 349 — 407); although the fragmentary surviving works of [[Asterius the Sophist]] († 341) have also been considered to conform to the Byzantine text.<ref>Gordon D. Fee, "The Use of Greek Patristic Citations in New Testament Textual Criticism: The State of the Question," pp. 344-359 in ''Studies in the Theory and Method of New Testament Textual Criticism'' (ed. Eldon J. Epp and Gordon D. Fee; Studies & Documents 45; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1993), 358.</ref> Chrysostom and Asterius used text only in 75% agreed with the standard Byzantine text. The earliest translation to witness to a Greek base conforming generally to the Byzantine text in the Gospels is the Syriac [[Peshitta]] (though it has many Alexandrian and Western readings); usually dated to the 4th century; although in respect of several much contested readings, such as Mark 1:2 and John 1:18, the Peshitta rather supports the Alexandrian witnesses.

[[Bapa gereja]] paling awal yang menggunakan jenis Teks Bizantin dalam kutipannya adalah [[Yohanes Krisostomus]] (349 — 407 M); meskipun karya yang terlestarikan dari [[:En:Asterius the Sophist|Asterius the Sophist]] († 341) juga terbukti selaras dengan Teks Bizantin.<ref>Gordon D. Fee, "The Use of Greek Patristic Citations in New Testament Textual Criticism: The State of the Question," pp. 344-359 in ''Studies in the Theory and Method of New Testament Textual Criticism'' (ed. Eldon J. Epp and Gordon D. Fee; Studies & Documents 45; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1993), 358.</ref> Krisostomus dan Asterius menggunakan teks yang hanya 75% sesuai dengan teks Bizantin standar. Terjemahan tertua yang memberi kesaksian adanya naskah Yunani yang sesuai dengan Teks Bizantin adalah Injil dalam bahasa Suryani, [[Pesyita]], meskipun juga mengandung bacaan jenis [[Teks Alexandria]] dan [[Teks Western]]; biasanya diberi tarikh abad ke-4; meskipun untuk sejumlah bacaan yang diperdebatkan, misalnya [[Markus 1:2]] dan [[Yohanes 1:18]], Pesyita agak mendukung Teks Alexandria.

Bentuk Teks Bizantin yang ditemukan dalam saksi-saksi paling awal bukanlah monolitik penuh, dan kadang kala berbeda dari suatu sub-grup Bizantin yang meluas setelah abad ke-11. Di antara kumpulan naskah-naskah yang muncul kemudian, umumnya dapat dilihat jelas mayoritas bacaan Bizantin dalam tiap varian; dan naskah Perjanjian Baru Yunani berdasarkan bacaan mayoritas ini — "[[Teks Mayoritas]]" — telah diterbitkan oleh [[:En:Zane C. Hodges|Zane C. Hodges]] dan Arthur L. Farstad, meskipun teks ini tidak sesuai dengan satu jenis naskah manapun.


The form of the Byzantine text found in the earliest witnesses is not a monolithic whole, and sometimes differs from a Byzantine sub-group of manuscripts that proliferated after the 11th century. Amongst the bulk of later manuscripts however, it is generally possible to demonstrate a clear Byzantine majority reading for each variant; and a Greek New Testament text based on these majority readings — "The Majority Text" — has been produced by [[Zane C. Hodges]] and Arthur L. Farstad, although this text does not correspond to any one particular manuscript.
-->
=== Naskah Bizantin terkenal ===
=== Naskah Bizantin terkenal ===
[[File:Codex Boreelianus F+ (09), Mk 1.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Codex Boreelianus, naskah jenis teks Bizantin, anggota dari Family E]]
[[Berkas:Codex Boreelianus F+ (09), Mk 1.JPG|jmpl|ka|200px|Codex Boreelianus, naskah jenis teks Bizantin, anggota dari Family E]]
{|"wikitable"
{|"wikitable"
|style="background:#DAE" align="center"|'''Tanda'''
|style="background:#DAE" align="center"|'''Tanda'''
Baris 23: Baris 25:
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| A (02)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| A (02)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Alexandrinus]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Alexandrinus]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 5th
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Abad ke-5]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Gospels
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Injil]]
|-
|-
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| C (04)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| C (04)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 5th
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Abad ke-5]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Gospels
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Injil]]
|-
|-
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| W (032)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| W (032)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Washingtonianus]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Washingtonianus]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 5th
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Abad ke-5]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Matt 1-28; Luke 8:13–24:53
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Matius 1]][[Matius 28|-28]]; {{Alkitab|Lukas 8:13–24:53}}
|-
|-
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Q (026)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Q (026)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Guelferbytanus B]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Guelferbytanus B]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 5th
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Abad ke-5]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Luke–John
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Injil Lukas|Lukas]][[Injil Yohanes|–Yohanes]]
|-
|-
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 061
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 061
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Uncial 061]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Uncial 061]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 5th
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Abad ke-5]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 1 Tim 3:15-16; 4:1-3; 6:2-8
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| {{Alkitab|1 Tim 3:15-16; 4:1-3; 6:2-8}}
|-
|-
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| E<sup>e</sup> (07)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| E<sup>e</sup> (07)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Basilensis A. N. III. 12|Codex Basilensis]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Basilensis A. N. III. 12|Codex Basilensis]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 8th
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Abad ke-8]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Gospels
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Injil]]
|-
|-
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| F<sup>e</sup> (09)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| F<sup>e</sup> (09)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Boreelianus]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Boreelianus]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 9th
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Abad ke-9]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Gospels
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Injil]]
|-
|-
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| G<sup>e</sup> (011)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| G<sup>e</sup> (011)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Seidelianus I]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Seidelianus I]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 9th
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Abad ke-9]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Gospels
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Injil]]
|-
|-
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| H<sup>e</sup> (013)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| H<sup>e</sup> (013)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Seidelianus II]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Seidelianus II]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 9th
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Abad ke-9]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Gospels
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Injil]]
|-
|-
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| L (020)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| L (020)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Angelicus]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Angelicus]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 9th
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Abad ke-9]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Acts, CE, Pauline Epistles
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Kisah Para Rasul]], [[Surat-surat Am]], [[Surat-surat Paulus]]
|-
|-
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| V (031)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| V (031)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Mosquensis II]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Mosquensis II]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 9th
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Abad ke-9]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Gospels
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Injil]]
|-
|-
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Y (034)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Y (034)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Macedoniensis]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Macedoniensis]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 9th
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Abad ke-9
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Gospels
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Injil]]
|-
|-
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Θ (038)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Θ (038)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Koridethi]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Koridethi]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 9th
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Abad ke-9]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Gospels (except Mark)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Injil]] (kecuali [[Injil Markus|Markus]])
|-
|-
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| S (028)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| S (028)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Vaticanus 354]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Codex Vaticanus 354]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 949
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[949]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| Gospels
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Injil]]
|-
|-
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 1241
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 1241
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Minuscule 1241]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Minuscule 1241]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 12th
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Abad ke-12]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| only Acts
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| hanya [[Kisah Para Rasul]]
|-
|-
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 1424
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 1424
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Minuscule 1424]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Minuscule 1424]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| 9th/10th
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Abad ke-9]][[Abad ke-10|/10]]
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| NT (except Mark)
|style="background:#EBE" align="center"| [[Perjanjian Baru]] (kecuali [[Injil Markus|Markus]])
|}
|}


=== Naskah lain ===
=== Naskah lain ===
; [[Daftar Papirus Perjanjian Baru|Papirus]]
; Papyri
[[Papyrus 73|𝔓<sup>73</sup>]]
[[Papirus 73|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>73</sup>]]
; [[Daftar Uncial Perjanjian Baru|Uncial]]
; Uncials
[[Codex Mutinensis]], [[Codex Cyprius]], [[Codex Mosquensis I]], [[Codex Campianus|Campianus]], [[Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus|Petropolitanus Purp.]], [[Codex Sinopensis|Sinopensis]], [[Codex Guelferbytanus A|Guelferbytanus A]], [[Codex Guelferbytanus B|Guelferbytanus B]], [[Codex Nitriensis|Nitriensis]], [[Codex Nanianus|Nanianus]], [[Codex Monacensis|Monacensis]], [[Codex Tischendorfianus IV|Tischendorfianus IV]], [[Codex Sangallensis 48|Sangallensis]] (except Mark), [[Codex Tischendorfianus III|Tischendorfianus III]], [[Codex Petropolitanus|Petropolitanus]], [[Codex Purpureus Rossanensis|Rossanensis]], [[Codex Beratinus|Beratinus]], [[Codex Athous Dionysiou|Dionysiou]], [[Codex Vaticanus 2066|Vaticanus 2066]], [[Uncial 047]], [[Uncial 049|049]], [[Uncial 052|052]], [[Uncial 053|053]], [[Uncial 054|054]], [[Uncial 056|056]], [[Uncial 061|061]], [[Uncial 063|063]], [[Uncial 064|064]], [[Uncial 065|065]], [[Uncial 069|069]] (?), [[Uncial 093|093]] (Acts), [[Uncial 0103|0103]], [[Uncial 0104|0104]], [[Uncial 0105|0105]], [[Uncial 0116|0116]], [[Uncial 0120|0120]], [[Uncial 0133|0133]], [[Uncial 0134|0134]], [[Uncial 0135|0135]], [[Uncial 0136|0136]], [[Uncial 0142|0142]], [[Uncial 0151|0151]], [[Uncial 0197|0197]], [[Uncial 0211|0211]], [[Uncial 0246|0246]], [[Uncial 0248|0248]], [[Uncial 0253|0253]], [[Uncial 0255|0255]], [[Uncial 0257|0257]], [[Uncial 0265|0265]], [[Uncial 0269|0269]] (mixed), [[Uncial 0272|0272]], [[Uncial 0273|0273]] (?).
[[Codex Mutinensis]], [[Codex Cyprius]], [[Codex Mosquensis I]], [[Codex Campianus|Campianus]], [[Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus|Petropolitanus Purp.]], [[Codex Sinopensis|Sinopensis]], [[Codex Guelferbytanus A|Guelferbytanus A]], [[Codex Guelferbytanus B|Guelferbytanus B]], [[Codex Nitriensis|Nitriensis]], [[Codex Nanianus|Nanianus]], [[Codex Monacensis|Monacensis]], [[Codex Tischendorfianus IV|Tischendorfianus IV]], [[Codex Sangallensis 48|Sangallensis]] (kecuali Markus), [[Codex Tischendorfianus III|Tischendorfianus III]], [[Codex Petropolitanus|Petropolitanus]], [[Codex Purpureus Rossanensis|Rossanensis]], [[Codex Beratinus|Beratinus]], [[Codex Athous Dionysiou|Dionysiou]], [[Codex Vaticanus 2066|Vaticanus 2066]], [[Uncial 047]], [[Uncial 049|049]], [[Uncial 052|052]], [[Uncial 053|053]], [[Uncial 054|054]], [[Uncial 056|056]], [[Uncial 061|061]], [[Uncial 063|063]], [[Uncial 064|064]], [[Uncial 065|065]], [[Uncial 069|069]] (?), [[Uncial 093|093]] (Kisah Para Rasul), [[Uncial 0103|0103]], [[Uncial 0104|0104]], [[Uncial 0105|0105]], [[Uncial 0116|0116]], [[Uncial 0120|0120]], [[Uncial 0133|0133]], [[Uncial 0134|0134]], [[Uncial 0135|0135]], [[Uncial 0136|0136]], [[Uncial 0142|0142]], [[Uncial 0151|0151]], [[Uncial 0197|0197]], [[Uncial 0211|0211]], [[Uncial 0246|0246]], [[Uncial 0248|0248]], [[Uncial 0253|0253]], [[Uncial 0255|0255]], [[Uncial 0257|0257]], [[Uncial 0265|0265]], [[Uncial 0269|0269]] (campuran), [[Uncial 0272|0272]], [[Uncial 0273|0273]] (?).


; [[Daftar Minuscule Perjanjian Baru|Minuscule]]
; Minuscules
Lebih dari 80% minuscule merupakan teks Bizantin.<ref>Kurt Aland, and Barbara Aland, ''The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism'', trans. Erroll F. Rhodes, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1995, p. 128.</ref>
Lebih dari 80% minuscule merupakan teks Bizantin.<ref>Kurt Aland, and Barbara Aland, ''The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism'', trans. Erroll F. Rhodes, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1995, p. 128.</ref>


[[Minuscule 2|2]], [[Minuscule 3|3]], [[Minuscule 6|6]] (Gospels and Acts), [[Minuscule 8|8]], [[Minuscule 9|9]], [[Minuscule 11|11]], [[Minuscule 12|12]], [[Minuscule 14|14]], [[Minuscule 15|15]], [[Minuscule 18|18]], [[Minuscule 21|21]], [[Minuscule 23|23]], [[Minuscule 24|24]], [[Minuscule 25|25]], [[Minuscule 27|27]], [[Minuscule 28|28]] (except Mark), [[Minuscule 29|29]], [[Minuscule 30|30]], [[Minuscule 32|32]], [[Minuscule 34|34]], [[Minuscule 35|35]], [[Minuscule 36|36]], [[Minuscule 37|37]], [[Minuscule 39|39]], [[Minuscule 40|40]], [[Minuscule 42|42]], [[Minuscule 44|44]], [[Minuscule 45|45]], [[Minuscule 46|46]], [[Minuscule 47|47]], [[Minuscule 49|49]], [[Minuscule 50|50]], [[Minuscule 52|52]], [[Minuscule 53|53]], [[Minuscule 54|54]], [[Minuscule 55|55]], [[Minuscule 57|57]], [[Minuscule 58|58]], [[Minuscule 60|60]], [[Minuscule 61|61]] (Gospels and Acts), [[Minuscule 63|63]], [[Minuscule 65|65]], [[Minuscule 66|66]], [[Minuscule 68|68]], [[Minuscule 69|69]] (except Paul), [[Minuscule 70|70]], [[Minuscule 73|73]], [[Minuscule 74|74]], [[Minuscule 75|75]], [[Minuscule 76|76]], [[Minuscule 77|77]], [[Minuscule 78|78]], [[Minuscule 80|80]], [[Minuscule 82|82]], [[Minuscule 83|83]], [[Minuscule 84|84]], [[Minuscule 89|89]], [[Minuscule 90|90]], [[Minuscule 92|92]], [[Minuscule 93|93]], [[Minuscule 95|95]], [[Minuscule 97|97]], [[Minuscule 98|98]], [[Minuscule 99|99]], [[Minuscule 100|100]], [[Minuscule 103|103]], [[Minuscule 104|104]] (except Paul), [[Minuscule 105|105]], [[Minuscule 107|107]], [[Minuscule 108|108]], [[Minuscule 109|109]], [[Minuscule 110|110]], [[Minuscule 111|111]], [[Minuscule 112|112]], [[Minuscule 116|116]], [[Minuscule 119|119]], [[Minuscule 120|120]], [[Minuscule 121|121]], [[Minuscule 122|122]], [[Minuscule 123|123]], [[Minuscule 125|125]], [[Minuscule 126|126]], [[Minuscule 127|127]], [[Minuscule 128|128]], [[Minuscule 129|129]], [[Minuscule 132|132]], [[Minuscule 133|133]], [[Minuscule 134|134]], [[Minuscule 135|135]], [[Minuscule 136|136]], [[Minuscule 137|137]], [[Minuscule 138|138]], [[Minuscule 139|139]], [[Minuscule 140|140]], [[Minuscule 141|141]], [[Minuscule 142|142]], [[Minuscule 143|143]], [[Minuscule 144|144]], [[Minuscule 146|146]], [[Minuscule 147|147]], [[Minuscule 148|148]], [[Minuscule 149|149]], [[Minuscule 150|150]], [[Minuscule 151|151]], [[Minuscule 155|155]], [[Minuscule 156|156]], [[Minuscule 159|159]], [[Minuscule 162|162]], [[Minuscule 167|167]], [[Minuscule 169|169]], [[Minuscule 170|170]], [[Minuscule 171|171]], [[Minuscule 177|177]], [[Minuscule 180|180]] (except Acts), [[Minuscule 181|181]] (only Rev.), [[Minuscule 182|182]], [[Minuscule 183|183]], [[Minuscule 185|185]], [[Minuscule 186|186]], [[Minuscule 187|187]], [[Minuscule 189|189]], [[Minuscule 190|190]], [[Minuscule 192|192]], [[Minuscule 193|193]], [[Minuscule 194|194]], [[Minuscule 195|195]], [[Minuscule 196|196]], [[Minuscule 197|197]], [[Minuscule 198|198]], [[Minuscule 199|199]], [[Minuscule 200|200]], [[Minuscule 201|201]], [[Minuscule 202|202]], [[Minuscule 203|203]], [[Minuscule 204|204]], [[Minuscule 205|205]] (Epistles), [[Minuscule 206|206]] (except Cath.), [[Minuscule 207|207]], [[Minuscule 208|208]], [[Minuscule 209|209]] (except Gospels and Rev.), [[Minuscule 210|210]], [[Minuscule 212|212]], [[Minuscule 214|214]], [[Minuscule 215|215]], [[Minuscule 217|217]], [[Minuscule 218|218]] (except Cath. and Paul), [[Minuscule 219|219]], [[Minuscule 220|220]], [[Minuscule 221|221]], [[Minuscule 223|223]], [[Minuscule 224|224]], [[Minuscule 226|226]], [[Minuscule 227|227]], [[Minuscule 231|231]], [[Minuscule 232|232]], [[Minuscule 235|235]], [[Minuscule 236|236]], [[Minuscule 237|237]], [[Minuscule 240|240]], [[Minuscule 243|243]], [[Minuscule 244|244]], [[Minuscule 245|245]], [[Minuscule 246|246]], [[Minuscule 247|247]], [[Minuscule 248|248]], [[Minuscule 250|250]], [[Minuscule 254|254]] (except Cath.), [[Minuscule 256|256]] (except Paul), [[Minuscule 259|259]], [[Minuscule 260|260]], [[Minuscule 261|261]], [[Minuscule 262|262]], [[Minuscule 263|263]] (except Paul), [[Minuscule 264|264]], [[Minuscule 266|266]], [[Minuscule 267|267]], [[Minuscule 268|268]], [[Minuscule 269|269]], [[Minuscule 270|270]], [[Minuscule 272|272]], [[Minuscule 275|275]], [[Minuscule 276|276]], [[Minuscule 277|277]], [[Minuscule 278a|278a]], [[Minuscule 278b|278b]], [[Minuscule 280|280]], [[Minuscule 281|281]], [[Minuscule 282|282]], [[Minuscule 283|283]], [[Minuscule 284|284]], [[Minuscule 285|285]], [[Minuscule 286|286]], [[Minuscule 287|287]], [[Minuscule 288|288]], [[Minuscule 289|289]], [[Minuscule 290|290]], [[Minuscule 291|291]], [[Minuscule 292|292]], [[Minuscule 293|293]], [[Minuscule 297|297]], [[Minuscule 300|300]], [[Minuscule 301|301]], [[Minuscule 302|302]], [[Minuscule 303|303]], [[Minuscule 304|304]], [[Minuscule 305|305]], [[Minuscule 306|306]], [[Minuscule 308|308]], [[Minuscule 309|309]], [[Minuscule 313|313]], [[Minuscule 314|314]], [[Minuscule 316|316]], [[Minuscule 319|319]], [[Minuscule 320|320]], [[Minuscule 324|324]], [[Minuscule 325|325]], [[Minuscule 327|327]], [[Minuscule 328|328]], [[Minuscule 329|329]], [[Minuscule 330|330]] (except Paul), [[Minuscule 331|331]], [[Minuscule 334|334]], [[Minuscule 335|335]], [[Minuscule 337|337]], [[Minuscule 342|342]], [[Minuscule 343|343]], [[Minuscule 344|344]], [[Minuscule 347|347]], [[Minuscule 350|350]], [[Minuscule 351|351]], [[Minuscule 352|352]], [[Minuscule 353|353]], [[Minuscule 354|354]], [[Minuscule 355|355]], [[Minuscule 356|356]], [[Minuscule 357|357]], [[Minuscule 358|358]], [[Minuscule 359|359]], [[Minuscule 360|360]], [[Minuscule 361|361]], [[Minuscule 362|362]], [[Minuscule 364|364]], [[Minuscule 365|365]] (except Paul), [[Minuscule 366|366]], [[Minuscule 367|367]], [[Minuscule 368|368]], [[Minuscule 369|369]], [[Minuscule 371|371]], [[Minuscule 373|373]], [[Minuscule 374|374]], [[Minuscule 375|375]], [[Minuscule 376|376]], [[Minuscule 378|378]] (except Cath.), [[Minuscule 379|379]], [[Minuscule 380|380]], [[Minuscule 381|381]], [[Minuscule 384|384]], [[Minuscule 385|385]], [[Minuscule 386|386]], [[Minuscule 387|387]], [[Minuscule 388|388]], [[Minuscule 390|390]], [[Minuscule 392|392]], [[Minuscule 393|393]], [[Minuscule 394|394]], [[Minuscule 395|395]], [[Minuscule 396|396]], [[Minuscule 398|398]] (except Cath.), [[Minuscule 399|399]], [[Minuscule 401|401]], [[Minuscule 402|402]], [[Minuscule 404|404]], [[Minuscule 405|405]], [[Minuscule 407|407]], [[Minuscule 408|408]], [[Minuscule 409|409]], [[Minuscule 410|410]], [[Minuscule 411|411]], [[Minuscule 412|412]], [[Minuscule 413|413]], [[Minuscule 414|414]], [[Minuscule 415|415]], [[Minuscule 417|417]], [[Minuscule 418|418]], [[Minuscule 419|419]], [[Minuscule 422|422]], [[Minuscule 425|425]], [[Minuscule 426|426]], [[Minuscule 429|429]] (Paul and Rev.), [[Minuscule 431|431]] (except Acts and Cath.), [[Minuscule 432|432]], [[Minuscule 438|438]], [[Minuscule 439|439]], [[Minuscule 443|443]], [[Minuscule 445|445]], [[Minuscule 446|446]], [[Minuscule 448|448]], [[Minuscule 449|449]], [[Minuscule 450|450]], [[Minuscule 451|451]] (except Paul), [[Minuscule 452|452]], [[Minuscule 454|454]], [[Minuscule 457|457]], [[Minuscule 458|458]], [[Minuscule 459|459]] (except Paul), [[Minuscule 461|461]], [[Minuscule 465|465]], [[Minuscule 466|466]], [[Minuscule 469|469]], [[Minuscule 470|470]], [[Minuscule 471|471]], [[Minuscule 473|473]], [[Minuscule 474|474]], [[Minuscule 475|475]], [[Minuscule 476|476]], [[Minuscule 477|477]], [[Minuscule 478|478]], [[Minuscule 479|479]], [[Minuscule 480|480]], [[Minuscule 481|481]], [[Minuscule 482|482]], [[Minuscule 483|483]], [[Minuscule 484|484]], [[Minuscule 485|485]], [[Minuscule 490|490]], [[Minuscule 491|491]], [[Minuscule 492|492]], [[Minuscule 493|493]], [[Minuscule 494|494]], [[Minuscule 496|496]], [[Minuscule 497|497]], [[Minuscule 498|498]], [[Minuscule 499|499]], [[Minuscule 500|500]], [[Minuscule 501|501]], [[Minuscule 502|502]], [[Minuscule 504|504]], [[Minuscule 505|505]], [[Minuscule 506|506]], [[Minuscule 507|507]], [[Minuscule 509|509]], [[Minuscule 510|510]], [[Minuscule 511|511]], [[Minuscule 512|512]], [[Minuscule 514|514]], [[Minuscule 516|516]], [[Minuscule 518|518]], [[Minuscule 519|519]], [[Minuscule 520|520]], [[Minuscule 521|521]], [[Minuscule 522|522]] (except Acts and Cath.), [[Minuscule 523|523]], [[Minuscule 524|524]], [[Minuscule 525|525]], [[Minuscule 526|526]], [[Minuscule 527|527]], [[Minuscule 528|528]], [[Minuscule 529|529]], [[Minuscule 530|530]], [[Minuscule 531|531]], [[Minuscule 532|532]], [[Minuscule 533|533]], [[Minuscule 534|534]], [[Minuscule 535|535]], [[Minuscule 538|538]], [[Minuscule 540|540]], [[Minuscule 541|541]], [[Minuscule 546|546]], [[Minuscule 547|547]], [[Minuscule 548|548]], [[Minuscule 549|549]], [[Minuscule 550|550]], [[Minuscule 551|551]], [[Minuscule 553|553]], [[Minuscule 554|554]], [[Minuscule 556|556]], [[Minuscule 558|558]], [[Minuscule 559|559]], [[Minuscule 560|560]], [[Minuscule 564|564]], [[Minuscule 568|568]], [[Minuscule 570|570]], [[Minuscule 571|571]], [[Minuscule 573|573]], [[Minuscule 574|574]], [[Minuscule 575|575]], [[Minuscule 577|577]], [[Minuscule 578|578]], [[Minuscule 580|580]], [[Minuscule 583|583]], [[Minuscule 584|584]], [[Minuscule 585|585]], [[Minuscule 586|586]], [[Minuscule 587|587]], [[Minuscule 588|588]], [[Minuscule 592|592]], [[Minuscule 593|593]], [[Minuscule 594|594]], [[Minuscule 596|596]], [[Minuscule 597|597]], [[Minuscule 600|600]], [[Minuscule 601|601]], [[Minuscule 602|602]], [[Minuscule 603|603]], [[Minuscule 604|604]], [[Minuscule 605|605]], [[Minuscule 607|607]], [[Minuscule 610|610]] (in Cath.), [[Minuscule 614|614]] (in Cath.), [[Minuscule 616|616]], [[Minuscule 618|618]], [[Minuscule 620|620]], [[Minuscule 622|622]], [[Minuscule 624|624]], [[Minuscule 625|625]], [[Minuscule 626|626]], [[Minuscule 627|627]], [[Minuscule 628|628]], [[Minuscule 632|632]], [[Minuscule 633|633]], [[Minuscule 634|634]], [[Minuscule 637|637]], [[Minuscule 638|638]], [[Minuscule 639|639]], [[Minuscule 640|640]], [[Minuscule 642|642]] (except Cath.), [[Minuscule 644|644]], [[Minuscule 645|645]], [[Minuscule 648|648]], [[Minuscule 649|649]], [[Minuscule 650|650]], [[Minuscule 651|651]], [[Minuscule 655|655]], [[Minuscule 656|656]], [[Minuscule 657|657]], [[Minuscule 660|660]], [[Minuscule 662|662]], [[Minuscule 663|663]], [[Minuscule 664|664]], [[Minuscule 666|666]], [[Minuscule 668|668]], [[Minuscule 669|669]], [[Minuscule 672|672]], [[Minuscule 673|673]], [[Minuscule 674|674]], [[Minuscule 677|677]], [[Minuscule 680|680]], [[Minuscule 684|684]], [[Minuscule 685|685]], [[Minuscule 686|686]], [[Minuscule 688|688]], [[Minuscule 689|689]], [[Minuscule 690|690]], [[Minuscule 691|691]], [[Minuscule 692|692]], [[Minuscule 694|694]], [[Minuscule 696|696]], [[Minuscule 698|698]], [[Minuscule 699|699]], [[Minuscule 705|705]], [[Minuscule 707|707]], [[Minuscule 708|708]], [[Minuscule 711|711]], [[Minuscule 714|714]], [[Minuscule 715|715]], [[Minuscule 717|717]], [[Minuscule 718|718]], [[Minuscule 721|721]], [[Minuscule 724|724]], [[Minuscule 725|725]], [[Minuscule 727|727]], [[Minuscule 729|729]], [[Minuscule 730|730]], [[Minuscule 731|731]], [[Minuscule 734|734]], [[Minuscule 736|736]], [[Minuscule 737|737]], [[Minuscule 739 (Gregory-Aland)|739]], [[Minuscule 741 (Gregory-Aland)|741]], [[Minuscule 745 (Gregory-Aland)|745]], [[Minuscule 746 (Gregory-Aland)|746]], [[Minuscule 748 (Gregory-Aland)|748]], [[Minuscule 750 (Gregory-Aland)|750]], [[Minuscule 754 (Gregory-Aland)|754]], [[Minuscule 755 (Gregory-Aland)|755]], [[Minuscule 756 (Gregory-Aland)|756]], [[Minuscule 757 (Gregory-Aland)|757]], [[Minuscule 758 (Gregory-Aland)|758]], [[Minuscule 759 (Gregory-Aland)|759]], [[Minuscule 760 (Gregory-Aland)|760]], [[Minuscule 761 (Gregory-Aland)|761]], [[Minuscule 762 (Gregory-Aland)|762]], [[Minuscule 763 (Gregory-Aland)|763]], [[Minuscule 764 (Gregory-Aland)|764]], [[Minuscule 765 (Gregory-Aland)|765]], [[Minuscule 768 (Gregory-Aland)|768]], [[Minuscule 769 (Gregory-Aland)|769]], [[Minuscule 770 (Gregory-Aland)|770]], [[Minuscule 773 (Gregory-Aland)|773]], [[Minuscule 774 (Gregory-Aland)|774]], [[Minuscule 775 (Gregory-Aland)|775]], [[Minuscule 777 (Gregory-Aland)|777]], [[Minuscule 778 (Gregory-Aland)|778]], [[Minuscule 779 (Gregory-Aland)|779]], [[Minuscule 781 (Gregory-Aland)|781]], [[Minuscule 782 (Gregory-Aland)|782]], [[Minuscule 783 (Gregory-Aland)|783]], [[Minuscule 784 (Gregory-Aland)|784]], [[Minuscule 785 (Gregory-Aland)|785]], [[Minuscule 786 (Gregory-Aland)|786]], [[Minuscule 787 (Gregory-Aland)|787]], [[Minuscule 789 (Gregory-Aland)|789]], [[Minuscule 790 (Gregory-Aland)|790]], [[Minuscule 793 (Gregory-Aland)|793]], [[Minuscule 794 (Gregory-Aland)|794]], [[Minuscule 797 (Gregory-Aland)|797]], [[Minuscule 798|798]], [[Minuscule 799 (Gregory-Aland)|799]], [[Minuscule 801 (Gregory-Aland)|801]], [[Minuscule 802 (Gregory-Aland)|802]], [[Minuscule 806 (Gregory-Aland)|806]], [[Minuscule 808 (Gregory-Aland)|808]], [[Minuscule 809 (Gregory-Aland)|809]], [[Minuscule 811 (Gregory-Aland)|811]], [[Minuscule 818 (Gregory-Aland)|818]], [[Minuscule 819 (Gregory-Aland)|819]], [[Minuscule 820 (Gregory-Aland)|820]], [[Minuscule 824 (Gregory-Aland)|824]], [[Minuscule 825 (Gregory-Aland)|825]], [[Minuscule 830 (Gregory-Aland)|830]], [[Minuscule 831 (Gregory-Aland)|831]], [[Minuscule 833 (Gregory-Aland)|833]], [[Minuscule 834 (Gregory-Aland)|834]], [[Minuscule 835 (Gregory-Aland)|835]], [[Minuscule 836 (Gregory-Aland)|836]], [[Minuscule 839 (Gregory-Aland)|839]], [[Minuscule 840 (Gregory-Aland)|840]], [[Minuscule 841 (Gregory-Aland)|841]], [[Minuscule 843 (Gregory-Aland)|843]], [[Minuscule 844 (Gregory-Aland)|844]], [[Minuscule 845 (Gregory-Aland)|845]], [[Minuscule 846 (Gregory-Aland)|846]], [[Minuscule 848 (Gregory-Aland)|848]], [[Minuscule 852 (Gregory-Aland)|852]], [[Minuscule 853 (Gregory-Aland)|853]], [[Minuscule 857 (Gregory-Aland)|857]], [[Minuscule 858 (Gregory-Aland)|858]], [[Minuscule 860 (Gregory-Aland)|860]], [[Minuscule 861 (Gregory-Aland)|861]], [[Minuscule 862 (Gregory-Aland)|862]], [[Minuscule 864 (Gregory-Aland)|864]], [[Minuscule 866 (Gregory-Aland)|866]], [[Minuscule 867 (Gregory-Aland)|867]], [[Minuscule 868 (Gregory-Aland)|868]], [[Minuscule 870 (Gregory-Aland)|870]], [[Minuscule 877 (Gregory-Aland)|877]], [[Minuscule 880 (Gregory-Aland)|880]], [[Minuscule 884 (Gregory-Aland)|884]], [[Minuscule 886 (Gregory-Aland)|886]], [[Minuscule 887 (Gregory-Aland)|887]], [[Minuscule 889 (Gregory-Aland)|889]], [[Minuscule 890 (Gregory-Aland)|890]], [[Minuscule 893 (Gregory-Aland)|893]], [[Minuscule 894 (Gregory-Aland)|894]], [[Minuscule 896 (Gregory-Aland)|896]], [[Minuscule 897 (Gregory-Aland)|897]], 898, 900, 901, 902, 904, [[Minuscule 905 (Gregory-Aland)|905]], 906, 910, 911, 912, 914, 916, 917 (Paul), [[Minuscule 918 (Gregory-Aland)|918]] (Paul), 919, 920, 921, 924, 928, 936, 937, 938, 942, 943, 944, 945 (Acts and Cath.), 950, 951, 952, 953, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 969, 970, 971, 973, 975, 977, 978, 980, 981, 987, 988, 991, 993, [[Minuscule 994 (Gregory-Aland)|994]], 995, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1003, 1004, 1006 (Gospels), 1007, 1008, 1010 (?), 1011, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1028, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1036, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1050, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1065, 1067 (except Cath.), 1068, 1069, 1070, 1072, [[Minuscule 1073 (Gregory-Aland)|1073]], [[Minuscule 1074 (Gregory-Aland)|1074]], 1075, [[Minuscule 1076 (Gregory-Aland)|1076]], 1077, [[Minuscule 1078 (Gregory-Aland)|1078]], [[Minuscule 1080 (Gregory-Aland)|1080]], 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1094, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1107, 1110, 1112, 1119, 1121, 1123, 1129, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1161, 1168, 1169, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1176, 1177, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1193, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1217, 1218, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1231, 1241 (only Acts), 1251 (?), 1252, 1254, 1255, 1260, 1264, 1277, 1283, 1285, 1292 (except Cath.), 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1303, 1305, 1309, 1310, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319 (except Paul), 1320, 1323, 1324, 1328, 1330, 1331, 1334, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1343, 1345, 1347, 1350a, 1350b, 1351, 1352a, 1354, 1355, [[Minuscule 1356 (Gregory-Aland)|1356]], 1357, 1358, 1359 (except Cath.), 1360, 1362, 1364, 1367, 1370, 1373, 1374, 1377, 1384, 1385, 1392, 1395, 1398 (except Paul), 1400, 1409 (Gospels and Paul), 1417, 1437, 1438, 1444, 1445, 1447, 1448 (except Cath.), 1449, 1452, 1470, 1476, 1482, 1483, 1492, 1503, 1504, 1506 (Gospels), 1508, 1513, 1514, 1516, 1517, 1520, 1521, 1523 (Paul), 1539, 1540, 1542b (only Luke), 1543, 1545, 1547, 1548, 1556, 1566, 1570, 1572, 1573 (except Paul?), 1577, 1583, 1594, 1597, 1604, 1605, 1607, 1613, 1614, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1622, 1628, 1636, 1637, 1649, 1656, 1662, 1668, 1672, 1673, 1683, 1693, 1701, 1704 (except Acts), 1714, 1717, 1720, 1723, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1752, 1754, 1755a, 1755b, 1756, 1757, 1759, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1767, 1768, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1800, 1821, 1826, 1828, 1829, 1835, 1841 (except Rev.), 1846 (only Acts), 1847, 1849, 1851, 1852 (only in Rev.), 1854 (except Rev.), 1855, 1856, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1869, 1870, 1872, 1874 (except Paul), 1876, 1877 (except Paul), 1878, 1879, 1880, 1882, 1883, 1888, 1889, 1891 (except Acts), 1897, 1899, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1911, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1936,1937, 1938, 1941, 1946, 1948, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1964, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1992, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2009, 2013, 2048, 2096, 2098, 2111, 2119, 2125, 2126, 2127 (except Paul), 2132, 2133, 2135, 2138 (only in Rev.), 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2144, 2160, 2172, 2173, 2175, 2176, 2177, 2178, 2181, 2183, 2187, 2189, 2191, 2199, 2218, 2221, 2236, 2261, 2266, 2267, 2273, 2275, [[Minuscule 2277|2277]], 2281, 2289, 2295, 2300, 2303, 2306, 2307, 2309, 2310, 2311, 2352, 2355, 2356, 2373, 2376, 2378, 2381, 2382, 2386, 2389, 2390, 2406, 2407, 2409, 2414, 2415, 2418, 2420, 2422, [[Minuscule 2423|2423]], 2424, 2425, 2426, 2430, 2431, [[Minuscule 2437|2437]], 2441, 2442, [[Minuscule 2445|2445]], 2447, 2450, 2451, 2452, 2454, 2455, 2457, 2458, 2459, 2466, 2468, 2475, 2479, 2483, 2484, 2490, [[Minuscule 2491|2491]], 2496, 2497, 2499, 2500, 2501, 2502, 2503, 2507, 2532, 2534, 2536, 2539, 2540, 2545, 2547, 2549, 2550, 2552, 2554, 2555, 2558, 2559, 2562, 2563, 2567, 2571, 2572, 2573, 2578, 2579, 2581, 2584, 2587, 2593, 2600, 2619, 2624, 2626, 2627, 2629, 2631, 2633, 2634, 2635, 2636, 2637, 2639, 2645, 2646, 2649, 2650, 2651, 2653, 2656, 2657, 2658, 2660, 2661, 2665, 2666, 2671, 2673, 2675, 2679, 2690, 2691, 2696, 2698, 2699, 2700, 2704, 2711, 2712, 2716, 2721, 2722, 2723, 2724, 2725, 2727, 2729, 2746, 2760, 2761, 2765, 2767, 2773, 2774, 2775, 2779, 2780, 2781, 2782, 2783, 2784, 2785, 2787, 2790, 2791, 2794, 2815, [[Minuscule 2817|2817]], 2829.<ref>Kurt Aland, and Barbara Aland, "The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism", trans. Erroll F. Rhodes, ''[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]'', Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1995, pp. 129-140.</ref><ref>Kurt Aland, "Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum. Locis parallelis evangeliorum apocryphorum et patrum adhibitis edidit", Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart 1996, p. XXXII.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nestle|first=Eberhard et Erwin|last2= communiter ediderunt: B. et K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger |title=Novum Testamentum Graece|editio=27|publisher= [[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]] |location=Stuttgart |year=2001 |page=714}}</ref>
[[Minuscule 2|2]], [[Minuscule 3|3]], [[Minuscule 6|6]] (Injil dan Kisah Para Rasul), [[Minuscule 8|8]], [[Minuscule 9|9]], [[Minuscule 11|11]], [[Minuscule 12|12]], [[Minuscule 14|14]], [[Minuscule 15|15]], [[Minuscule 18|18]], [[Minuscule 21|21]], [[Minuscule 23|23]], [[Minuscule 24|24]], [[Minuscule 25|25]], [[Minuscule 27|27]], [[Minuscule 28|28]] (kecuali Markus), [[Minuscule 29|29]], [[Minuscule 30|30]], [[Minuscule 32|32]], [[Minuscule 34|34]], [[Minuscule 35|35]], [[Minuscule 36|36]], [[Minuscule 37|37]], [[Minuscule 39|39]], [[Minuscule 40|40]], [[Minuscule 42|42]], [[Minuscule 44|44]], [[Minuscule 45|45]], [[Minuscule 46|46]], [[Minuscule 47|47]], [[Minuscule 49|49]], [[Minuscule 50|50]], [[Minuscule 52|52]], [[Minuscule 53|53]], [[Minuscule 54|54]], [[Minuscule 55|55]], [[Minuscule 57|57]], [[Minuscule 58|58]], [[Minuscule 60|60]], [[Minuscule 61|61]] (Injil dan Kisah Para Rasul), [[Minuscule 63|63]], [[Minuscule 65|65]], [[Minuscule 66|66]], [[Minuscule 68|68]], [[Minuscule 69|69]] (kecuali Paulus), [[Minuscule 70|70]], [[Minuscule 73|73]], [[Minuscule 74|74]], [[Minuscule 75|75]], [[Minuscule 76|76]], [[Minuscule 77|77]], [[Minuscule 78|78]], [[Minuscule 80|80]], [[Minuscule 82|82]], [[Minuscule 83|83]], [[Minuscule 84|84]], [[Minuscule 89|89]], [[Minuscule 90|90]], [[Minuscule 92|92]], [[Minuscule 93|93]], [[Minuscule 95|95]], [[Minuscule 97|97]], [[Minuscule 98|98]], [[Minuscule 99|99]], [[Minuscule 100|100]], [[Minuscule 103|103]], [[Minuscule 104|104]] (kecuali Paulus), [[Minuscule 105|105]], [[Minuscule 107|107]], [[Minuscule 108|108]], [[Minuscule 109|109]], [[Minuscule 110|110]], [[Minuscule 111|111]], [[Minuscule 112|112]], [[Minuscule 116|116]], [[Minuscule 119|119]], [[Minuscule 120|120]], [[Minuscule 121|121]], [[Minuscule 122|122]], [[Minuscule 123|123]], [[Minuscule 125|125]], [[Minuscule 126|126]], [[Minuscule 127|127]], [[Minuscule 128|128]], [[Minuscule 129|129]], [[Minuscule 132|132]], [[Minuscule 133|133]], [[Minuscule 134|134]], [[Minuscule 135|135]], [[Minuscule 136|136]], [[Minuscule 137|137]], [[Minuscule 138|138]], [[Minuscule 139|139]], [[Minuscule 140|140]], [[Minuscule 141|141]], [[Minuscule 142|142]], [[Minuscule 143|143]], [[Minuscule 144|144]], [[Minuscule 146|146]], [[Minuscule 147|147]], [[Minuscule 148|148]], [[Minuscule 149|149]], [[Minuscule 150|150]], [[Minuscule 151|151]], [[Minuscule 155|155]], [[Minuscule 156|156]], [[Minuscule 159|159]], [[Minuscule 162|162]], [[Minuscule 167|167]], [[Minuscule 169|169]], [[Minuscule 170|170]], [[Minuscule 171|171]], [[Minuscule 177|177]], [[Minuscule 180|180]] (kecuali Kisah Para Rasul), [[Minuscule 181|181]] (hanya Wahyu), [[Minuscule 182|182]], [[Minuscule 183|183]], [[Minuscule 185|185]], [[Minuscule 186|186]], [[Minuscule 187|187]], [[Minuscule 189|189]], [[Minuscule 190|190]], [[Minuscule 192|192]], [[Minuscule 193|193]], [[Minuscule 194|194]], [[Minuscule 195|195]], [[Minuscule 196|196]], [[Minuscule 197|197]], [[Minuscule 198|198]], [[Minuscule 199|199]], [[Minuscule 200|200]], [[Minuscule 201|201]], [[Minuscule 202|202]], [[Minuscule 203|203]], [[Minuscule 204|204]], [[Minuscule 205|205]] (Epistles), [[Minuscule 206|206]] (kecuali surat-surat Am/''cath.''), [[Minuscule 207|207]], [[Minuscule 208|208]], [[Minuscule 209|209]] (kecuali Injil dan Wahyu), [[Minuscule 210|210]], [[Minuscule 212|212]], [[Minuscule 214|214]], [[Minuscule 215|215]], [[Minuscule 217|217]], [[Minuscule 218|218]] (kecuali surat-surat Am dan Paulus), [[Minuscule 219|219]], [[Minuscule 220|220]], [[Minuscule 221|221]], [[Minuscule 223|223]], [[Minuscule 224|224]], [[Minuscule 226|226]], [[Minuscule 227|227]], [[Minuscule 231|231]], [[Minuscule 232|232]], [[Minuscule 235|235]], [[Minuscule 236|236]], [[Minuscule 237|237]], [[Minuscule 240|240]], [[Minuscule 243|243]], [[Minuscule 244|244]], [[Minuscule 245|245]], [[Minuscule 246|246]], [[Minuscule 247|247]], [[Minuscule 248|248]], [[Minuscule 250|250]], [[Minuscule 254|254]] (kecuali surat-surat Am), [[Minuscule 256|256]] (kecuali Paulus), [[Minuscule 259|259]], [[Minuscule 260|260]], [[Minuscule 261|261]], [[Minuscule 262|262]], [[Minuscule 263|263]] (kecuali Paulus), [[Minuscule 264|264]], [[Minuscule 266|266]], [[Minuscule 267|267]], [[Minuscule 268|268]], [[Minuscule 269|269]], [[Minuscule 270|270]], [[Minuscule 272|272]], [[Minuscule 275|275]], [[Minuscule 276|276]], [[Minuscule 277|277]], [[Minuscule 278a|278a]], [[Minuscule 278b|278b]], [[Minuscule 280|280]], [[Minuscule 281|281]], [[Minuscule 282|282]], [[Minuscule 283|283]], [[Minuscule 284|284]], [[Minuscule 285|285]], [[Minuscule 286|286]], [[Minuscule 287|287]], [[Minuscule 288|288]], [[Minuscule 289|289]], [[Minuscule 290|290]], [[Minuscule 291|291]], [[Minuscule 292|292]], [[Minuscule 293|293]], [[Minuscule 297|297]], [[Minuscule 300|300]], [[Minuscule 301|301]], [[Minuscule 302|302]], [[Minuscule 303|303]], [[Minuscule 304|304]], [[Minuscule 305|305]], [[Minuscule 306|306]], [[Minuscule 308|308]], [[Minuscule 309|309]], [[Minuscule 313|313]], [[Minuscule 314|314]], [[Minuscule 316|316]], [[Minuscule 319|319]], [[Minuscule 320|320]], [[Minuscule 324|324]], [[Minuscule 325|325]], [[Minuscule 327|327]], [[Minuscule 328|328]], [[Minuscule 329|329]], [[Minuscule 330|330]] (kecuali Paulus), [[Minuscule 331|331]], [[Minuscule 334|334]], [[Minuscule 335|335]], [[Minuscule 337|337]], [[Minuscule 342|342]], [[Minuscule 343|343]], [[Minuscule 344|344]], [[Minuscule 347|347]], [[Minuscule 350|350]], [[Minuscule 351|351]], [[Minuscule 352|352]], [[Minuscule 353|353]], [[Minuscule 354|354]], [[Minuscule 355|355]], [[Minuscule 356|356]], [[Minuscule 357|357]], [[Minuscule 358|358]], [[Minuscule 359|359]], [[Minuscule 360|360]], [[Minuscule 361|361]], [[Minuscule 362|362]], [[Minuscule 364|364]], [[Minuscule 365|365]] (kecuali Paulus), [[Minuscule 366|366]], [[Minuscule 367|367]], [[Minuscule 368|368]], [[Minuscule 369|369]], [[Minuscule 371|371]], [[Minuscule 373|373]], [[Minuscule 374|374]], [[Minuscule 375|375]], [[Minuscule 376|376]], [[Minuscule 378|378]] (kecuali surat-surat Am), [[Minuscule 379|379]], [[Minuscule 380|380]], [[Minuscule 381|381]], [[Minuscule 384|384]], [[Minuscule 385|385]], [[Minuscule 386|386]], [[Minuscule 387|387]], [[Minuscule 388|388]], [[Minuscule 390|390]], [[Minuscule 392|392]], [[Minuscule 393|393]], [[Minuscule 394|394]], [[Minuscule 395|395]], [[Minuscule 396|396]], [[Minuscule 398|398]] (kecuali surat-surat Am), [[Minuscule 399|399]], [[Minuscule 401|401]], [[Minuscule 402|402]], [[Minuscule 404|404]], [[Minuscule 405|405]], [[Minuscule 407|407]], [[Minuscule 408|408]], [[Minuscule 409|409]], [[Minuscule 410|410]], [[Minuscule 411|411]], [[Minuscule 412|412]], [[Minuscule 413|413]], [[Minuscule 414|414]], [[Minuscule 415|415]], [[Minuscule 417|417]], [[Minuscule 418|418]], [[Minuscule 419|419]], [[Minuscule 422|422]], [[Minuscule 425|425]], [[Minuscule 426|426]], [[Minuscule 429|429]] (Paulus dan Wahyu), [[Minuscule 431|431]] (kecuali Kisah Para Rasul dan surat-surat Am), [[Minuscule 432|432]], [[Minuscule 438|438]], [[Minuscule 439|439]], [[Minuscule 443|443]], [[Minuscule 445|445]], [[Minuscule 446|446]], [[Minuscule 448|448]], [[Minuscule 449|449]], [[Minuscule 450|450]], [[Minuscule 451|451]] (kecuali Paulus), [[Minuscule 452|452]], [[Minuscule 454|454]], [[Minuscule 457|457]], [[Minuscule 458|458]], [[Minuscule 459|459]] (kecuali Paulus), [[Minuscule 461|461]], [[Minuscule 465|465]], [[Minuscule 466|466]], [[Minuscule 469|469]], [[Minuscule 470|470]], [[Minuscule 471|471]], [[Minuscule 473|473]], [[Minuscule 474|474]], [[Minuscule 475|475]], [[Minuscule 476|476]], [[Minuscule 477|477]], [[Minuscule 478|478]], [[Minuscule 479|479]], [[Minuscule 480|480]], [[Minuscule 481|481]], [[Minuscule 482|482]], [[Minuscule 483|483]], [[Minuscule 484|484]], [[Minuscule 485|485]], [[Minuscule 490|490]], [[Minuscule 491|491]], [[Minuscule 492|492]], [[Minuscule 493|493]], [[Minuscule 494|494]], [[Minuscule 496|496]], [[Minuscule 497|497]], [[Minuscule 498|498]], [[Minuscule 499|499]], [[Minuscule 500|500]], [[Minuscule 501|501]], [[Minuscule 502|502]], [[Minuscule 504|504]], [[Minuscule 505|505]], [[Minuscule 506|506]], [[Minuscule 507|507]], [[Minuscule 509|509]], [[Minuscule 510|510]], [[Minuscule 511|511]], [[Minuscule 512|512]], [[Minuscule 514|514]], [[Minuscule 516|516]], [[Minuscule 518|518]], [[Minuscule 519|519]], [[Minuscule 520|520]], [[Minuscule 521|521]], [[Minuscule 522|522]] (kecuali Kisah Para Rasul dan surat-surat Am), [[Minuscule 523|523]], [[Minuscule 524|524]], [[Minuscule 525|525]], [[Minuscule 526|526]], [[Minuscule 527|527]], [[Minuscule 528|528]], [[Minuscule 529|529]], [[Minuscule 530|530]], [[Minuscule 531|531]], [[Minuscule 532|532]], [[Minuscule 533|533]], [[Minuscule 534|534]], [[Minuscule 535|535]], [[Minuscule 538|538]], [[Minuscule 540|540]], [[Minuscule 541|541]], [[Minuscule 546|546]], [[Minuscule 547|547]], [[Minuscule 548|548]], [[Minuscule 549|549]], [[Minuscule 550|550]], [[Minuscule 551|551]], [[Minuscule 553|553]], [[Minuscule 554|554]], [[Minuscule 556|556]], [[Minuscule 558|558]], [[Minuscule 559|559]], [[Minuscule 560|560]], [[Minuscule 564|564]], [[Minuscule 568|568]], [[Minuscule 570|570]], [[Minuscule 571|571]], [[Minuscule 573|573]], [[Minuscule 574|574]], [[Minuscule 575|575]], [[Minuscule 577|577]], [[Minuscule 578|578]], [[Minuscule 580|580]], [[Minuscule 583|583]], [[Minuscule 584|584]], [[Minuscule 585|585]], [[Minuscule 586|586]], [[Minuscule 587|587]], [[Minuscule 588|588]], [[Minuscule 592|592]], [[Minuscule 593|593]], [[Minuscule 594|594]], [[Minuscule 596|596]], [[Minuscule 597|597]], [[Minuscule 600|600]], [[Minuscule 601|601]], [[Minuscule 602|602]], [[Minuscule 603|603]], [[Minuscule 604|604]], [[Minuscule 605|605]], [[Minuscule 607|607]], [[Minuscule 610|610]] (dalam surat-surat Am), [[Minuscule 614|614]] (dalam surat-surat Am), [[Minuscule 616|616]], [[Minuscule 618|618]], [[Minuscule 620|620]], [[Minuscule 622|622]], [[Minuscule 624|624]], [[Minuscule 625|625]], [[Minuscule 626|626]], [[Minuscule 627|627]], [[Minuscule 628|628]], [[Minuscule 632|632]], [[Minuscule 633|633]], [[Minuscule 634|634]], [[Minuscule 637|637]], [[Minuscule 638|638]], [[Minuscule 639|639]], [[Minuscule 640|640]], [[Minuscule 642|642]] (kecuali surat-surat umum), [[Minuscule 644|644]], [[Minuscule 645|645]], [[Minuscule 648|648]], [[Minuscule 649|649]], [[Minuscule 650|650]], [[Minuscule 651|651]], [[Minuscule 655|655]], [[Minuscule 656|656]], [[Minuscule 657|657]], [[Minuscule 660|660]], [[Minuscule 662|662]], [[Minuscule 663|663]], [[Minuscule 664|664]], [[Minuscule 666|666]], [[Minuscule 668|668]], [[Minuscule 669|669]], [[Minuscule 672|672]], [[Minuscule 673|673]], [[Minuscule 674|674]], [[Minuscule 677|677]], [[Minuscule 680|680]], [[Minuscule 684|684]], [[Minuscule 685|685]], [[Minuscule 686|686]], [[Minuscule 688|688]], [[Minuscule 689|689]], [[Minuscule 690|690]], [[Minuscule 691|691]], [[Minuscule 692|692]], [[Minuscule 694|694]], [[Minuscule 696|696]], [[Minuscule 698|698]], [[Minuscule 699|699]], [[Minuscule 705|705]], [[Minuscule 707|707]], [[Minuscule 708|708]], [[Minuscule 711|711]], [[Minuscule 714|714]], [[Minuscule 715|715]], [[Minuscule 717|717]], [[Minuscule 718|718]], [[Minuscule 721|721]], [[Minuscule 724|724]], [[Minuscule 725|725]], [[Minuscule 727|727]], [[Minuscule 729|729]], [[Minuscule 730|730]], [[Minuscule 731|731]], [[Minuscule 734|734]], [[Minuscule 736|736]], [[Minuscule 737|737]], [[Minuscule 739 (Gregory-Aland)|739]], [[Minuscule 741 (Gregory-Aland)|741]], [[Minuscule 745 (Gregory-Aland)|745]], [[Minuscule 746 (Gregory-Aland)|746]], [[Minuscule 748 (Gregory-Aland)|748]], [[Minuscule 750 (Gregory-Aland)|750]], [[Minuscule 754 (Gregory-Aland)|754]], [[Minuscule 755 (Gregory-Aland)|755]], [[Minuscule 756 (Gregory-Aland)|756]], [[Minuscule 757 (Gregory-Aland)|757]], [[Minuscule 758 (Gregory-Aland)|758]], [[Minuscule 759 (Gregory-Aland)|759]], [[Minuscule 760 (Gregory-Aland)|760]], [[Minuscule 761 (Gregory-Aland)|761]], [[Minuscule 762 (Gregory-Aland)|762]], [[Minuscule 763 (Gregory-Aland)|763]], [[Minuscule 764 (Gregory-Aland)|764]], [[Minuscule 765 (Gregory-Aland)|765]], [[Minuscule 768 (Gregory-Aland)|768]], [[Minuscule 769 (Gregory-Aland)|769]], [[Minuscule 770 (Gregory-Aland)|770]], [[Minuscule 773 (Gregory-Aland)|773]], [[Minuscule 774 (Gregory-Aland)|774]], [[Minuscule 775 (Gregory-Aland)|775]], [[Minuscule 777 (Gregory-Aland)|777]], [[Minuscule 778 (Gregory-Aland)|778]], [[Minuscule 779 (Gregory-Aland)|779]], [[Minuscule 781 (Gregory-Aland)|781]], [[Minuscule 782 (Gregory-Aland)|782]], [[Minuscule 783 (Gregory-Aland)|783]], [[Minuscule 784 (Gregory-Aland)|784]], [[Minuscule 785 (Gregory-Aland)|785]], [[Minuscule 786 (Gregory-Aland)|786]], [[Minuscule 787 (Gregory-Aland)|787]], [[Minuscule 789 (Gregory-Aland)|789]], [[Minuscule 790 (Gregory-Aland)|790]], [[Minuscule 793 (Gregory-Aland)|793]], [[Minuscule 794 (Gregory-Aland)|794]], [[Minuscule 797 (Gregory-Aland)|797]], [[Minuscule 798|798]], [[Minuscule 799 (Gregory-Aland)|799]], [[Minuscule 801 (Gregory-Aland)|801]], [[Minuscule 802 (Gregory-Aland)|802]], [[Minuscule 806 (Gregory-Aland)|806]], [[Minuscule 808 (Gregory-Aland)|808]], [[Minuscule 809 (Gregory-Aland)|809]], [[Minuscule 811 (Gregory-Aland)|811]], [[Minuscule 818 (Gregory-Aland)|818]], [[Minuscule 819 (Gregory-Aland)|819]], [[Minuscule 820 (Gregory-Aland)|820]], [[Minuscule 824 (Gregory-Aland)|824]], [[Minuscule 825 (Gregory-Aland)|825]], [[Minuscule 830 (Gregory-Aland)|830]], [[Minuscule 831 (Gregory-Aland)|831]], [[Minuscule 833 (Gregory-Aland)|833]], [[Minuscule 834 (Gregory-Aland)|834]], [[Minuscule 835 (Gregory-Aland)|835]], [[Minuscule 836 (Gregory-Aland)|836]], [[Minuscule 839 (Gregory-Aland)|839]], [[Minuscule 840 (Gregory-Aland)|840]], [[Minuscule 841 (Gregory-Aland)|841]], [[Minuscule 843 (Gregory-Aland)|843]], [[Minuscule 844 (Gregory-Aland)|844]], [[Minuscule 845 (Gregory-Aland)|845]], [[Minuscule 846 (Gregory-Aland)|846]], [[Minuscule 848 (Gregory-Aland)|848]], [[Minuscule 852 (Gregory-Aland)|852]], [[Minuscule 853 (Gregory-Aland)|853]], [[Minuscule 857 (Gregory-Aland)|857]], [[Minuscule 858 (Gregory-Aland)|858]], [[Minuscule 860 (Gregory-Aland)|860]], [[Minuscule 861 (Gregory-Aland)|861]], [[Minuscule 862 (Gregory-Aland)|862]], [[Minuscule 864 (Gregory-Aland)|864]], [[Minuscule 866 (Gregory-Aland)|866]], [[Minuscule 867 (Gregory-Aland)|867]], [[Minuscule 868 (Gregory-Aland)|868]], [[Minuscule 870 (Gregory-Aland)|870]], [[Minuscule 877 (Gregory-Aland)|877]], [[Minuscule 880 (Gregory-Aland)|880]], [[Minuscule 884 (Gregory-Aland)|884]], [[Minuscule 886 (Gregory-Aland)|886]], [[Minuscule 887 (Gregory-Aland)|887]], [[Minuscule 889 (Gregory-Aland)|889]], [[Minuscule 890 (Gregory-Aland)|890]], [[Minuscule 893 (Gregory-Aland)|893]], [[Minuscule 894 (Gregory-Aland)|894]], [[Minuscule 896 (Gregory-Aland)|896]], [[Minuscule 897 (Gregory-Aland)|897]], 898, 900, 901, 902, 904, [[Minuscule 905 (Gregory-Aland)|905]], 906, 910, 911, 912, 914, 916, 917 (Paul), [[Minuscule 918 (Gregory-Aland)|918]] (Paul), 919, 920, 921, 924, 928, 936, 937, 938, 942, 943, 944, 945 (Kisah Para Rasul dan Cath.), 950, 951, 952, 953, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 969, 970, 971, 973, 975, 977, 978, 980, 981, 987, 988, 991, 993, [[Minuscule 994 (Gregory-Aland)|994]], 995, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1003, 1004, 1006 (Injil), 1007, 1008, 1010 (?), 1011, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1028, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1036, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1050, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1065, 1067 (kecuali surat-surat Am), 1068, 1069, 1070, 1072, [[Minuscule 1073 (Gregory-Aland)|1073]], [[Minuscule 1074 (Gregory-Aland)|1074]], 1075, [[Minuscule 1076 (Gregory-Aland)|1076]], 1077, [[Minuscule 1078 (Gregory-Aland)|1078]], [[Minuscule 1080 (Gregory-Aland)|1080]], 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1094, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1107, 1110, 1112, 1119, 1121, 1123, 1129, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1161, 1168, 1169, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1176, 1177, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1193, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1217, 1218, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1231, 1241 (hanya Kisah Para Rasul), 1251 (?), 1252, 1254, 1255, 1260, 1264, 1277, 1283, 1285, 1292 (kecuali Am), 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1303, 1305, 1309, 1310, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319 (kecuali Paulus), 1320, 1323, 1324, 1328, 1330, 1331, 1334, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1343, 1345, 1347, 1350a, 1350b, 1351, 1352a, 1354, 1355, [[Minuscule 1356 (Gregory-Aland)|1356]], 1357, 1358, 1359 (kecuali Cath.), 1360, 1362, 1364, 1367, 1370, 1373, 1374, 1377, 1384, 1385, 1392, 1395, 1398 (kecuali Paulus), 1400, 1409 (Injil dan surat-surat Paulus), 1417, 1437, 1438, 1444, 1445, 1447, 1448 (kecuali Cath.), 1449, 1452, 1470, 1476, 1482, 1483, 1492, 1503, 1504, 1506 (Gospels), 1508, 1513, 1514, 1516, 1517, 1520, 1521, 1523 (Paul), 1539, 1540, 1542b (only Luke), 1543, 1545, 1547, 1548, 1556, 1566, 1570, 1572, 1573 (kecuali Paulus?), 1577, 1583, 1594, 1597, 1604, 1605, 1607, 1613, 1614, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1622, 1628, 1636, 1637, 1649, 1656, 1662, 1668, 1672, 1673, 1683, 1693, 1701, 1704 (kecuali Kisah Para Rasul), 1714, 1717, 1720, 1723, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1752, 1754, 1755a, 1755b, 1756, 1757, 1759, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1767, 1768, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1800, 1821, 1826, 1828, 1829, 1835, 1841 (kecuali Wahyu), 1846 (hanya Kisah Para Rasul), 1847, 1849, 1851, 1852 (hanya dalam Kitab Wahyu), 1854 (kecuali Wahyu), 1855, 1856, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1869, 1870, 1872, 1874 (kecuali Paulus), 1876, 1877 (except Paul), 1878, 1879, 1880, 1882, 1883, 1888, 1889, 1891 (kecuali Kisah Para Rasul), 1897, 1899, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1911, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1936,1937, 1938, 1941, 1946, 1948, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1964, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1992, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2009, 2013, 2048, 2096, 2098, 2111, 2119, 2125, 2126, 2127 (kecuali Paulus), 2132, 2133, 2135, 2138 (hanya dalam Kitab Wahyu), 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2144, 2160, 2172, 2173, 2175, 2176, 2177, 2178, 2181, 2183, 2187, 2189, 2191, 2199, 2218, 2221, 2236, 2261, 2266, 2267, 2273, 2275, [[Minuscule 2277|2277]], 2281, 2289, 2295, 2300, 2303, 2306, 2307, 2309, 2310, 2311, 2352, 2355, 2356, 2373, 2376, 2378, 2381, 2382, 2386, 2389, 2390, 2406, 2407, 2409, 2414, 2415, 2418, 2420, 2422, [[Minuscule 2423|2423]], 2424, 2425, 2426, 2430, 2431, [[Minuscule 2437|2437]], 2441, 2442, [[Minuscule 2445|2445]], 2447, 2450, 2451, 2452, 2454, 2455, 2457, 2458, 2459, 2466, 2468, 2475, 2479, 2483, 2484, 2490, [[Minuscule 2491|2491]], 2496, 2497, 2499, 2500, 2501, 2502, 2503, 2507, 2532, 2534, 2536, 2539, 2540, 2545, 2547, 2549, 2550, 2552, 2554, 2555, 2558, 2559, 2562, 2563, 2567, 2571, 2572, 2573, 2578, 2579, 2581, 2584, 2587, 2593, 2600, 2619, 2624, 2626, 2627, 2629, 2631, 2633, 2634, 2635, 2636, 2637, 2639, 2645, 2646, 2649, 2650, 2651, 2653, 2656, 2657, 2658, 2660, 2661, 2665, 2666, 2671, 2673, 2675, 2679, 2690, 2691, 2696, 2698, 2699, 2700, 2704, 2711, 2712, 2716, 2721, 2722, 2723, 2724, 2725, 2727, 2729, 2746, 2760, 2761, 2765, 2767, 2773, 2774, 2775, 2779, 2780, 2781, 2782, 2783, 2784, 2785, 2787, 2790, 2791, 2794, 2815, [[Minuscule 2817|2817]], 2829.<ref>Kurt Aland, and Barbara Aland, "The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism", trans. Erroll F. Rhodes, ''[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]'', Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1995, pp. 129-140.</ref><ref>Kurt Aland, "Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum. Locis parallelis evangeliorum apocryphorum et patrum adhibitis edidit", Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart 1996, p. XXXII.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Nestle|first=Eberhard et Erwin|last2= communiter ediderunt: B. et K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger|title=Novum Testamentum Graece|edition=27|publisher= [[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]] |location=Stuttgart| year=2001|page=714}}</ref>


=== Distribusi naskah teks Bizantin bercorak minuscule menurut abad ===
=== Distribusi naskah teks Bizantin bercorak minuscule menurut abad ===
; 9th century
; Abad ke-9
461, 1080, 1862, 2142, 2500
461, 1080, 1862, 2142, 2500


; Abad ke-9/10
; 9th/10th
399
399


; Abad ke-10
; 10th
14, 27, 29, 34, 36e, 63, 82, 92, 100, 135, 144, 151, 221, 237, 262, 278b, 344, 364, 371, 405, 411, 450, 454, 457, 478, 481, 564, 568, 584, 602, 605, 626, 627, 669, 920, 1055, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1203, 1220, 1223, 1225, 1347, 1351, 1357, 1392, 1417, 1452, 1661, 1720, 1756, 1829, 1851, 1880, 1905, 1920, 1927, 1954, 1997, 1998, 2125, 2373, 2414, 2545, 2722, 2790
14, 27, 29, 34, 36e, 63, 82, 92, 100, 135, 144, 151, 221, 237, 262, 278b, 344, 364, 371, 405, 411, 450, 454, 457, 478, 481, 564, 568, 584, 602, 605, 626, 627, 669, 920, 1055, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1203, 1220, 1223, 1225, 1347, 1351, 1357, 1392, 1417, 1452, 1661, 1720, 1756, 1829, 1851, 1880, 1905, 1920, 1927, 1954, 1997, 1998, 2125, 2373, 2414, 2545, 2722, 2790


; Abad ke-10/11
; 10th/11th
994, 1073, 1701
994, 1073, 1701


; Abad ke-11
; 11th
7p, 8, 12, 20, 23, 24, 25, 37, 39, 40, 50, 65, 68, 75, 77, 83, 89, 98, 108, 112, 123, 125, 126, 127, 133, 137, 142, 143, 148, 150, 177, 186, 194, 195, 197, 200, 207, 208, 210, 212, 215, 236, 250, 259, 272, 276, 277, 278a, 300, 301, 302, 314, 325, 331, 343, 350, 352, 354, 357, 360, 375, 376, 422, 458, 465, 466, 470, 474, 475, 476, 490, 491, 497, 504, 506, 507, 516, 526, 527, 528, 530, 532, 547, 548, 549, 560, 583, 585, 596, 607, 624, 625, 638, 639, 640, 651, 672, 699, 707, 708, 711, 717, 746, 754, 756, 773, 785, 809, 831, 870, 884, 887, 894, 901, 910, 919, 937, 942, 943, 944, 964, 965, 991, 1014, 1028, 1045, 1054, 1056, 1074, 1110, 1123, 1168, 1174, 1187, 1207, 1209, 1211, 1212, 1214, 1221, 1222, 1244, 1277, 1300, 1312, 1314, 1317, 1320, 1324, 1340, 1343, 1373, 1384, 1438, 1444, 1449, 1470, 1483, 1513, 1514, 1517, 1520, 1521, 1545, 1556, 1570, 1607, 1668, 1672, 1693, 1730, 1734, 1738, 1770, 1828, 1835, 1847, 1849, 1870, 1878, 1879, 1888, 1906, 1907, 1916, 1919, 1921, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1946, 1955, 1980, 1981, 1982, 2001, 2007, 2098, 2132, 2133, 2144, 2172, 2176, 2181, 2183, 2199, 2275, 2277, 2281, 2386, 2295, 2307, 2381, 2386, 2430, 2442, 2447, 2451, 2458, 2468, 2475, 2539, 2547, 2559, 2563, 2567, 2571, 2587, 2637, 2649, 2661, 2723, 2746, 2760, 2782, 2787 <br>
7p, 8, 12, 20, 23, 24, 25, 37, 39, 40, 50, 65, 68, 75, 77, 83, 89, 98, 108, 112, 123, 125, 126, 127, 133, 137, 142, 143, 148, 150, 177, 186, 194, 195, 197, 200, 207, 208, 210, 212, 215, 236, 250, 259, 272, 276, 277, 278a, 300, 301, 302, 314, 325, 331, 343, 350, 352, 354, 357, 360, 375, 376, 422, 458, 465, 466, 470, 474, 475, 476, 490, 491, 497, 504, 506, 507, 516, 526, 527, 528, 530, 532, 547, 548, 549, 560, 583, 585, 596, 607, 624, 625, 638, 639, 640, 651, 672, 699, 707, 708, 711, 717, 746, 754, 756, 773, 785, 809, 831, 870, 884, 887, 894, 901, 910, 919, 937, 942, 943, 944, 964, 965, 991, 1014, 1028, 1045, 1054, 1056, 1074, 1110, 1123, 1168, 1174, 1187, 1207, 1209, 1211, 1212, 1214, 1221, 1222, 1244, 1277, 1300, 1312, 1314, 1317, 1320, 1324, 1340, 1343, 1373, 1384, 1438, 1444, 1449, 1470, 1483, 1513, 1514, 1517, 1520, 1521, 1545, 1556, 1570, 1607, 1668, 1672, 1693, 1730, 1734, 1738, 1770, 1828, 1835, 1847, 1849, 1870, 1878, 1879, 1888, 1906, 1907, 1916, 1919, 1921, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1946, 1955, 1980, 1981, 1982, 2001, 2007, 2098, 2132, 2133, 2144, 2172, 2176, 2181, 2183, 2199, 2275, 2277, 2281, 2386, 2295, 2307, 2381, 2386, 2430, 2442, 2447, 2451, 2458, 2468, 2475, 2539, 2547, 2559, 2563, 2567, 2571, 2587, 2637, 2649, 2661, 2723, 2746, 2760, 2782, 2787 <br>
2306 (komposit bagian-bagian dari abad ke-11 sampai ke-14)
2306 (composite of parts from the 11th to the 14th centuries)


; Abad ke-11/12
; 11th/12th
665, 657, 660, 1013, 1188, 1191, 1309, 1358, 1340, 1566, 2389, 2415, 2784
665, 657, 660, 1013, 1188, 1191, 1309, 1358, 1340, 1566, 2389, 2415, 2784


; Abad ke-12
; 12th
2e, 2ap, 3, 9, 11, 15, 21, 32, 44, 46, 49, 57, 73, 76, 78, 80, 84, 95, 97, 105, 110, 111, 116, 119, 120, 122, 129, 132, 134, 138, 139, 140, 146, 156, 159, 162, 183, 187, 193, 196, 199, 202, 203, 217, 224, 226, 231, 240, 244, 245, 247, 261, 264, 267, 268, 269, 270, 275, 280, 281, 282, 297, 304, 306, 319, 320, 329, 334, 337, 347, 351, 353, 355, 356, 366, 374, 387, 392, 395, 396, 401, 407, 408, 419, 438, 439, 443, 452, 471, 485, 499, 502, 505, 509, 510, 514, 518, 520, 524, 529, 531, 535, 538, 550, 551, 556, 570, 571, 580, 587, 618, 620, 622, 637, 650, 662, 673, 674, 688, 692, 721, 736, 748, 750, 760, 765, 768, 770, 774, 777, 778, 779, 782, 787, 793, 799, 808, 843, 857, 860, 862, 877, 893, 896, 902, 911, 916, 922, 924, 936, 950, 967, 971, 973, 975, 980, 987, 993, 998, 1007, 1046, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1112, 1169, 1176, 1186, 1190, 1193, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1217, 1218, 1224, 1231, 1240, 1301, 1315, 1316, 1318, 1323, 1350a, 1355, 1360, 1364, 1375, 1385, 1437, 1539, 1583, 1673, 1683, 1714, 1737, 1752, 1754, 1755a, 1755b, 1800, 1821, 1826, 1872, 1889, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1926, 1951, 1970, 1971, 1974, 1986, 1988, 2013, 2096, 2126, 2135, 2139, 2173, 2177, 2189, 2191, 2289, 2282, 2426, 2437, 2445, 2459, 2490, 2491, 2507, 2536, 2549, 2550, 2552, 2562, 2639, 2650, 2657, 2671, 2700, 2712, 2725, 2727, 2781, 2785, 2791, 2794 <br>
2e, 2ap, 3, 9, 11, 15, 21, 32, 44, 46, 49, 57, 73, 76, 78, 80, 84, 95, 97, 105, 110, 111, 116, 119, 120, 122, 129, 132, 134, 138, 139, 140, 146, 156, 159, 162, 183, 187, 193, 196, 199, 202, 203, 217, 224, 226, 231, 240, 244, 245, 247, 261, 264, 267, 268, 269, 270, 275, 280, 281, 282, 297, 304, 306, 319, 320, 329, 334, 337, 347, 351, 353, 355, 356, 366, 374, 387, 392, 395, 396, 401, 407, 408, 419, 438, 439, 443, 452, 471, 485, 499, 502, 505, 509, 510, 514, 518, 520, 524, 529, 531, 535, 538, 550, 551, 556, 570, 571, 580, 587, 618, 620, 622, 637, 650, 662, 673, 674, 688, 692, 721, 736, 748, 750, 760, 765, 768, 770, 774, 777, 778, 779, 782, 787, 793, 799, 808, 843, 857, 860, 862, 877, 893, 896, 902, 911, 916, 922, 924, 936, 950, 967, 971, 973, 975, 980, 987, 993, 998, 1007, 1046, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1112, 1169, 1176, 1186, 1190, 1193, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1217, 1218, 1224, 1231, 1240, 1301, 1315, 1316, 1318, 1323, 1350a, 1355, 1360, 1364, 1375, 1385, 1437, 1539, 1583, 1673, 1683, 1714, 1737, 1752, 1754, 1755a, 1755b, 1800, 1821, 1826, 1872, 1889, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1926, 1951, 1970, 1971, 1974, 1986, 1988, 2013, 2096, 2126, 2135, 2139, 2173, 2177, 2189, 2191, 2289, 2282, 2426, 2437, 2445, 2459, 2490, 2491, 2507, 2536, 2549, 2550, 2552, 2562, 2639, 2650, 2657, 2671, 2700, 2712, 2725, 2727, 2781, 2785, 2791, 2794 <br>
632 and 1227 (composites of parts from the 12th to the 14th centuries)
632 dan 1227 (composites of parts from the 12th to the 14th centuries)


; Abad ke-12/13
; 12th/13th
905, 906, 1310, 1341, 1897, 2311
905, 906, 1310, 1341, 1897, 2311


; Abad ke-13
; 13th
52, 55 60, 74, 107, 121, 128, 136, 141, 147, 167, 170, 192, 198, 204, 219, 220, 227, 248, 260, 284, 291, 292, 293, 303, 305, 309, 327, 328, 342, 359, 361, 362, 384, 388, 390, 410, 449, 469, 473, 477, 479, 482, 483, 484, 496, 500, 501, 511, 519, 533, 534, 546, 553, 554, 558, 573, 574, 592, 593, 597, 601, 663, 666, 677, 684, 685, 689, 691, 696, 705, 714, 715, 725, 729, 737, 757, 759, 775, 811, 820, 825, 830, 835, 840, 897, 898, 900, 912, 914, 966, 969, 970, 981, 995, 997, 999, 1000, 1004, 1008, 1011, 1015, 1016, 1031, 1050, 1052, 1053, 1057, 1069, 1070, 1072, 1087, 1089, 1094, 1103, 1107, 1129, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1161, 1177, 1201, 1205, 1206, 1208, 1213, 1215, 1226, 1238, 1255, 1285, 1339, 1352a, 1400, 1594, 1597, 1604, 1622, 1717, 1717, 1728, 1731, 1736, 1740, 1742, 1772, 1855, 1858, 1922, 1938, 1941, 1956, 1972, 1992, 2111, 2119, 2140, 2141, 2236, 2353, 2376, 2380, 2390, 2409, 2420, 2423, 2425, 2457, 2479, 2483, 2502, 2534, 2540, 2558, 2568, 2584, 2600, 2624, 2627, 2631, 2633, 2645, 2646, 2658, 2660, 2665, 2670, 2696, 2699, 2724, 2761
52, 55 60, 74, 107, 121, 128, 136, 141, 147, 167, 170, 192, 198, 204, 219, 220, 227, 248, 260, 284, 291, 292, 293, 303, 305, 309, 327, 328, 342, 359, 361, 362, 384, 388, 390, 410, 449, 469, 473, 477, 479, 482, 483, 484, 496, 500, 501, 511, 519, 533, 534, 546, 553, 554, 558, 573, 574, 592, 593, 597, 601, 663, 666, 677, 684, 685, 689, 691, 696, 705, 714, 715, 725, 729, 737, 757, 759, 775, 811, 820, 825, 830, 835, 840, 897, 898, 900, 912, 914, 966, 969, 970, 981, 995, 997, 999, 1000, 1004, 1008, 1011, 1015, 1016, 1031, 1050, 1052, 1053, 1057, 1069, 1070, 1072, 1087, 1089, 1094, 1103, 1107, 1129, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1161, 1177, 1201, 1205, 1206, 1208, 1213, 1215, 1226, 1238, 1255, 1285, 1339, 1352a, 1400, 1594, 1597, 1604, 1622, 1717, 1717, 1728, 1731, 1736, 1740, 1742, 1772, 1855, 1858, 1922, 1938, 1941, 1956, 1972, 1992, 2111, 2119, 2140, 2141, 2236, 2353, 2376, 2380, 2390, 2409, 2420, 2423, 2425, 2457, 2479, 2483, 2502, 2534, 2540, 2558, 2568, 2584, 2600, 2624, 2627, 2631, 2633, 2645, 2646, 2658, 2660, 2665, 2670, 2696, 2699, 2724, 2761


; Abad ke-13/14
; 13th/14th
266, 656, 668, 1334, 2499, 2578
266, 656, 668, 1334, 2499, 2578


; Abad ke-14
; 14th
18, 45, 53, 54, 66, 109, 155, 171, 182, 185, 190, 201, 214, 223, 232, 235, 243, 246, 290, 308, 316, 324, 358, 367, 369, 381, 386, 393, 394, 402, 404, 409, 412, 413, 414, 415, 417, 425, 426, 480, 492, 494, 498, 512, 521, 523, 540, 577, 578, 586, 588, 594, 600, 603, 604, 628, 633, 634, 644, 645, 648, 649, 680, 686, 690, 698, 718, 727, 730, 731, 734, 741, 758, 761, 762, 763, 764, 769, 781, 783, 784, 786, 789, 790, 794, 797, 798, 802, 806, 818, 819, 824, 833, 834, 836, 839, 845, 846, 848, 858, 864, 866a, 867, 889, 890, 904, 921, 928, 938, 951, 952, 953, 959, 960, 977, 978, 1020, 1023, 1032, 1033, 1036, 1061, 1062, 1075, 1099, 1100, 1119, 1121, 1185, 1189, 1196, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1248, 1249, 1252, 1254, 1283, 1328, 1330, 1331, 1345, 1350b, 1356, 1377, 1395, 1445, 1447, 1476, 1492, 1503, 1504, 1516, 1543, 1547, 1548, 1572, 1577, 1605, 1613, 1614, 1619, 1637, 1723, 1725, 1726, 1732, 1733, 1741, 1746, 1747, 1761, 1762, 1771, 1856, 1859, 1899, 1902, 1918, 1928, 1929, 1952, 1975, 2085, 2160, 2261, 2266, 2273, 2303, 2309, 2310, 2355, 2356, 2406, 2407, 2431, 2441, 2454, 2466, 2484, 2503, 2593, 2626, 2629, 2634, 2651, 2653, 2666, 2668, 2679, 2698, 2716, 2765, 2767, 2773, 2774, 2775, 2780, 2783
18, 45, 53, 54, 66, 109, 155, 171, 182, 185, 190, 201, 214, 223, 232, 235, 243, 246, 290, 308, 316, 324, 358, 367, 369, 381, 386, 393, 394, 402, 404, 409, 412, 413, 414, 415, 417, 425, 426, 480, 492, 494, 498, 512, 521, 523, 540, 577, 578, 586, 588, 594, 600, 603, 604, 628, 633, 634, 644, 645, 648, 649, 680, 686, 690, 698, 718, 727, 730, 731, 734, 741, 758, 761, 762, 763, 764, 769, 781, 783, 784, 786, 789, 790, 794, 797, 798, 802, 806, 818, 819, 824, 833, 834, 836, 839, 845, 846, 848, 858, 864, 866a, 867, 889, 890, 904, 921, 928, 938, 951, 952, 953, 959, 960, 977, 978, 1020, 1023, 1032, 1033, 1036, 1061, 1062, 1075, 1099, 1100, 1119, 1121, 1185, 1189, 1196, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1248, 1249, 1252, 1254, 1283, 1328, 1330, 1331, 1345, 1350b, 1356, 1377, 1395, 1445, 1447, 1476, 1492, 1503, 1504, 1516, 1543, 1547, 1548, 1572, 1577, 1605, 1613, 1614, 1619, 1637, 1723, 1725, 1726, 1732, 1733, 1741, 1746, 1747, 1761, 1762, 1771, 1856, 1859, 1899, 1902, 1918, 1928, 1929, 1952, 1975, 2085, 2160, 2261, 2266, 2273, 2303, 2309, 2310, 2355, 2356, 2406, 2407, 2431, 2441, 2454, 2466, 2484, 2503, 2593, 2626, 2629, 2634, 2651, 2653, 2666, 2668, 2679, 2698, 2716, 2765, 2767, 2773, 2774, 2775, 2780, 2783


; Abad ke-15
; 15th
30, 47, 58, 70, 149, 285, 286, 287, 288, 313, 368, 373, 379, 380, 385, 418, 432, 446, 448, 493, 525, 541, 575, 616, 664, 694, 739, 801, 841, 844, 853, 880, 955, 958, 961, 962, 1003, 1017, 1018, 1024, 1026, 1059, 1060, 1105, 1202, 1232, 1233, 1247, 1250, 1260, 1264, 1482, 1508, 1617, 1626, 1628, 1636, 1649, 1656, 1745, 1750, 1757, 1763, 1767, 1876, 1882, 1948, 1957, 1958, 1964, 1978, 2003, 2175, 2178, 2221, 2352, 2418, 2452, 2455, 2554, 2673, 2675, 2691, 2704, 2729
30, 47, 58, 70, 149, 285, 286, 287, 288, 313, 368, 373, 379, 380, 385, 418, 432, 446, 448, 493, 525, 541, 575, 616, 664, 694, 739, 801, 841, 844, 853, 880, 955, 958, 961, 962, 1003, 1017, 1018, 1024, 1026, 1059, 1060, 1105, 1202, 1232, 1233, 1247, 1250, 1260, 1264, 1482, 1508, 1617, 1626, 1628, 1636, 1649, 1656, 1745, 1750, 1757, 1763, 1767, 1876, 1882, 1948, 1957, 1958, 1964, 1978, 2003, 2175, 2178, 2221, 2352, 2418, 2452, 2455, 2554, 2673, 2675, 2691, 2704, 2729


; Abad ke-15/16
; 15th/16th
99, 1367
99, 1367


; Abad ke-16
; 16th
90, 335, 445, 724, 745, 755, 867, 957, 1019, 1030, 1065, 1068, 1088, 1239, 1362, 1370, 1374, 1618, 1749, 1768, 1861, 1883, 1911, 1930, 1931, 1936, 1937, 1979, 2009, 2218, 2378, 2422, 2496, 2501, 2532, 2555, 2572, 2573, 2579, 2635, 2636, 2690, 2711, 2721, 2779
90, 335, 445, 724, 745, 755, 867, 957, 1019, 1030, 1065, 1068, 1088, 1239, 1362, 1370, 1374, 1618, 1749, 1768, 1861, 1883, 1911, 1930, 1931, 1936, 1937, 1979, 2009, 2218, 2378, 2422, 2496, 2501, 2532, 2555, 2572, 2573, 2579, 2635, 2636, 2690, 2711, 2721, 2779


; Abad ke-16/17
; 16th/17th
1371
1371


; Abad ke-17 dan selanjutnya
; 17th and later
289, 868, 956, 963, 988, 1044, 1063, 1101, 1104, 1303, 1748, 1869, 2267, 2450, 2497, 2581, 2619, 2656.<ref>Kurt Aland, and Barbara Aland, "The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism", trans. Erroll F. Rhodes, ''[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]'', Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1995, pp. 140-142.</ref>
289, 868, 956, 963, 988, 1044, 1063, 1101, 1104, 1303, 1748, 1869, 2267, 2450, 2497, 2581, 2619, 2656.<ref>Kurt Aland, and Barbara Aland, "The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism", trans. Erroll F. Rhodes, ''[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]'', Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1995, pp. 140-142.</ref>


== Karakteristik teks Bizantin ==
== Karakteristik teks Bizantin ==
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Compared to [[Alexandrian text-type]] manuscripts, the distinct Byzantine readings tend to show a greater tendency toward smooth and well-formed Greek, they display fewer instances of textual variation between parallel [[Synoptic Gospel]] passages, and they are less likely to present contradictory or "[[Lectio difficilior potior|difficult]]" issues of [[exegesis]].<ref>"The Syrian text has all the appearance of being a careful attempt to supersede the chaos of rival texts by a judicious selection from them all." [[Brooke Foss Westcott]], [[Fenton John Anthony Hort]]. ''The New Testament In The Original Greek'', 1925. p. 551</ref> For example, [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]] 1:2 reads "As it is written in the prophets.." in the Byzantine text; whereas the same verse reads, "As it is written in [[Book of Isaiah|Isaiah]] the prophet.." in all other early textual witnesses. Since the quotation introduced is partly from [[Book of Malachi|Malachi]], the Byzantine form of the verse avoids the difficulty that might be adduced were it to be concluded that Mark was presenting a factual inaccuracy.


Dibandingkan dengan naskah-naskah jenis teks Alexandria, pembacaan-pembacaan Bizantin terpisah cenderung mengarah kepada bahasa Yunani yang lancar dan tersusun rapi, mereka mengandung lebih sedikit variasi di antara bagian-bagian paralel [[Injil Sinoptik]], dan lebih jarang menunjukkan kontradiktori atau persoalan sulit ("Lectio difficilior potior") dalam eksegesis.<ref>"The Syrian text has all the appearance of being a careful attempt to supersede the chaos of rival texts by a judicious selection from them all." [[Brooke Foss Westcott]], [[Fenton John Anthony Hort]]. ''The New Testament In The Original Greek'', 1925. p. 551</ref> Misalnya, [[Injil Markus]] 1:2 berbunyi "Seperti yang tertulis dalam kitab para nabi..." dalam Teks Bizantin; sedangkan ayat yang sama berbunyi, "Seperti yang tertulis dalam [[Kitab Yesaya|kitab nabi Yesaya]].." pada teks-teks awal. Karena sebagian kutipan itu mengandung perkataan dari [[Kitab Maleakhi]], bentuk Bizantin ayat ini menghindarkan kesulitan yang mungkin terjadi yaitu kesimpulan bahwa Markus mungkin mengandung ketidak akuratan fakta.
Another characteristic is the grammar (f.e. οι δε ειπον, in Alexandrian text: οι δε ειπαν) and the different order of words. For example:

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Ciri lain adalah tatabahasa (''grammar'') (f.e. οι δε ειπον, dalam teks Alexandria: οι δε ειπαν) dan urutan kata-kata yang berbeda. Misalnya:
Yohanes 6:49

Yohanes 6:49
:εν τη ερημω το μαννα – codices [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|B]], [[Codex Ephraemi|C]], [[Codex Bezae|D]], T, [[Codex Washingtonianus|W]], [[Codex Koridethi|Θ]]
:εν τη ερημω το μαννα – codices [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|B]], [[Codex Ephraemi|C]], [[Codex Bezae|D]], T, [[Codex Washingtonianus|W]], [[Codex Koridethi|Θ]]
:το μαννα εν τη ερημω – codices [[Codex Sinaiticus|ﬡ]], [[Codex Alexandrinus|A]], [[Codex Regius (New Testament)|L]], [[Codex Athous Lavrentis|Ψ]], [[Family 1|''f''<sup>1</sup>]], [[Family 13|''f''<sup>13</sup>]], mss. of the Byzantine text-type
:το μαννα εν τη ερημω – codices [[Codex Sinaiticus|ﬡ]], [[Codex Alexandrinus|A]], [[Codex Regius (New Testament)|L]], [[Codex Athous Lavrentis|Ψ]], [[Family 1|''f''<sup>1</sup>]], [[Family 13|''f''<sup>13</sup>]], mss. of the Byzantine text-type


Markus 1:9
Markus 1:9
:εις τον Ιορδανην υπο Ιωανου – codices ﬡ, B, D
:εις τον Ιορδανην υπο Ιωανου – codices ﬡ, B, D
:υπο Ιωανου εις τον Ιορδανην – codices A, W, and manuscripts of the Byzantine text-type
:υπο Ιωανου εις τον Ιορδανην – codices A, W, dan naskah-naskah jenis teks Bizantin


Juga, teks Bizantin tidak memuat ayat-ayat yang ada dalam Textus Receptus: Lukas 17:36; Kisah Para Rasul 8:37; 15:34.
Juga, teks Bizantin tidak memuat ayat-ayat yang ada dalam Textus Receptus: Lukas 17:36; Kisah Para Rasul 8:37; 15:34.
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There are no consistent Byzantine witnesses amongst the early New Testament [[papyri (chronology)|papyri]]. Nevertheless, instances of distinctive Byzantine readings are not unusual in the earliest texts — even though they otherwise conform more to other text-types or none. Hence, many (and possibly most) distinctive Byzantine readings are likely to be early in date. Two broad explanations have been offered for this observation:


Tidak ada kesaksian yang konsisten di antara dokumen [[Daftar Papirus Perjanjian Baru|Papirus Perjanjian Baru]]. Namun, pembacaan Bizantin yang berbeda tidak jarang ditemukan pada teks-teks paling awal — meskipun mereka juga sepakat dengan jenis-jenis lain atau sama sekali berbeda.. Karenanya, banyak (dan mungkin kebanyakan) pembacaan Bizantin yang khusus kemungkinan pada tarikh-tarikh awal. Dua penjelasan luas diberikan atas pengamatan ini:
* that the Byzantine text-type transmits a text closest to the primary form of the New Testament books; whose early manuscript witnesses have not survived, as this text-type predominated in regions where the climate did not favour the preservation of papyrus;

* Jenis teks Bizantin menyampaikan teks yang sangat dekat dengan kitab-kitab asli Perjanjian Baru, yang naskahnya sudah tidak ada lagi, karena jenis teks ini terutama ada di daerah-daerah yang iklimnya tidak mendukung pengawetan papirus;
* Jenis teks Bizantin menunjukkan praktik konsisten kompilasi dan koreksi tekstual dari sekitar abad ke-4, penyunting secara eklektik memilih pembacaan-pembacaan ini dari kumpulan naskah-naskah awal, yang paling sesuai dengan standar yang mereka anggap cocok sebagai teks Perjanjian Baru.


* that the Byzantine text represents a consistent exercise in textual compilation and correction from around the 4th century, the editors having eclectically selected those readings from a range of early manuscripts, that best conformed to their presupposed standards of the characteristics to be expected in the New Testament text.
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== Hubungan dengan jenis teks lain ==
== Hubungan dengan jenis teks lain ==


Injil Matius 2:18
Injil Matius 2:18
* κλαυθμος — Codex Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, [[Codex Climaci Rescriptus|0250]], ''f''<sup>1</sup>, it<sup>(q),aur,b,c,f,ff<sup>1</sup>,g<sup>1</sup>, k, l, 1</sup>, vg, syr<sup>p, pal</sup>, cop<sup>sa,bo</sup>, eth
* κλαυθμος — Codex Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, [[Codex Climaci Rescriptus|0250]], ''f''<sup>1</sup>, it<sup>(q),aur,b,c,f,ff<sup>1</sup>,g<sup>1</sup>, k, l, 1</sup>, vg, syr<sup>p, pal</sup>, cop<sup>sa,bo</sup>, eth
* θρηνος και κλαυθμος — C, D, K, L, W, Δ, Π, ''f''<sup>13</sup>, [[Minuscule 28|28]], [[Minuscule 33|33]], [[Minuscule 565|565]], [[Minuscule 700|700]], [[Minuscule 892|892]], 1009, 1010, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1241, 1253, 1365, 1546, 1646, 2148, 2174, Byz
* θρηνος και κλαυθμος — C, D, K, L, W, Δ, Π, ''f''<sup>13</sup>, [[Minuscule 28|28]], [[Minuscule 33|33]], [[Minuscule 565|565]], [[Minuscule 700|700]], [[Minuscule 892|892]], 1009, 1010, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1241, 1253, 1365, 1546, 1646, 2148, 2174, Byz
Baris 195: Baris 196:
* ὁ κριτής — Αlexandrian mss ''f''<sup>1</sup> ''f''<sup>13</sup>
* ὁ κριτής — Αlexandrian mss ''f''<sup>1</sup> ''f''<sup>13</sup>
* δώσει — D
* δώσει — D
* ὁ κριτής σε παραδῷ — K L W Δ Θ Π 28 33 565 700 Byzantine mss
* ὁ κριτής σε παραδῷ — K L W Δ Θ Π 28 33 565 700 naskah Bizantin


Matius 10:4
Matius 10:4
* Θαδδαιος — Alexandrian mss ''f''<sup>13</sup> [[Lectionary 185]] vg
* Θαδδαιος — naskah Alexandria ''f''<sup>13</sup> [[Lectionary 185]] vg
* Λεββαιος — D, d, ([[Codex Bobiensis|k]])
* Λεββαιος — D, d, ([[Codex Bobiensis|k]])
* Λεββαιος ο επικληθεις Θαδδαιος — Byzantine
* Λεββαιος ο επικληθεις Θαδδαιος — Bizantin
* Θαδδαιος ο επικληθεις Λεββαιος — 13 346 543 [[Minuscule 826 (Gregory-Aland)|826]] [[Minuscule 828 (Gregory-Aland)|828]]
* Θαδδαιος ο επικληθεις Λεββαιος — 13 346 543 [[Minuscule 826 (Gregory-Aland)|826]] [[Minuscule 828 (Gregory-Aland)|828]]


Baris 219: Baris 220:


Matius 15:8
Matius 15:8
* εγγιζει μοι ο λαος ουτος τω στοματι αυτων και (''These people draw near to Me with their mouth and'') — C W 0106 (''f''<sup>1</sup>) Byz
* εγγιζει μοι ο λαος ουτος τω στοματι αυτων και (''Orang-orang ini datang mendekati kepada-Ku dengan mulutnya dan'') — C W 0106 (''f''<sup>1</sup>) Byz
* ο λαος ουτος (''These people'') — א B D L Θ 084 ''f''<sup>13</sup> 33 700 892 1424
* ο λαος ουτος (''Orang-orang ini'') — א B D L Θ 084 ''f''<sup>13</sup> 33 700 892 1424


Gospel of Mark 1:13
Injil Markus 1:13
* και ην εν τη ερημω — א, A, B, D, L, Θ, 33, [[Minuscule 579|579]], 892, 1342, [[Minuscule 2427|2427]]
* και ην εν τη ερημω — א, A, B, D, L, Θ, 33, [[Minuscule 579|579]], 892, 1342, [[Minuscule 2427|2427]]
* και ην εκει εν τη ερημω — W, Δ, [[Minuscule 157|157]], 1241, Byz, TR
* και ην εκει εν τη ερημω — W, Δ, [[Minuscule 157|157]], 1241, Byz, TR
* και ην εκει — 28, [[Minuscule 517|517]], 565, 700, ''f''<sup>1</sup>, [[Family Π]], syr<sup>s</sup>
* και ην εκει — 28, [[Minuscule 517|517]], 565, 700, ''f''<sup>1</sup>, [[Family Π]], syr<sup>s</sup>
* Omit — ''f''<sup>13</sup>
* Tidak ada — ''f''<sup>13</sup>
* Hiatus — C, Ψ, syr<sup>c</sup>
* Hiatus — C, Ψ, syr<sup>c</sup>


Gospel of Mark 4:24
Markus 4:24
* και προστεθησεται υμιν — Alexandrian mss
* και προστεθησεται υμιν — naskah-naskah Alexandria
* και προστεθησεται υμιν τοις ακουουσιν — mss of the Byzantine text-type
* και προστεθησεται υμιν τοις ακουουσιν — naskah-naskah Bizantin
* omit — D, W, 565
* Tidak ada — D, W, 565


Gospel of Mark 6:33
Markus 6:33
* εκει και προηλθον αυτους — Codex Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, [[Uncial 0187|0187]] (omit εκει), 892, [[Lectionary 49|'''ℓ''' ''49'']], [[Lectionary 69|'''ℓ''' ''69'']], [[Lectionary 70|'''ℓ''' ''70'']], [[Lectionary 299|'''ℓ''' ''299'']], [[Lectionary 303|'''ℓ''' ''303'']], '''ℓ''' ''333'', '''ℓ''' ''1579'', ('''ℓ''' ''950'' αυτους), it<sup>aur</sup>, vg, ([[Coptic versions of the Bible|cop<sup>sa,bo</sup>]])
* εκει και προηλθον αυτους — Codex Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, [[Uncial 0187|0187]] (omit εκει), 892, [[Lectionary 49|'''ℓ''' ''49'']], [[Lectionary 69|'''ℓ''' ''69'']], [[Lectionary 70|'''ℓ''' ''70'']], [[Lectionary 299|'''ℓ''' ''299'']], [[Lectionary 303|'''ℓ''' ''303'']], '''ℓ''' ''333'', '''ℓ''' ''1579'', ('''ℓ''' ''950'' αυτους), it<sup>aur</sup>, vg, ([[Alkitab bahasa Koptik|cop<sup>sa,bo</sup>]])
* εκει και προσηλθον αυτοις — Codex Regius, [[Minuscule 1241|1241]], (Δ, Θ, [[Lectionary 10|'''ℓ''' ''10'']] αυτοις), [[Lectionary 12|'''ℓ''' ''12'']], [[Lectionary 80|'''ℓ''' ''80'']], [[Lectionary 184|'''ℓ''' ''184'']], [[Lectionary 211|'''ℓ''' ''211'']], '''ℓ''' ''1127'', arm, geo
* εκει και προσηλθον αυτοις — Codex Regius, [[Minuscule 1241|1241]], (Δ, Θ, [[Lectionary 10|'''ℓ''' ''10'']] αυτοις), [[Lectionary 12|'''ℓ''' ''12'']], [[Lectionary 80|'''ℓ''' ''80'']], [[Lectionary 184|'''ℓ''' ''184'']], [[Lectionary 211|'''ℓ''' ''211'']], '''ℓ''' ''1127'', arm, geo
* εκει και συνηλθον αυτου — Codex Bezae (gr), 28, 700
* εκει και συνηλθον αυτου — Codex Bezae (gr), 28, 700
* εκει και ηλθον αυτου — 565, it<sup>(a),d,ff,i,r</sup>, [[Diatessaron]]
* εκει και ηλθον αυτου — 565, it<sup>(a),d,ff,i,r</sup>, [[Diatessaron]]
* και ηλθον εκει — ''f''<sup>1</sup>
* και ηλθον εκει — ''f''<sup>1</sup>
* προηλθον αυτον εκει — [[Peshitta]]
* προηλθον αυτον εκει — [[Pesyita]]
* προς αυτους και συνηλθον προς αυτον — 33
* προς αυτους και συνηλθον προς αυτον — 33
* εκει και προηλθον αυτοις και συνηλθον προς αυτον — K, Π, (''f''<sup>13</sup> συνεισηλθον προς αυτους), 1009, 1010, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1230, 1242, 1365, 1546, 1646, 2148, 2174, Byz
* εκει και προηλθον αυτοις και συνηλθον προς αυτον — K, Π, (''f''<sup>13</sup> συνεισηλθον προς αυτους), 1009, 1010, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1230, 1242, 1365, 1546, 1646, 2148, 2174, Byz
Baris 246: Baris 247:
* εκει — codex W, [[Lectionary 150|'''ℓ''' ''150'']], it<sup>c</sup>
* εκει — codex W, [[Lectionary 150|'''ℓ''' ''150'']], it<sup>c</sup>


Mark 6:51
Markus 6:51
* εξισταντο — Alexandrian mss, 28, vg, syr<sup>s</sup>, cop<sup>sa, bo</sup> geo
* εξισταντο — naskah-naskah Alexandria, 28, vg, syr<sup>s</sup>, cop<sup>sa, bo</sup> geo
* εξεπλησσοντο — ''f''<sup>1</sup>
* εξεπλησσοντο — ''f''<sup>1</sup>
* εξισταντο και αθαυμαζον — A D K W X Θ Π ''f''<sup>13</sup> 33 565 700 Byzantine mss
* εξισταντο και αθαυμαζον — A D K W X Θ Π ''f''<sup>13</sup> 33 565 700 Byzantine mss
* αθαυμαζον και εξισταντο — [[Minuscule 517|517]] [[Minuscule 1424|1424]] Peshitta
* αθαυμαζον και εξισταντο — [[Minuscule 517|517]] [[Minuscule 1424|1424]] Pesyita


Mark 7:8
Markus 7:8
* βαπτισμους ξεστων και ποτηριων και αλλα παρομοια τοιαυτα πολλα ποιειτε (''the washing of pitchers and cups, and many other such things you do'') – (Α) ''f''<sup>13</sup> Byz vg (syr<sup>p</sup>) syr<sup>h</sup>
* βαπτισμους ξεστων και ποτηριων και αλλα παρομοια τοιαυτα πολλα ποιειτε (''pencucian bejana dan cawan, dan banyak hal-hal lain yang engkau lakukan'') – (Α) ''f''<sup>13</sup> Byz vg (syr<sup>p</sup>) syr<sup>h</sup>


Mark 9:49
Markus 9:49
* πας γαρ πυρι αλισθησεται – Alexandrian and Caesarean mss
* πας γαρ πυρι αλισθησεται – naskah Alexandria dan Kaisarea
* πασα γαρ θυσια αλι αλισθησεται – Western mss
* πασα γαρ θυσια αλι αλισθησεται – naskah Western/Barat
* πας γαρ πυρι αλισθησεται και πασα θυσια αλι αλισθησεται – Byzantine mss
* πας γαρ πυρι αλισθησεται και πασα θυσια αλι αλισθησεται – naskah Bizantin


Luke 2:38
Lukas 2:38
* καὶ αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ (''and that hour'') — Alexandrian
* καὶ αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ (dan jam itu; ''and that hour'') — Alexandria
* καὶ αὕτη αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ (''and she in that hour'') — Caesarean and Byzantine
* καὶ αὕτη αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ (dan ia (perempuan) pada jam itu; ''and she in that hour'') — Kaisarea dan Bizantin


Luke 7:10
Lukas 7:10
* δουλον — p<sup>45</sup> א B L W ''f''<sup>1</sup> 700 892 1241 it syr<sup>s, pal</sup> cop<sup>sa, bo</sup> ath? geo
* δουλον — p<sup>45</sup> א B L W ''f''<sup>1</sup> 700 892 1241 it syr<sup>s, pal</sup> cop<sup>sa, bo</sup> ath? geo
* ασθενουντα — D d
* ασθενουντα — D d
* ασθενουντα δουλον — A C K X Δ Θ Π ''f''<sup>13</sup> 28 33 565 892 1009 1010 1071 1079 1195 1216 1230 1242 1253 1344 1365 1546 1646 2148 2174 Byz Lect it<sup>f</sup> vg syr<sup>p, h</sup> goth arm eth? Diatessaron
* ασθενουντα δουλον — A C K X Δ Θ Π ''f''<sup>13</sup> 28 33 565 892 1009 1010 1071 1079 1195 1216 1230 1242 1253 1344 1365 1546 1646 2148 2174 Byz Lect it<sup>f</sup> vg syr<sup>p, h</sup> goth arm eth? Diatessaron


Luke 12:14
Lukas 12:14
* κριτην η μεριστην — Alexandrian mss, ''f''<sup>1</sup>, ''f''<sup>13</sup>, 700, 1241
* κριτην η μεριστην — Alexandrian mss, ''f''<sup>1</sup>, ''f''<sup>13</sup>, 700, 1241
* δικαστην η μεριστην — A, K, W, X, Δ, Θ, Π, [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Ψ]], 565, 1009, 1010, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1230, 1242, 1253, 1344, 1365, 1546, 1646, 2148, 2174, Byz
* δικαστην η μεριστην — A, K, W, X, Δ, Θ, Π, [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Ψ]], 565, 1009, 1010, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1230, 1242, 1253, 1344, 1365, 1546, 1646, 2148, 2174, Byz
Baris 279: Baris 280:
* μεριστην — cop<sup>sa</sup><sup><sup>mss</sup></sup>
* μεριστην — cop<sup>sa</sup><sup><sup>mss</sup></sup>


Last verse in Gospel of Luke (24:53)
Ayat terakhir di Injil Lukas (24:53)
* ευλογουντες τον θεον ("blessing God") — Alexandrian
* ευλογουντες τον θεον (memuliakan Allah, "blessing God") — Alexandria
* αινουντες τον θεον ("praising God") — Western
* αινουντες τον θεον (memuji Allah, "praising God") — Western/Barat
* αινουντες και ευλογουντες τον θεον ("praising and blessing God") — Byzantine
* αινουντες και ευλογουντες τον θεον (memuji dan memuliakan Allah, "praising and blessing God") — Bizantin


John 1:18
Yohanes 1:18
* ο μονογενης υιος — A, C<sup>3</sup>, K, X, Δ, Θ, Π, [[Uncial 063|063]], [[Uncial 0234|0234]], ''f''<sup>1</sup>, ''f''<sup>13</sup>, 28, 565, 700, 892, 1009, 1010, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1230, 1241, 1242, 1253, 1344, 1365, 1546, 1646, 2148, Byz
* ο μονογενης υιος — A, C<sup>3</sup>, K, X, Δ, Θ, Π, [[Uncial 063|063]], [[Uncial 0234|0234]], ''f''<sup>1</sup>, ''f''<sup>13</sup>, 28, 565, 700, 892, 1009, 1010, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1230, 1241, 1242, 1253, 1344, 1365, 1546, 1646, 2148, Byz
* ο μονογενης θεος — p<sup>75</sup>, א<sup>c</sup>, 33, cop<sup>bo</sup>
* ο μονογενης θεος — p<sup>75</sup>, א<sup>c</sup>, 33, cop<sup>bo</sup>
* μονογενης θεος — Alexandrian mss
* μονογενης θεος — naskah-naskah Alexandria


Acts 20:28
Kisah Para Rasul 20:28
* του Θεου (''of the God'') — א B 614 1175 2495 al vg sy bo<sup>ms</sup>
* του Θεου (''of the God''; Allah) — א B 614 1175 2495 al vg sy bo<sup>ms</sup>
* του κυριου (''of the Lord'') — [[Papyrus 74]] [[Codex Alexandrinus|A]] C* D [[Codex Laudianus|E]] Ψ 33 [[Minuscule 36|36]] [[Minuscule 453|453]] [[Minuscule 945|945]] [[Minuscule 1739|1739]] [[Minuscule 1891|1891]]
* του κυριου (''of the Lord''; Tuhan) — [[Papirus 74]] [[Codex Alexandrinus|A]] C* D [[Codex Laudianus|E]] Ψ 33 [[Minuscule 36|36]] [[Minuscule 453|453]] [[Minuscule 945|945]] [[Minuscule 1739|1739]] [[Minuscule 1891|1891]]
* του κυριου και του Θεου (''of the Lord and God'') — C<sup>3</sup> Byz
* του κυριου και του Θεου (''of the Lord and God''; Tuhan dan Allah) — C<sup>3</sup> Byz


Acts 27:41
Kisah Para Rasul 27:41
: υπο της βιας των κυματων — <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>74</sup>, C, P, 049, 056, 0142, (א<sup>c</sup>, [[Minuscule 104|104]] απο), 33, 81, 88, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, ([[Minuscule 629|629]] των ανεμων), 630, 945, 1241, 1505, 1739, 1877, 2127, 2412, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect, syr<sup>p, h</sup>, cop, eth<sup>pp</sup>
: υπο της βιας των κυματων — <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>74</sup>, C, P, 049, 056, 0142, (א<sup>c</sup>, [[Minuscule 104|104]] απο), 33, 81, 88, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, ([[Minuscule 629|629]] των ανεμων), 630, 945, 1241, 1505, 1739, 1877, 2127, 2412, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect, syr<sup>p, h</sup>, cop, eth<sup>pp</sup>
: υπο της βιας — א, A, B, arm, geo
: υπο της βιας — א, A, B, arm, geo
: υπο των κυματων — Ψ ('''ℓ''' ''1441'' των κυματων with obeli and omitted υπο)
: υπο των κυματων — Ψ ('''ℓ''' ''1441'' των κυματων dengan ''obeli'' dan menghilangkan υπο)


In Romans 8:1
Roma 8:1
: Ιησου – א, B, D, G, 1739, 1881, it<sup>d, g</sup>, cop<sup>sa, bo</sup>, eth
: Ιησου – א, B, D, G, 1739, 1881, it<sup>d, g</sup>, cop<sup>sa, bo</sup>, eth
: Ιησου μη κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν – A, [[Codex Claromontanus|D<sup>b</sup>]], [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Ψ]], [[Minuscule 81|81]], 629, 2127, vg
: Ιησου μη κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν – A, [[Codex Claromontanus|D<sup>b</sup>]], [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Ψ]], [[Minuscule 81|81]], 629, 2127, vg
: Ιησου μη κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν αλλα κατα πνευμα – א<sup>c</sup>, D<sup>c</sup>, [[Codex Mosquensis I|K]], [[Codex Porphyrianus|P]], 33, [[Minuscule 88|88]], [[Minuscule 104|104]], [[Minuscule 181|181]], [[Minuscule 326|326]], [[Minuscule 330|330]], ([[Minuscule 436|436]] omit μη), [[Minuscule 456|456]], [[Minuscule 614|614]], [[Minuscule 630|630]], [[Minuscule 1241|1241]], 1877, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect<ref>UBS3, p. 548. </ref>
: Ιησου μη κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν αλλα κατα πνευμα – א<sup>c</sup>, D<sup>c</sup>, [[Codex Mosquensis I|K]], [[Codex Porphyrianus|P]], 33, [[Minuscule 88|88]], [[Minuscule 104|104]], [[Minuscule 181|181]], [[Minuscule 326|326]], [[Minuscule 330|330]], ([[Minuscule 436|436]] omit μη), [[Minuscule 456|456]], [[Minuscule 614|614]], [[Minuscule 630|630]], [[Minuscule 1241|1241]], 1877, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect<ref>UBS3, p. 548.</ref>


1 Corinthians 2:1
1 Korintus 2:1
: μυστηριον – <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>46</sup>, א, Α, C, 88, 436, it<sup>a,r</sup>, syr<sup>p</sup>, cop<sup>bo</sup>
: μυστηριον – <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>46</sup>, א, Α, C, 88, 436, it<sup>a,r</sup>, syr<sup>p</sup>, cop<sup>bo</sup>
: μαρτυριον – B D G P Ψ 33 81 104 181 326 330 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect it vg syr<sup>h</sup> cop<sup>sa</sup> arm eth
: μαρτυριον – B D G P Ψ 33 81 104 181 326 330 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect it vg syr<sup>h</sup> cop<sup>sa</sup> arm eth
: ευαγγελιον – Theodoret
: ευαγγελιον – Theodoret
: σωτηριον – 489, '''ℓ''' ''598''<sup>pt</sup>, '''ℓ''' ''599''<ref>UBS3, p. 581. </ref>
: σωτηριον – 489, '''ℓ''' ''598''<sup>pt</sup>, '''ℓ''' ''599''<ref>UBS3, p. 581.</ref>


1 Corinthians 7:5
1 Korintus 7:5
: τη προσευχη (''prayer'') along with [[Papyrus 11|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>11</sup>]], <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>46</sup>, א*, A, [[Codex Vaticanus|B]], C, D, G, P, Ψ, 33, 81, [[Minuscule 104|104]], [[Minuscule 181|181]], 629, 630, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, it vg, cop, arm, eth
: τη προσευχη ("berdoa"; ''prayer'') bersama [[Papirus 11|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>11</sup>]], <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>46</sup>, א*, A, [[Codex Vaticanus|B]], C, D, G, P, Ψ, 33, 81, [[Minuscule 104|104]], [[Minuscule 181|181]], 629, 630, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, it vg, cop, arm, eth
: τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη (''fasting and prayer'') – א<sup>c</sup>, K, L, 88, 326, 436, 614, 1241, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect, syr<sup>p,h</sup>, goth; there is also reading τη προσευχη και νηστεια (''prayer and fasting'') – 330, 451, John of Damascus.<ref>UBS3, p. 591. </ref>
: τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη ("berpuasa dan berdoa"; ''fasting and prayer'') – א<sup>c</sup>, K, L, 88, 326, 436, 614, 1241, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect, syr<sup>p,h</sup>, goth; there is also reading τη προσευχη και νηστεια ("berdoa dan berpuasa"; ''prayer and fasting'') – 330, 451, [[Yohanes dari Damaskus]].<ref>UBS3, p. 591.</ref>


1 Corinthians 11:24
1 Korintus 11:24
: υμων — <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>46</sup>, א*, A, B, C*, 33, 1739, arm
: υμων — <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>46</sup>, א*, A, B, C*, 33, 1739, arm
: υμων κλωμενον — א<sup>c</sup>, C<sup>3</sup>, D<sup>b,c</sup>, G, K, Ψ, 81, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 629, 630, 1241, 1739<sup>mg</sup>, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect
: υμων κλωμενον — א<sup>c</sup>, C<sup>3</sup>, D<sup>b,c</sup>, G, K, Ψ, 81, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 629, 630, 1241, 1739<sup>mg</sup>, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect
Baris 320: Baris 321:
: υμων διδομενον — c, dem, f, t, x, z<sup>c</sup>, vg (''tradetur''), cop, eth
: υμων διδομενον — c, dem, f, t, x, z<sup>c</sup>, vg (''tradetur''), cop, eth


Dalam Markus 6:33 dan Lukas 24:53 jenis teks Bizantin tampak seperti kombinasi Teks Alexandria dan Teks Barat. Di sisi lain situasinya lebih rumit. Markus 1:13 tampak seperti kombinasi teks Alexandria dan Kaisarea.
In Mark 6:33 and Luke 24:53 the Byzantine text-type looks like a combination of the Alexandrian and the Western text. In other cases situation is more complicated. Mark 1:13 looks like a combination of the Alexandrian and the Caesarean text.


== Origin of the Byzantine text ==
== Asal usul Teks Byzantine ==
Di antara yang percaya bahwa teks Bizantin hanyalah saksi kedua dari naskah asli, terjadi debat mengenai asal teks Bizantin dan alasan penyebarannya yang luas. Pendapat-pendapat yang diberikan antara lain bahwa:
Among those who believe that the Byzantine text is only a secondary witness to the autograph, there is some debate concerning the origin of the Byzantine text and the reason for its widespread use. The suggestions that have been put forward are:


* That [[Lucian of Antioch]] used his [[Textual criticism|text critical]] skills to produce a [[recension]]. ([[Jerome]] makes reference to Lucian's recension of the old testament only).
* [[Lucian dari Antiokhia]] menggunakan keahlian kritik teksnya untuk menghasilkan sebuah "resensi" (''recension''). ([[Hieronimus]]/Jerome mengacu kepada resensi Lucian untuk Perjanjian Lama saja).
* [[Konstantinus I]] membiayai penyebaran naskah-naskah dari sebuah sumber yang sama. (Ada sejumlah rujukan oleh [[Eusebius dari Kaisarea]] bahwa Konstantinus membiayai produksi 50 buah Alkitab).
* That [[Constantine I]] paid for the wide distribution of manuscripts which came from a common source. (There are several references by [[Eusebius of Caesarea]] to Constantine paying for [[Fifty Bibles of Constantine|manuscript production]]).
* That after the [[Western Roman Empire]] stopped using Greek, and because of [[Barbarian]] and [[Muslim]] invasions, eliminating the possibility for either [[Early centers of Christianity#Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] or [[Early centers of Christianity#Caesarea|Caesarea]] to exercise any further influence on the text of the Greek New Testament.<ref>{{Cite book
* Setelah [[Kekaisaran Romawi Barat]] berhenti menggunakan bahasa Yunani, dan karena serangan kaum [[Barbarian]] dan [[Muslim]], menghilangkan kemungkinan pusat kekristenan kuno [[Yerusalem]] maupun [[Kaisarea]] untuk memberikan pengaruh lebih jauh terhadap teks Perjanjian Baru bahasa Yunani.<ref>{{Cite book
| last = Aland
|last = Aland
| first = Kurt
|first = Kurt
| authorlink = Kurt Aland
|authorlink = Kurt Aland
| coauthors = and Barbara Aland; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)
|coauthors = and Barbara Aland; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)
| title = The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism
|title = The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism
| publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]
|publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]
| year = 1995
|year = 1995
| location = Grand Rapids
|location = Grand Rapids
|page = [https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt/page/67 67]
| page = 67
|url = https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt
| url =
| isbn = 0-8028-4098-1}}</ref> The only church to actively preserve the Greek text was the [[Byzantine church]], which exercised central control from the [[Apostolic See]] of [[Early centers of Christianity#Antioch|Antioch]] and withstood the Muslims until the 15th century, see also [[State church of the Roman Empire]].
|isbn = 0-8028-4098-1}}</ref> Satu-satunya gereja yang aktif mempertahankan teks bahasa Yunani adalah [[Gereja Bizantin]], yang menduduki kuasa pusat dari ''Apostolic See'' di pusat kekristenan [[Antiokhia]] dan bertahan dari serangan kaum Muslim sampai abad ke-15.


Teks Bizantin standar yang digunakan oleh Gereja Ortodoks Yunani didukung oleh naskah-naskah minuscule akhir dan naskah-naskah tertuanya ditulis pada abad ke-9. Teks Bizantin awal berbeda dengan teks akhir di 3000 tempat dan lebih dekat ke teks Alexandria. Famili Teks Bizantin awal seperti family E and Π, oleh Kurt Aland tidak digolongkan sebagai naskah Bizantin, dan beberapa di antaranya dimasukkan sebagai Kategori III naskah Perjanjian Baru Yunani. Semua naskah teks Bizantin standar dimasukkan oleh Aland ke dalam Kategori V.
The standard Byzantine text used by Greek Orthodox Church is supported by late minuscule manuscripts and the oldest manuscripts were written in the 9th century. The early Byzantine text is different from the late Byzantine text in 3000 places and it is near to the Alexandrian text. Early Byzantine families as family E and Π, Kurt Aland did not classified as the Byzantine manuscripts, and some of them he placed to the Category III of the Greek New Testament manuscripts. All manuscripts with standard Byzantine text Aland placed to Category V.


== Textus Receptus ==
== Textus Receptus ==


The first printed edition of the Greek New Testament was completed by [[Erasmus]] and published by [[Johann Froben]] of Basel on March 1, 1516 ([[Novum Instrumentum omne]]). Due to the pressure of his publisher to bring their edition to market before the competing [[Complutensian Polyglot Bible|Complutensian Polyglot]], Erasmus based his work on around a half-dozen manuscripts, all of which dated from the twelfth century or later; and only one of which was not of the Byzantine text-type. Six verses that were not witnessed in any of these sources, he back-translated from the Latin [[Vulgate]], and he also introduced many readings from the Vulgate and [[Church Fathers]]. This text came to be known as the ''[[Textus Receptus]]'' or ''received text'' after being thus termed by [[Bonaventura Elzevir]], an enterprising publisher from the Netherlands, in his 1633 edition of Erasmus' text. The New Testament of the [[King James Version]] of the Bible was translated from editions of what was to become the ''Textus Receptus''. If the "Majority Text" of Hodges and Farstad is taken to be the standard for the Byzantine text-type, then The Textus Receptus differs from this in 1,838 Greek readings, of which 1,005 represent "translatable" differences.<ref>Michael D. Marlowe states:[http://www.bible-researcher.com/majority.html] ''yet it differs from the Received Text in about a thousand places, most of them being trivial.'' while [[Daniel B. Wallace]] [http://www.bible.org/page.php?page_id=673] ''has counted 1,838 differences between it and the Textus Receptus''.</ref>
Edisi cetak pertama Perjanjian Baru Yunani dibuat lengkap oleh [[Erasmus]] serta diterbitkan oleh [[Johann Froben]] dari Basel pada tanggal 1 Maret 1516 ([[Novum Instrumentum omne]]). Karena tekanan dari penerbit untuk memasarkan edisi mereka sebelum munculnya saingan dari "Complutensian Polyglot Bible", Erasmus mendasari karyanya dari setengah lusin naskah, semuanya dari abad ke-12 atau sesudahnya; dan hanya satu yang bukan teks Bizantin. Enam ayat yang tidak ada dalam sumber-sumber ini diterjemahkannya dari versi Latin [[Vulgata]], dan ia juga memasukkan banyak pembacaan dari Vulgata dan tulisan-tulisan para [[Bapa Gereja]] (khusunya pada abad pertama sampai ketiga Masehi).<ref>[http://www.free-brethren.com/receptus.html Textus Receptus Defended]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tulisan ini dikenal sebagai ''[[Textus Receptus]]'' atau "Teks yang diterima" ( ''received text'') menurut penyebutan oleh [[Bonaventura Elzevir]], sebuah penerbit dari [[Belanda]], dalam edisi tahun 1633 teks Erasmus terbitannya. Perjanjian Baru dalam [[Alkitab]] [[versi Raja James]] diterjemahkan dari ''Textus Receptus''. Jika "Majority Text" "Hodges and Farstad" dipakai sebagai standar untuk Teks Bizantin, maka terdapat 1838 perbedaan pembacaan Yunani dengan Textus Receptus, di mana 1005 di antaranya adalah perbedaan yang dapat diterjemahkan.<ref>Michael D. Marlowe states:[http://www.bible-researcher.com/majority.html] ''yet it differs from the Received Text in about a thousand places, most of them being trivial.'' while [[Daniel B. Wallace]] [http://www.bible.org/page.php?page_id=673] ''has counted 1,838 differences between it and the Textus Receptus''.</ref>


== Teks Kritikal Modern ==
== Teks Kritikal Modern ==


[[Karl Konrad Friedrich Wilhelm Lachmann|Karl Lachmann]] (1850) was the first New Testament textual critic to produce an edition that broke with the ''Textus Receptus'', relying mainly instead on manuscripts from the [[Alexandrian text-type]]. Although the majority of New Testament textual critics now favor a text that is [[Alexandrian text-type|Alexandrian]] in complexion, especially after the publication of [[Brooke Foss Westcott|Westcott]] and [[Fenton John Anthony Hort|Hort]]'s edition, there remain some proponents of the Byzantine text-type as the type of text most similar to the autographs. These critics include the editors of the Hodges and Farstad text (cited below), and the Robinson and Pierpoint text. Depending on which modern critical text is taken as an exemplar of the Alexandrian text-type, then this will differ from the Hodges and Farstad text in around 6,500 readings (Wallace 1989).
[[:en:Karl Konrad Friedrich Wilhelm Lachmann|Karl Lachmann]] (1850) adalah kritik tekstual Perjanjian Baru pertama yang menerbitkan edisi berlainan dengan ''Textus Receptus'', bergantung terutama kepada naskah-naskah dari jenis teks Alexandria. Meskipun mayoritas kritikus tekstual Perjanjian Baru sekarang lebih mendukung jenis teks Alexandria dalam kompleksi, khususnya setelah penerbitan edisi karya [[:en:Brooke Foss Westcott|Westcott]] dan [[:en:Fenton John Anthony Hort|Hort]], ada sejumlah pendukung jenis teks Bizantin sebagai jenis teks yang paling mirip dengan aslinya. Kritikus ini termasuk para editor dari teks "Hodges and Farstad", dan teks "Robinson and Pierpoint". Tergantung dari teks kritikal modern mana yang diambil sebagai contoh jenis teks Alexandria, terdapat sekitar 6500 perbedaan pembacaan dengan teks "Hodges and Farstad" (Wallace 1989).


To give a feel for the difference between the Byzantine form of text and the [[Textual criticism#Eclecticism|Eclectic]] text, which is mainly Alexandrian in character, of 800 variation units in the [[Epistle of James]] collected by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research, the Byzantine and Eclectic texts are in agreement in 731 of the places (a rate of 92.3%). Many of the 69 disagreements involve differences in word order and other variants that do not appear as translatable differences in English versions. According to the preface to the [[New King James Version]] of the Bible, the [[Textus Receptus]], the [[Alexandrian text-type]] and the Byzantine text-type are 85% identical (that is, of the variations that occur in any manuscript, only 15% actually differ between these three).
Untuk memberi gambaran perbedaan antara jenis teks Bizantin dan Eclectic, yang umumnya bercorak Alexandria, dari 800 unit variasi dalam [[Surat Yakobus]] yang dikoleksi oleh "Institute for New Testament Textual Research", teks Bizantin dan Eclectic sama di 731 tempat (92.3%). Banyak di antara 69 ketidakcocokan meliputi perbedaan urutan kata dan variasi yang tidak muncul sebagai perbedaan terjemahan bahasa Inggris. Menurut Pendahuluan terjemahan Alkitab [[New King James Version]] (bahasa Inggris), teks-teks [[Textus Receptus]], Alexandria dan Bizantin mengandung 85% kesamaan (artinya, di antara variasi-variasi yang terdapat di berbagai naskah, hanya 15% sesungguhnya berbeda di antara ketiga jenis ini).


The Byzantine type is also found in modern [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]] editions. A new scholarly edition of the Byzantine Text of John's gospel, (funded by the [[United Bible Societies]] in response to a request from Eastern Orthodox Scholars), was begun in [[Birmingham]], UK. and in 2007, as a result of these efforts, ''The Gospel According to John'' in the Byzantine Tradition was issued.
Jenis teks Bizantin juga ditemukan dalam edisi modern Gereja Ortodoks Timur/Yunani. Edisi ilmiah baru Teks Bizantin dari Injil Yohanes, (didanai oleh [[United Bible Societies]] dalam merespons permintaan dari ''Eastern Orthodox Scholars''), dimulai di [[Birmingham]], Inggris, dan pada tahun 2007, menghasilkan penerbitan ''The Gospel According to John'' dalam tradisi Bizantin.


Von Soden divided manuscripts of the Byzantine text into five groups:
Von Soden membagi manuskrip/naskah teks Bizantin menjadi lima grup:
* K<sup>x</sup> — no uncials, hundreds of minuscules, among them codex [[Minuscule 2|2]], [[Minuscule 3|3]], [[Minuscule 8|8]], 14, 45, 47, 49, 51, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 73, 75, 76, 78, etc.
* K<sup>x</sup> — tidak ada uncial, ratusan minuscule, di antaranya codex [[Minuscule 2|2]], [[Minuscule 3|3]], [[Minuscule 8|8]], 14, 45, 47, 49, 51, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 73, 75, 76, 78, etc.
* K<sup>r</sup> — no uncials, no early minuscules, hundreds of minuscules: 18, 35, 55, 66, 83, 128, 141, 147, 155, 167, 170, 189, 201
* K<sup>r</sup> — tidak ada uncial, tidak ada minuscule awal, ratusan minuscule: 18, 35, 55, 66, 83, 128, 141, 147, 155, 167, 170, 189, 201
* K<sup>1</sup> (subfamily of K<sup>x</sup>) — S V Ω 461
* K<sup>1</sup> (subfamily of K<sup>x</sup>) — S V Ω 461
* K<sup>i</sup> (Family E) — [[Codex Basilensis A. N. III. 12|E]] [[Codex Boreelianus|F]] [[Codex Seidelianus I|G]] [[Codex Seidelianus II|H]]
* K<sup>i</sup> (Family E) — [[Codex Basilensis A. N. III. 12|E]] [[Codex Boreelianus|F]] [[Codex Seidelianus I|G]] [[Codex Seidelianus II|H]]
* I<sup>k</sup> (also K<sup>a</sup>), now Family Π — (A) K Y Π; this subgroup is the oldest, but only 5% of manuscripts belong to it. Majority of them have text mixed with other Byzantine subfamilies.
* I<sup>k</sup> (juga K<sup>a</sup>), sekarang Family Π — (A) K Y Π; subgrup ini adalah yang tertua, tetapi hanya berisi 5% naskah. Mayoritasnya berisi teks yang tercampur dengan subfamili Bizantin lain.


Since the discovery of the [[Papyrus 45]], [[Papyrus 46]], and [[Papyrus 66]], proof is available that occasionally the Byzantine text preserves a reading that dates from early witness. Examples:
Sejak penemuan [[Papirus 45]], [[Papirus 46]], dan [[Papirus 66]], terdapat bukti bahwa kadang kala teks Bizantin mempertahankan pembacaan yang berasal dari saksi-saksi awal. Misalnya:


Luke 10:39
{{Alkitab|Lukas 10:39}}
: Ιησου — p<sup>45</sup> p<sup>75</sup> A W Byz b
: Ιησου — p<sup>45</sup> p<sup>75</sup> A W Byz b
: κυριου — א B D L Ξ 579 892 cop<sup>bo</sup> syr<sup>c</sup>
: κυριου — א B D L Ξ 579 892 cop<sup>bo</sup> syr<sup>c</sup>
Luke 10:42
Lukas 10:42
: ενος δε εστιν χρεια — p<sup>45</sup> p<sup>75</sup> A C W Byz
: ενος δε εστιν χρεια — p<sup>45</sup> p<sup>75</sup> A C W Byz
: ολιγων δε χρεια εστιν η ενος — B
: ολιγων δε χρεια εστιν η ενος — B
: ολιγων δε εστιν η ενος — א
: ολιγων δε εστιν η ενος — א
: ολιγων δε εστιν χρεια — 38 syr<sup>pal</sup><ref>[[Gordon D. Fee]], ''P75, P66, and Origen: The Myth of Early Textual Recension in Alexandria'', p. 253.</ref>
: ολιγων δε εστιν χρεια — 38 syr<sup>pal</sup><ref>[[Gordon D. Fee]], ''P75, P66, and Origen: The Myth of Early Textual Recension in Alexandria'', p. 253.</ref>
Luke 11:33
Lukas 11:33
: φῶς — א B F Θ ''f''<sup>1</sup> ''f''<sup>13</sup>
: φῶς — א B F Θ ''f''<sup>1</sup> ''f''<sup>13</sup>
: φέγγος — p<sup>45</sup> 33 Byz
: φέγγος — p<sup>45</sup> 33 Byz

John 10:29
Yohanes 10:29
: ὃ ... μεῖζον — B it
: ὃ ... μεῖζον — B it
: ὃς ... μείζων — p<sup>66</sup> ''f''<sup>1</sup> ''f''<sup>13</sup> Byz
: ὃς ... μείζων — p<sup>66</sup> ''f''<sup>1</sup> ''f''<sup>13</sup> Byz
John 11:32
Yohanes 11:32
: πρός — א B C* D L X
: πρός — א B C* D L X
: εἰς — p<sup>66</sup> Θ Byz
: εἰς — p<sup>66</sup> Θ Byz
John 13:26
Yohanes 13:26
: βάψας — א B C L X 33
: βάψας — א B C L X 33
: καὶ ἐμβάψας — p<sup>66<sup>c</sup></sup> A Θ
: καὶ ἐμβάψας — p<sup>66<sup>c</sup></sup> A Θ

Acts 17:13
Kisah Para Rasul 17:13
: ταράσσοντες —
: ταράσσοντες —
: omitted — p<sup>45</sup> E Byz
: omitted — p<sup>45</sup> E Byz

1 Corinthians 9:7
1 Korintus 9:7
: τὸν καρπόν — א* A B D* G P
: τὸν καρπόν — א* A B D* G P
: ἐκ τοῦ καρποῦ — p<sup>46</sup> Byz
: ἐκ τοῦ καρποῦ — p<sup>46</sup> Byz

Ephesians 5:9
Efesus 5:9
: φωτός — א* A B D* G P
: φωτός — א* A B D* G P
: πνεύματος — p<sup>46</sup> Byz
: πνεύματος — p<sup>46</sup> Byz


Philippians 1:14
{{Alkitab|Filipi 1:14}}
: του θεου – א A B (D*) P Ψ 33 81 104 326 365 629 1175 1241 2464
: του θεου – א A B (D*) P Ψ 33 81 104 326 365 629 1175 1241 2464
: omitted – p<sup>46</sup> D<sup>2</sup> Byz
: omitted – p<sup>46</sup> D<sup>2</sup> Byz

Other examples of Byzantine readings were found in p<sup>66</sup> in John 1:32; 3:24; 4:14.51; 5:8; 6:10.57; 7:3.39; 8:41.51.55; 9:23; 10:38; 12:36; 14:17. This supports the views of scholars such as Harry Sturz and Maurice Robinson that the roots of the Byzantine text may go back to a very early date; although Bruce Metzger points out that this cannot be taken to demonstrate that these readings were in the original text.<ref>Bruce M. Metzger, ''Chapters in the History of New Testament Textual Criticism'', Wm. B. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids 1963, p. 38</ref> Some authors have interpreted this as a rehabilitation of Textus Receptus.<ref>[[Edward F. Hills]], ''Dean Burgon in the Light of Recent Research''; [[D. A. Waite]], ''Defending the King James Bible'', Bible For Today, Collingswood, New Jersey 2004.</ref> Many of these readings have substantial support from other text-types and they are not distinctively Byzantine. Daniel Wallace found only two distinctively papyrus-Byzantine agreements. The strongest Sturzs point is omission in Philippians 1:14, the reading adopted in NA26/UBS.<ref>D. Wallcae, ''The Majority Text Theory: History, Methods, and Critique'', in Studies & Documents 1995, p. 303</ref>
Contoh lain pembacaan jenis teks Bizantin ditemukan di p<sup>66</sup> dalam {{Alkitab|Yohanes 1:32; 3:24; 4:14.51; 5:8; 6:10.57; 7:3.39; 8:41.51.55; 9:23; 10:38; 12:36; 14:17}}. Ini mendukung pandangan pakar-pakar seperti Harry Sturz dan Maurice Robinson bahwa akar teks Bizantin jauh di tarikh awal; meskipun Bruce Metzger berpendapat tidak dapat dibuktikan bahwa bagian-bagian ini ada di naskah aslinya.<ref>Bruce M. Metzger, ''Chapters in the History of New Testament Textual Criticism'', Wm. B. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids 1963, p. 38</ref> Sejumlah pengarang menafsirkannya sebagai rehabilitasi [[Textus Receptus]].<ref>[[Edward F. Hills]], ''Dean Burgon in the Light of Recent Research''; [[D. A. Waite]], ''Defending the King James Bible'', Bible For Today, Collingswood, New Jersey 2004.</ref> Banyak pembacaan ini mempunyai dukungan kuat dari jenis teks lain dan bukan ciri khusus Bizantin. Daniel Wallace menemukan hanya dua kesepakatan khas Bizantin papirus. Yang terkuat menurut Sturzs adalah ketiadaan dalam Filipi 1:14, pembacaan yang dipakai di NA26/UBS.<ref>D. Wallcae, ''The Majority Text Theory: History, Methods, and Critique'', in Studies & Documents 1995, p. 303</ref>


== Lihat pula ==
== Lihat pula ==
Baris 410: Baris 416:


=== Jenis teks lain ===
=== Jenis teks lain ===
* [[Kategori Naskah Perjanjian Baru]]
* [[Categories of New Testament manuscripts]]
* [[Alexandrian text-type]]
* [[Teks Alexandria]]
* [[Caesarean text-type]]
* [[Teks Kaisarea]]
* [[Western text-type]]
* [[Teks Western]]
* [[Textus Receptus]]
* [[Textus Receptus]]


Baris 425: Baris 431:


== Pustaka tambahan ==
== Pustaka tambahan ==
* [http://www.amazon.com/Greek-New-Testament-Beginning-Readers/dp/3941750240/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1281911821&sr=8-2 ''The Greek New Testament for Beginning Readers - Byzantine Textform'', The Greek Text & Verb Parsing as Compiled by Maurice A. Robinson & William G. Pierpont, Lexical Information & Layout by John Jeffrey Dodson, VTR Publications, 2010. ISBN 978-3-941750-24-1.]
* [http://www.amazon.com/Greek-New-Testament-Beginning-Readers/dp/3941750240/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1281911821&sr=8-2 ''The Greek New Testament for Beginning Readers - Byzantine Textform'', The Greek Text & Verb Parsing as Compiled by Maurice A. Robinson & William G. Pierpont, Lexical Information & Layout by John Jeffrey Dodson, VTR Publications, 2010.] ISBN 978-3-941750-24-1.
* Harry A. Sturz, The Byzantine Text-Type & New Testament Textual Criticism (1984).
* Harry A. Sturz, The Byzantine Text-Type & New Testament Textual Criticism (1984).
* ''The Greek New Testament According to the Majority Text'', Second Edition, Edited by Zane C. Hodges and Arthur L. Farstad, Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville, 1985. ISBN 0-8407-4963-5.
* ''The Greek New Testament According to the Majority Text'', Second Edition, Edited by Zane C. Hodges and Arthur L. Farstad, Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville, 1985. ISBN 0-8407-4963-5.
Baris 438: Baris 444:
* Klaus Wachtel, ''Der Byzantinische Text Der Katholischen Briefe'' (Universität Münster, 1994).
* Klaus Wachtel, ''Der Byzantinische Text Der Katholischen Briefe'' (Universität Münster, 1994).


== Pranala luar ==
==External links==
* [http://byztxt.com/ Online version of ''The New Testament in the Original Greek – Byzantine Textform 2005'', Edited by Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont]
* [http://byztxt.com/ Online version of ''The New Testament in the Original Greek – Byzantine Textform 2005'', Edited by Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224023017/http://www.byztxt.com/ |date=2008-12-24 }}
* [http://openscriptures.org/prototypes/manuscript-comparator/ Comparison of the Byzantine/Majority Text with other manuscript editions] on the Manuscript Comparator
* [http://openscriptures.org/prototypes/manuscript-comparator/ Comparison of the Byzantine/Majority Text with other manuscript editions] on the Manuscript Comparator
* [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/ByzPrior.html The Byzantine Priority Hypothesis] At the ''Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism''
* [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/ByzPrior.html The Byzantine Priority Hypothesis] At the ''Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism''
* [http://itsee.bham.ac.uk/iohannes/byzantine/transcriptions.htm The Gospel According to John in the Byzantine Tradition]
* [http://itsee.bham.ac.uk/iohannes/byzantine/transcriptions.htm The Gospel According to John in the Byzantine Tradition]
* Paulo José Benício, [http://www.mackenzie.br/fileadmin/Mantenedora/CPAJ/revista/VOLUME_VIII__2003__2/paulo_benicio.pdf ''O Texto Bizantino na Tradição Manuscrita do Novo Testamento Grego''] PDF {{pt}}
* Paulo José Benício, [http://www.mackenzie.br/fileadmin/Mantenedora/CPAJ/revista/VOLUME_VIII__2003__2/paulo_benicio.pdf ''O Texto Bizantino na Tradição Manuscrita do Novo Testamento Grego''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706160734/http://www.mackenzie.br/fileadmin/Mantenedora/CPAJ/revista/VOLUME_VIII__2003__2/paulo_benicio.pdf |date=2011-07-06 }} PDF {{pt}}
* [http://cspmt.org/ Center for Study and Preservation of the Majority Text]
* [http://cspmt.org/ Center for Study and Preservation of the Majority Text] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924192712/http://www.cspmt.org/ |date=2011-09-24 }}


{{Portal|Kristen}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Byzantine Text-Type}}
[[Category:New Testament text-types]]
[[Category:Bible versions and translations]]
[[Category:Christian terms]]


[[Kategori:Teks Bizantin| ]]
[[ar:نص بيزنطي]]
[[Kategori:Naskah Alkitab]]
[[de:Mehrheitstext]]
[[Kategori:Perjanjian Baru]]
[[en:Byzantine text-type]]
[[Kategori:Versi dan terjemahan Alkitab]]
[[es:Tipo textual bizantino]]
[[fi:Bysantin tekstilaitos]]
[[fr:Texte byzantin]]
[[it:Tipo testuale bizantino]]
[[nl:Byzantijnse tekst]]
[[pl:Tekst bizantyński]]
[[pt:Texto-tipo Bizantino]]
[[ru:Византийский тип текста]]
[[uk:Візантійський тип тексту]]

Revisi terkini sejak 28 Januari 2022 07.39

Codex Vaticanus 354 S (028), sebuah codex uncial dengan jenis Teks Bizantin, digolongkan ke dalam Family K1

Teks Bizantin atau Teks Mayoritas (bahasa Inggris: Byzantine text-type atau Majority Text, Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, Syrian Text) adalah salah satu jenis teks yang digunakan dalam kritisisme tekstual (textual criticism) untuk menggolongkan karakter tekstual naskah-naskah Alkitab bagian Perjanjian Baru dalam bahasa Yunani Koine. Jenis ini yang paling banyak ditemukan dan ada sampai sekarang meskipun di antaranya tidak ada yang termasuk tertua. Perjanjian Baru dari Gereja Ortodoks Timur (Eastern Orthodox Church atau Greek Orthodox Church), "Constantinople Patriarchate" edisi tahun 1904, berdasarkan jenis teks ini. Meskipun terdapat sejumlah besar variasi, teks ini mendasari teks Yunani Textus Receptus yang digunakan untuk membuat terjemahan Perjanjian Baru ke dalam berbagai bahasa daerah dalam era Reformasi Protestan, termasuk Alkitab Versi Raja James (meskipun terjemahan-terjemahan baru yang ada sekarang umumnya menggunakan edisi "Eclectic" yang lebih mengacu kepada jenis teks Alexandria).

Teks Bizantin juga dipakai dalam sejumlah edisi modern Gereja Ortodoks Timur, dan tradisi penggunaannya di gereja-gereja tersebut berlanjut sampai sekarang. Teks yang digunakan di Gereja Ortodoks Yunani juga didukukng oleh sejumlah naskah bergaya "minuscule" yang berasal dari tahun-tahun kemudian. Umumnya ini dianggap sebagai teks Bizantin standar.

Bentuk teks Bizantin sering ditandai dengan singkatan 𝔐 atau Byz.

Naskah Teks Bizantin

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Codex Alexandrinus, naskah Yunani tertua jenis Teks Bizantin dalam Injil, dekat dengan Family Π (Lukas 12:54–13:4)

Selama beberapa waktu setelah abad ke-4, terdapat beberapa jenis teks di Timur, tetapi pada akhirnya Teks Bizantin "hampir sepenuhnya menggantikan yang lain."[1] Naskah berjenis teks Bizantin dalam jumlahnya jauh melebihi naskah-naskah kuno lain yang masih ada, sekitar 95% seluruh naskah kuno, dan banyak yang disalin ulang dalam jenis tulisan "minuscule" (menggunakan huruf-huruf kecil) dengan gaya "politonik", yang diciptakan pada abad ke-3 SM oleh Aristophanes dari Byzantium tetapi memakan waktu beberapa abad sebelum populer di luar lingkungan akademik. Misalnya dari 522 naskah yang lengkap atau hampir lengkap berisi Surat-surat Am yang dikumpulkan oleh Institute for New Testament Textual Research di Münster, Jerman, 372 di antaranya menunjukkan bacaan Bizantin dalam 90% dari 98 poin tes. Dari naskah tertua yang ditemukan, kedudukan ini terbalik. Ada 6 naskah yang bertarikh lebih tua dari abad ke-9 yang selaras dengan jenis Teks Bizantin; di antaranya Codex Alexandrinus, yang tertua yaitu dari abad ke-5, hanya bercorak Bizantin pada bagian Injil, sedangkan sisa bagian Perjanjian Baru dalam corak Alexandria. Sebaliknya, Teks Alexandria ditunjukkan oleh 9 naskah "uncial" yang lebih tua dari abad ke-9 (termasuk Codex Alexandrinus, di luar bagian Injil); dan biasanya dianggap terwakili oleh tiga naskah papirus sebelumnya. Edisi kritis modern Perjanjian Baru cenderung mencocokkan diri dengan Teks Alexandria — khususnya Codex Sinaiticus dan Codex Vaticanus.

Bapa gereja paling awal yang menggunakan jenis Teks Bizantin dalam kutipannya adalah Yohanes Krisostomus (349 — 407 M); meskipun karya yang terlestarikan dari Asterius the Sophist († 341) juga terbukti selaras dengan Teks Bizantin.[2] Krisostomus dan Asterius menggunakan teks yang hanya 75% sesuai dengan teks Bizantin standar. Terjemahan tertua yang memberi kesaksian adanya naskah Yunani yang sesuai dengan Teks Bizantin adalah Injil dalam bahasa Suryani, Pesyita, meskipun juga mengandung bacaan jenis Teks Alexandria dan Teks Western; biasanya diberi tarikh abad ke-4; meskipun untuk sejumlah bacaan yang diperdebatkan, misalnya Markus 1:2 dan Yohanes 1:18, Pesyita agak mendukung Teks Alexandria.

Bentuk Teks Bizantin yang ditemukan dalam saksi-saksi paling awal bukanlah monolitik penuh, dan kadang kala berbeda dari suatu sub-grup Bizantin yang meluas setelah abad ke-11. Di antara kumpulan naskah-naskah yang muncul kemudian, umumnya dapat dilihat jelas mayoritas bacaan Bizantin dalam tiap varian; dan naskah Perjanjian Baru Yunani berdasarkan bacaan mayoritas ini — "Teks Mayoritas" — telah diterbitkan oleh Zane C. Hodges dan Arthur L. Farstad, meskipun teks ini tidak sesuai dengan satu jenis naskah manapun.

Naskah Bizantin terkenal

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Codex Boreelianus, naskah jenis teks Bizantin, anggota dari Family E
Tanda Nama Tarikh (abad) Isi
A (02) Codex Alexandrinus Abad ke-5 Injil
C (04) Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus Abad ke-5 Injil
W (032) Codex Washingtonianus Abad ke-5 Matius 1-28; Lukas 8:13–24:53
Q (026) Codex Guelferbytanus B Abad ke-5 Lukas–Yohanes
061 Uncial 061 Abad ke-5 1 Tim 3:15–16; 4:1–3; 6:2–8
Ee (07) Codex Basilensis Abad ke-8 Injil
Fe (09) Codex Boreelianus Abad ke-9 Injil
Ge (011) Codex Seidelianus I Abad ke-9 Injil
He (013) Codex Seidelianus II Abad ke-9 Injil
L (020) Codex Angelicus Abad ke-9 Kisah Para Rasul, Surat-surat Am, Surat-surat Paulus
V (031) Codex Mosquensis II Abad ke-9 Injil
Y (034) Codex Macedoniensis Abad ke-9 Injil
Θ (038) Codex Koridethi Abad ke-9 Injil (kecuali Markus)
S (028) Codex Vaticanus 354 949 Injil
1241 Minuscule 1241 Abad ke-12 hanya Kisah Para Rasul
1424 Minuscule 1424 Abad ke-9/10 Perjanjian Baru (kecuali Markus)

Naskah lain

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Papirus

73

Uncial

Codex Mutinensis, Codex Cyprius, Codex Mosquensis I, Campianus, Petropolitanus Purp., Sinopensis, Guelferbytanus A, Guelferbytanus B, Nitriensis, Nanianus, Monacensis, Tischendorfianus IV, Sangallensis (kecuali Markus), Tischendorfianus III, Petropolitanus, Rossanensis, Beratinus, Dionysiou, Vaticanus 2066, Uncial 047, 049, 052, 053, 054, 056, 061, 063, 064, 065, 069 (?), 093 (Kisah Para Rasul), 0103, 0104, 0105, 0116, 0120, 0133, 0134, 0135, 0136, 0142, 0151, 0197, 0211, 0246, 0248, 0253, 0255, 0257, 0265, 0269 (campuran), 0272, 0273 (?).

Minuscule

Lebih dari 80% minuscule merupakan teks Bizantin.[3]

2, 3, 6 (Injil dan Kisah Para Rasul), 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 21, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28 (kecuali Markus), 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60, 61 (Injil dan Kisah Para Rasul), 63, 65, 66, 68, 69 (kecuali Paulus), 70, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 82, 83, 84, 89, 90, 92, 93, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 103, 104 (kecuali Paulus), 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 116, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 155, 156, 159, 162, 167, 169, 170, 171, 177, 180 (kecuali Kisah Para Rasul), 181 (hanya Wahyu), 182, 183, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205 (Epistles), 206 (kecuali surat-surat Am/cath.), 207, 208, 209 (kecuali Injil dan Wahyu), 210, 212, 214, 215, 217, 218 (kecuali surat-surat Am dan Paulus), 219, 220, 221, 223, 224, 226, 227, 231, 232, 235, 236, 237, 240, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 250, 254 (kecuali surat-surat Am), 256 (kecuali Paulus), 259, 260, 261, 262, 263 (kecuali Paulus), 264, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 272, 275, 276, 277, 278a, 278b, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 297, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 308, 309, 313, 314, 316, 319, 320, 324, 325, 327, 328, 329, 330 (kecuali Paulus), 331, 334, 335, 337, 342, 343, 344, 347, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 364, 365 (kecuali Paulus), 366, 367, 368, 369, 371, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378 (kecuali surat-surat Am), 379, 380, 381, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 390, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 398 (kecuali surat-surat Am), 399, 401, 402, 404, 405, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 417, 418, 419, 422, 425, 426, 429 (Paulus dan Wahyu), 431 (kecuali Kisah Para Rasul dan surat-surat Am), 432, 438, 439, 443, 445, 446, 448, 449, 450, 451 (kecuali Paulus), 452, 454, 457, 458, 459 (kecuali Paulus), 461, 465, 466, 469, 470, 471, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 504, 505, 506, 507, 509, 510, 511, 512, 514, 516, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522 (kecuali Kisah Para Rasul dan surat-surat Am), 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 538, 540, 541, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 553, 554, 556, 558, 559, 560, 564, 568, 570, 571, 573, 574, 575, 577, 578, 580, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 592, 593, 594, 596, 597, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 607, 610 (dalam surat-surat Am), 614 (dalam surat-surat Am), 616, 618, 620, 622, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 632, 633, 634, 637, 638, 639, 640, 642 (kecuali surat-surat umum), 644, 645, 648, 649, 650, 651, 655, 656, 657, 660, 662, 663, 664, 666, 668, 669, 672, 673, 674, 677, 680, 684, 685, 686, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 694, 696, 698, 699, 705, 707, 708, 711, 714, 715, 717, 718, 721, 724, 725, 727, 729, 730, 731, 734, 736, 737, 739, 741, 745, 746, 748, 750, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 768, 769, 770, 773, 774, 775, 777, 778, 779, 781, 782, 783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 789, 790, 793, 794, 797, 798, 799, 801, 802, 806, 808, 809, 811, 818, 819, 820, 824, 825, 830, 831, 833, 834, 835, 836, 839, 840, 841, 843, 844, 845, 846, 848, 852, 853, 857, 858, 860, 861, 862, 864, 866, 867, 868, 870, 877, 880, 884, 886, 887, 889, 890, 893, 894, 896, 897, 898, 900, 901, 902, 904, 905, 906, 910, 911, 912, 914, 916, 917 (Paul), 918 (Paul), 919, 920, 921, 924, 928, 936, 937, 938, 942, 943, 944, 945 (Kisah Para Rasul dan Cath.), 950, 951, 952, 953, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 969, 970, 971, 973, 975, 977, 978, 980, 981, 987, 988, 991, 993, 994, 995, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1003, 1004, 1006 (Injil), 1007, 1008, 1010 (?), 1011, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1028, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1036, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1050, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1065, 1067 (kecuali surat-surat Am), 1068, 1069, 1070, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1080, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1094, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1107, 1110, 1112, 1119, 1121, 1123, 1129, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1161, 1168, 1169, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1176, 1177, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1193, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1217, 1218, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1231, 1241 (hanya Kisah Para Rasul), 1251 (?), 1252, 1254, 1255, 1260, 1264, 1277, 1283, 1285, 1292 (kecuali Am), 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1303, 1305, 1309, 1310, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319 (kecuali Paulus), 1320, 1323, 1324, 1328, 1330, 1331, 1334, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1343, 1345, 1347, 1350a, 1350b, 1351, 1352a, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359 (kecuali Cath.), 1360, 1362, 1364, 1367, 1370, 1373, 1374, 1377, 1384, 1385, 1392, 1395, 1398 (kecuali Paulus), 1400, 1409 (Injil dan surat-surat Paulus), 1417, 1437, 1438, 1444, 1445, 1447, 1448 (kecuali Cath.), 1449, 1452, 1470, 1476, 1482, 1483, 1492, 1503, 1504, 1506 (Gospels), 1508, 1513, 1514, 1516, 1517, 1520, 1521, 1523 (Paul), 1539, 1540, 1542b (only Luke), 1543, 1545, 1547, 1548, 1556, 1566, 1570, 1572, 1573 (kecuali Paulus?), 1577, 1583, 1594, 1597, 1604, 1605, 1607, 1613, 1614, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1622, 1628, 1636, 1637, 1649, 1656, 1662, 1668, 1672, 1673, 1683, 1693, 1701, 1704 (kecuali Kisah Para Rasul), 1714, 1717, 1720, 1723, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1752, 1754, 1755a, 1755b, 1756, 1757, 1759, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1767, 1768, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1800, 1821, 1826, 1828, 1829, 1835, 1841 (kecuali Wahyu), 1846 (hanya Kisah Para Rasul), 1847, 1849, 1851, 1852 (hanya dalam Kitab Wahyu), 1854 (kecuali Wahyu), 1855, 1856, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1869, 1870, 1872, 1874 (kecuali Paulus), 1876, 1877 (except Paul), 1878, 1879, 1880, 1882, 1883, 1888, 1889, 1891 (kecuali Kisah Para Rasul), 1897, 1899, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1911, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1936,1937, 1938, 1941, 1946, 1948, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1964, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1992, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2009, 2013, 2048, 2096, 2098, 2111, 2119, 2125, 2126, 2127 (kecuali Paulus), 2132, 2133, 2135, 2138 (hanya dalam Kitab Wahyu), 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2144, 2160, 2172, 2173, 2175, 2176, 2177, 2178, 2181, 2183, 2187, 2189, 2191, 2199, 2218, 2221, 2236, 2261, 2266, 2267, 2273, 2275, 2277, 2281, 2289, 2295, 2300, 2303, 2306, 2307, 2309, 2310, 2311, 2352, 2355, 2356, 2373, 2376, 2378, 2381, 2382, 2386, 2389, 2390, 2406, 2407, 2409, 2414, 2415, 2418, 2420, 2422, 2423, 2424, 2425, 2426, 2430, 2431, 2437, 2441, 2442, 2445, 2447, 2450, 2451, 2452, 2454, 2455, 2457, 2458, 2459, 2466, 2468, 2475, 2479, 2483, 2484, 2490, 2491, 2496, 2497, 2499, 2500, 2501, 2502, 2503, 2507, 2532, 2534, 2536, 2539, 2540, 2545, 2547, 2549, 2550, 2552, 2554, 2555, 2558, 2559, 2562, 2563, 2567, 2571, 2572, 2573, 2578, 2579, 2581, 2584, 2587, 2593, 2600, 2619, 2624, 2626, 2627, 2629, 2631, 2633, 2634, 2635, 2636, 2637, 2639, 2645, 2646, 2649, 2650, 2651, 2653, 2656, 2657, 2658, 2660, 2661, 2665, 2666, 2671, 2673, 2675, 2679, 2690, 2691, 2696, 2698, 2699, 2700, 2704, 2711, 2712, 2716, 2721, 2722, 2723, 2724, 2725, 2727, 2729, 2746, 2760, 2761, 2765, 2767, 2773, 2774, 2775, 2779, 2780, 2781, 2782, 2783, 2784, 2785, 2787, 2790, 2791, 2794, 2815, 2817, 2829.[4][5][6]

Distribusi naskah teks Bizantin bercorak minuscule menurut abad

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Abad ke-9

461, 1080, 1862, 2142, 2500

Abad ke-9/10

399

Abad ke-10

14, 27, 29, 34, 36e, 63, 82, 92, 100, 135, 144, 151, 221, 237, 262, 278b, 344, 364, 371, 405, 411, 450, 454, 457, 478, 481, 564, 568, 584, 602, 605, 626, 627, 669, 920, 1055, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1203, 1220, 1223, 1225, 1347, 1351, 1357, 1392, 1417, 1452, 1661, 1720, 1756, 1829, 1851, 1880, 1905, 1920, 1927, 1954, 1997, 1998, 2125, 2373, 2414, 2545, 2722, 2790

Abad ke-10/11

994, 1073, 1701

Abad ke-11

7p, 8, 12, 20, 23, 24, 25, 37, 39, 40, 50, 65, 68, 75, 77, 83, 89, 98, 108, 112, 123, 125, 126, 127, 133, 137, 142, 143, 148, 150, 177, 186, 194, 195, 197, 200, 207, 208, 210, 212, 215, 236, 250, 259, 272, 276, 277, 278a, 300, 301, 302, 314, 325, 331, 343, 350, 352, 354, 357, 360, 375, 376, 422, 458, 465, 466, 470, 474, 475, 476, 490, 491, 497, 504, 506, 507, 516, 526, 527, 528, 530, 532, 547, 548, 549, 560, 583, 585, 596, 607, 624, 625, 638, 639, 640, 651, 672, 699, 707, 708, 711, 717, 746, 754, 756, 773, 785, 809, 831, 870, 884, 887, 894, 901, 910, 919, 937, 942, 943, 944, 964, 965, 991, 1014, 1028, 1045, 1054, 1056, 1074, 1110, 1123, 1168, 1174, 1187, 1207, 1209, 1211, 1212, 1214, 1221, 1222, 1244, 1277, 1300, 1312, 1314, 1317, 1320, 1324, 1340, 1343, 1373, 1384, 1438, 1444, 1449, 1470, 1483, 1513, 1514, 1517, 1520, 1521, 1545, 1556, 1570, 1607, 1668, 1672, 1693, 1730, 1734, 1738, 1770, 1828, 1835, 1847, 1849, 1870, 1878, 1879, 1888, 1906, 1907, 1916, 1919, 1921, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1946, 1955, 1980, 1981, 1982, 2001, 2007, 2098, 2132, 2133, 2144, 2172, 2176, 2181, 2183, 2199, 2275, 2277, 2281, 2386, 2295, 2307, 2381, 2386, 2430, 2442, 2447, 2451, 2458, 2468, 2475, 2539, 2547, 2559, 2563, 2567, 2571, 2587, 2637, 2649, 2661, 2723, 2746, 2760, 2782, 2787
2306 (komposit bagian-bagian dari abad ke-11 sampai ke-14)

Abad ke-11/12

665, 657, 660, 1013, 1188, 1191, 1309, 1358, 1340, 1566, 2389, 2415, 2784

Abad ke-12

2e, 2ap, 3, 9, 11, 15, 21, 32, 44, 46, 49, 57, 73, 76, 78, 80, 84, 95, 97, 105, 110, 111, 116, 119, 120, 122, 129, 132, 134, 138, 139, 140, 146, 156, 159, 162, 183, 187, 193, 196, 199, 202, 203, 217, 224, 226, 231, 240, 244, 245, 247, 261, 264, 267, 268, 269, 270, 275, 280, 281, 282, 297, 304, 306, 319, 320, 329, 334, 337, 347, 351, 353, 355, 356, 366, 374, 387, 392, 395, 396, 401, 407, 408, 419, 438, 439, 443, 452, 471, 485, 499, 502, 505, 509, 510, 514, 518, 520, 524, 529, 531, 535, 538, 550, 551, 556, 570, 571, 580, 587, 618, 620, 622, 637, 650, 662, 673, 674, 688, 692, 721, 736, 748, 750, 760, 765, 768, 770, 774, 777, 778, 779, 782, 787, 793, 799, 808, 843, 857, 860, 862, 877, 893, 896, 902, 911, 916, 922, 924, 936, 950, 967, 971, 973, 975, 980, 987, 993, 998, 1007, 1046, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1112, 1169, 1176, 1186, 1190, 1193, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1217, 1218, 1224, 1231, 1240, 1301, 1315, 1316, 1318, 1323, 1350a, 1355, 1360, 1364, 1375, 1385, 1437, 1539, 1583, 1673, 1683, 1714, 1737, 1752, 1754, 1755a, 1755b, 1800, 1821, 1826, 1872, 1889, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1926, 1951, 1970, 1971, 1974, 1986, 1988, 2013, 2096, 2126, 2135, 2139, 2173, 2177, 2189, 2191, 2289, 2282, 2426, 2437, 2445, 2459, 2490, 2491, 2507, 2536, 2549, 2550, 2552, 2562, 2639, 2650, 2657, 2671, 2700, 2712, 2725, 2727, 2781, 2785, 2791, 2794
632 dan 1227 (composites of parts from the 12th to the 14th centuries)

Abad ke-12/13

905, 906, 1310, 1341, 1897, 2311

Abad ke-13

52, 55 60, 74, 107, 121, 128, 136, 141, 147, 167, 170, 192, 198, 204, 219, 220, 227, 248, 260, 284, 291, 292, 293, 303, 305, 309, 327, 328, 342, 359, 361, 362, 384, 388, 390, 410, 449, 469, 473, 477, 479, 482, 483, 484, 496, 500, 501, 511, 519, 533, 534, 546, 553, 554, 558, 573, 574, 592, 593, 597, 601, 663, 666, 677, 684, 685, 689, 691, 696, 705, 714, 715, 725, 729, 737, 757, 759, 775, 811, 820, 825, 830, 835, 840, 897, 898, 900, 912, 914, 966, 969, 970, 981, 995, 997, 999, 1000, 1004, 1008, 1011, 1015, 1016, 1031, 1050, 1052, 1053, 1057, 1069, 1070, 1072, 1087, 1089, 1094, 1103, 1107, 1129, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1161, 1177, 1201, 1205, 1206, 1208, 1213, 1215, 1226, 1238, 1255, 1285, 1339, 1352a, 1400, 1594, 1597, 1604, 1622, 1717, 1717, 1728, 1731, 1736, 1740, 1742, 1772, 1855, 1858, 1922, 1938, 1941, 1956, 1972, 1992, 2111, 2119, 2140, 2141, 2236, 2353, 2376, 2380, 2390, 2409, 2420, 2423, 2425, 2457, 2479, 2483, 2502, 2534, 2540, 2558, 2568, 2584, 2600, 2624, 2627, 2631, 2633, 2645, 2646, 2658, 2660, 2665, 2670, 2696, 2699, 2724, 2761

Abad ke-13/14

266, 656, 668, 1334, 2499, 2578

Abad ke-14

18, 45, 53, 54, 66, 109, 155, 171, 182, 185, 190, 201, 214, 223, 232, 235, 243, 246, 290, 308, 316, 324, 358, 367, 369, 381, 386, 393, 394, 402, 404, 409, 412, 413, 414, 415, 417, 425, 426, 480, 492, 494, 498, 512, 521, 523, 540, 577, 578, 586, 588, 594, 600, 603, 604, 628, 633, 634, 644, 645, 648, 649, 680, 686, 690, 698, 718, 727, 730, 731, 734, 741, 758, 761, 762, 763, 764, 769, 781, 783, 784, 786, 789, 790, 794, 797, 798, 802, 806, 818, 819, 824, 833, 834, 836, 839, 845, 846, 848, 858, 864, 866a, 867, 889, 890, 904, 921, 928, 938, 951, 952, 953, 959, 960, 977, 978, 1020, 1023, 1032, 1033, 1036, 1061, 1062, 1075, 1099, 1100, 1119, 1121, 1185, 1189, 1196, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1248, 1249, 1252, 1254, 1283, 1328, 1330, 1331, 1345, 1350b, 1356, 1377, 1395, 1445, 1447, 1476, 1492, 1503, 1504, 1516, 1543, 1547, 1548, 1572, 1577, 1605, 1613, 1614, 1619, 1637, 1723, 1725, 1726, 1732, 1733, 1741, 1746, 1747, 1761, 1762, 1771, 1856, 1859, 1899, 1902, 1918, 1928, 1929, 1952, 1975, 2085, 2160, 2261, 2266, 2273, 2303, 2309, 2310, 2355, 2356, 2406, 2407, 2431, 2441, 2454, 2466, 2484, 2503, 2593, 2626, 2629, 2634, 2651, 2653, 2666, 2668, 2679, 2698, 2716, 2765, 2767, 2773, 2774, 2775, 2780, 2783

Abad ke-15

30, 47, 58, 70, 149, 285, 286, 287, 288, 313, 368, 373, 379, 380, 385, 418, 432, 446, 448, 493, 525, 541, 575, 616, 664, 694, 739, 801, 841, 844, 853, 880, 955, 958, 961, 962, 1003, 1017, 1018, 1024, 1026, 1059, 1060, 1105, 1202, 1232, 1233, 1247, 1250, 1260, 1264, 1482, 1508, 1617, 1626, 1628, 1636, 1649, 1656, 1745, 1750, 1757, 1763, 1767, 1876, 1882, 1948, 1957, 1958, 1964, 1978, 2003, 2175, 2178, 2221, 2352, 2418, 2452, 2455, 2554, 2673, 2675, 2691, 2704, 2729

Abad ke-15/16

99, 1367

Abad ke-16

90, 335, 445, 724, 745, 755, 867, 957, 1019, 1030, 1065, 1068, 1088, 1239, 1362, 1370, 1374, 1618, 1749, 1768, 1861, 1883, 1911, 1930, 1931, 1936, 1937, 1979, 2009, 2218, 2378, 2422, 2496, 2501, 2532, 2555, 2572, 2573, 2579, 2635, 2636, 2690, 2711, 2721, 2779

Abad ke-16/17

1371

Abad ke-17 dan selanjutnya

289, 868, 956, 963, 988, 1044, 1063, 1101, 1104, 1303, 1748, 1869, 2267, 2450, 2497, 2581, 2619, 2656.[7]

Karakteristik teks Bizantin

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Dibandingkan dengan naskah-naskah jenis teks Alexandria, pembacaan-pembacaan Bizantin terpisah cenderung mengarah kepada bahasa Yunani yang lancar dan tersusun rapi, mereka mengandung lebih sedikit variasi di antara bagian-bagian paralel Injil Sinoptik, dan lebih jarang menunjukkan kontradiktori atau persoalan sulit ("Lectio difficilior potior") dalam eksegesis.[8] Misalnya, Injil Markus 1:2 berbunyi "Seperti yang tertulis dalam kitab para nabi..." dalam Teks Bizantin; sedangkan ayat yang sama berbunyi, "Seperti yang tertulis dalam kitab nabi Yesaya.." pada teks-teks awal. Karena sebagian kutipan itu mengandung perkataan dari Kitab Maleakhi, bentuk Bizantin ayat ini menghindarkan kesulitan yang mungkin terjadi yaitu kesimpulan bahwa Markus mungkin mengandung ketidak akuratan fakta.

Ciri lain adalah tatabahasa (grammar) (f.e. οι δε ειπον, dalam teks Alexandria: οι δε ειπαν) dan urutan kata-kata yang berbeda. Misalnya:

Yohanes 6:49

εν τη ερημω το μαννα – codices B, C, D, T, W, Θ
το μαννα εν τη ερημω – codices , A, L, Ψ, f1, f13, mss. of the Byzantine text-type

Markus 1:9

εις τον Ιορδανην υπο Ιωανου – codices ﬡ, B, D
υπο Ιωανου εις τον Ιορδανην – codices A, W, dan naskah-naskah jenis teks Bizantin

Juga, teks Bizantin tidak memuat ayat-ayat yang ada dalam Textus Receptus: Lukas 17:36; Kisah Para Rasul 8:37; 15:34.

Tidak ada kesaksian yang konsisten di antara dokumen Papirus Perjanjian Baru. Namun, pembacaan Bizantin yang berbeda tidak jarang ditemukan pada teks-teks paling awal — meskipun mereka juga sepakat dengan jenis-jenis lain atau sama sekali berbeda.. Karenanya, banyak (dan mungkin kebanyakan) pembacaan Bizantin yang khusus kemungkinan pada tarikh-tarikh awal. Dua penjelasan luas diberikan atas pengamatan ini:

  • Jenis teks Bizantin menyampaikan teks yang sangat dekat dengan kitab-kitab asli Perjanjian Baru, yang naskahnya sudah tidak ada lagi, karena jenis teks ini terutama ada di daerah-daerah yang iklimnya tidak mendukung pengawetan papirus;
  • Jenis teks Bizantin menunjukkan praktik konsisten kompilasi dan koreksi tekstual dari sekitar abad ke-4, penyunting secara eklektik memilih pembacaan-pembacaan ini dari kumpulan naskah-naskah awal, yang paling sesuai dengan standar yang mereka anggap cocok sebagai teks Perjanjian Baru.

Hubungan dengan jenis teks lain

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Injil Matius 2:18

  • κλαυθμος — Codex Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, 0250, f1, it(q),aur,b,c,f,ff1,g1, k, l, 1, vg, syrp, pal, copsa,bo, eth
  • θρηνος και κλαυθμος — C, D, K, L, W, Δ, Π, f13, 28, 33, 565, 700, 892, 1009, 1010, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1241, 1253, 1365, 1546, 1646, 2148, 2174, Byz

Matius 5:25

  • ὁ κριτής — Αlexandrian mss f1 f13
  • δώσει — D
  • ὁ κριτής σε παραδῷ — K L W Δ Θ Π 28 33 565 700 naskah Bizantin

Matius 10:4

  • Θαδδαιος — naskah Alexandria f13 Lectionary 185 vg
  • Λεββαιος — D, d, (k)
  • Λεββαιος ο επικληθεις Θαδδαιος — Bizantin
  • Θαδδαιος ο επικληθεις Λεββαιος — 13 346 543 826 828

Matius 14:12

  • σωμα — W 0106 0136 Byz lat syrh copsa
  • πτωμα — א B C D L Θ f1 f13 33 565 700 892 1010 1241 1424 e k syrs, c, p copbo

Matius 15:6

  • η την μητερα αυτου — C L W Θ 0106 f1 Byz it vgcl syrp, h
  • και την μητερα αυτου — Φ 565 1241 copbo
  • η την μητερα — 084 f13 33 70 892
  • omitted — א B D pc a e syrc copsa geo1

Matius 15:6

  • τον λογον (see Mark 7:13) — Alexandrian mss, Θ, 700, 1230
  • τον νομον — א*, C, 084, f13, 1010
  • την εντολην — K, L, W, X, Δ, Π, 0106, f1, 33, 565, 1009, Byz

Matius 15:8

  • εγγιζει μοι ο λαος ουτος τω στοματι αυτων και (Orang-orang ini datang mendekati kepada-Ku dengan mulutnya dan) — C W 0106 (f1) Byz
  • ο λαος ουτος (Orang-orang ini) — א B D L Θ 084 f13 33 700 892 1424

Injil Markus 1:13

  • και ην εν τη ερημω — א, A, B, D, L, Θ, 33, 579, 892, 1342, 2427
  • και ην εκει εν τη ερημω — W, Δ, 157, 1241, Byz, TR
  • και ην εκει — 28, 517, 565, 700, f1, Family Π, syrs
  • Tidak ada — f13
  • Hiatus — C, Ψ, syrc

Markus 4:24

  • και προστεθησεται υμιν — naskah-naskah Alexandria
  • και προστεθησεται υμιν τοις ακουουσιν — naskah-naskah Bizantin
  • Tidak ada — D, W, 565

Markus 6:33

  • εκει και προηλθον αυτους — Codex Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, 0187 (omit εκει), 892, 49, 69, 70, 299, 303, 333, 1579, ( 950 αυτους), itaur, vg, (copsa,bo)
  • εκει και προσηλθον αυτοις — Codex Regius, 1241, (Δ, Θ, 10 αυτοις), 12, 80, 184, 211, 1127, arm, geo
  • εκει και συνηλθον αυτου — Codex Bezae (gr), 28, 700
  • εκει και ηλθον αυτου — 565, it(a),d,ff,i,r, Diatessaron
  • και ηλθον εκει — f1
  • προηλθον αυτον εκει — Pesyita
  • προς αυτους και συνηλθον προς αυτον — 33
  • εκει και προηλθον αυτοις και συνηλθον προς αυτον — K, Π, (f13 συνεισηλθον προς αυτους), 1009, 1010, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1230, 1242, 1365, 1546, 1646, 2148, 2174, Byz
  • εκει και προηλθον αυτοις και συνεδραμον προς αυτον — A
  • εκει — codex W, 150, itc

Markus 6:51

  • εξισταντο — naskah-naskah Alexandria, 28, vg, syrs, copsa, bo geo
  • εξεπλησσοντο — f1
  • εξισταντο και αθαυμαζον — A D K W X Θ Π f13 33 565 700 Byzantine mss
  • αθαυμαζον και εξισταντο — 517 1424 Pesyita

Markus 7:8

  • βαπτισμους ξεστων και ποτηριων και αλλα παρομοια τοιαυτα πολλα ποιειτε (pencucian bejana dan cawan, dan banyak hal-hal lain yang engkau lakukan) – (Α) f13 Byz vg (syrp) syrh

Markus 9:49

  • πας γαρ πυρι αλισθησεται – naskah Alexandria dan Kaisarea
  • πασα γαρ θυσια αλι αλισθησεται – naskah Western/Barat
  • πας γαρ πυρι αλισθησεται και πασα θυσια αλι αλισθησεται – naskah Bizantin

Lukas 2:38

  • καὶ αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ (dan jam itu; and that hour) — Alexandria
  • καὶ αὕτη αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ (dan ia (perempuan) pada jam itu; and she in that hour) — Kaisarea dan Bizantin

Lukas 7:10

  • δουλον — p45 א B L W f1 700 892 1241 it syrs, pal copsa, bo ath? geo
  • ασθενουντα — D d
  • ασθενουντα δουλον — A C K X Δ Θ Π f13 28 33 565 892 1009 1010 1071 1079 1195 1216 1230 1242 1253 1344 1365 1546 1646 2148 2174 Byz Lect itf vg syrp, h goth arm eth? Diatessaron

Lukas 12:14

  • κριτην η μεριστην — Alexandrian mss, f1, f13, 700, 1241
  • δικαστην η μεριστην — A, K, W, X, Δ, Θ, Π, Ψ, 565, 1009, 1010, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1230, 1242, 1253, 1344, 1365, 1546, 1646, 2148, 2174, Byz
  • μεριστην η δικαστην — 472, 1642, eth
  • κριτην η δικαστην — 69
  • αρχοντα και δικαστην — 157
  • κριτην — D, it(a), c, d
  • δικαστην — 28
  • μεριστην — copsamss

Ayat terakhir di Injil Lukas (24:53)

  • ευλογουντες τον θεον (memuliakan Allah, "blessing God") — Alexandria
  • αινουντες τον θεον (memuji Allah, "praising God") — Western/Barat
  • αινουντες και ευλογουντες τον θεον (memuji dan memuliakan Allah, "praising and blessing God") — Bizantin

Yohanes 1:18

  • ο μονογενης υιος — A, C3, K, X, Δ, Θ, Π, 063, 0234, f1, f13, 28, 565, 700, 892, 1009, 1010, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1230, 1241, 1242, 1253, 1344, 1365, 1546, 1646, 2148, Byz
  • ο μονογενης θεος — p75, אc, 33, copbo
  • μονογενης θεος — naskah-naskah Alexandria

Kisah Para Rasul 20:28

  • του Θεου (of the God; Allah) — א B 614 1175 2495 al vg sy boms
  • του κυριου (of the Lord; Tuhan) — Papirus 74 A C* D E Ψ 33 36 453 945 1739 1891
  • του κυριου και του Θεου (of the Lord and God; Tuhan dan Allah) — C3 Byz

Kisah Para Rasul 27:41

υπο της βιας των κυματων — 74, C, P, 049, 056, 0142, (אc, 104 απο), 33, 81, 88, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, (629 των ανεμων), 630, 945, 1241, 1505, 1739, 1877, 2127, 2412, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect, syrp, h, cop, ethpp
υπο της βιας — א, A, B, arm, geo
υπο των κυματων — Ψ ( 1441 των κυματων dengan obeli dan menghilangkan υπο)

Roma 8:1

Ιησου – א, B, D, G, 1739, 1881, itd, g, copsa, bo, eth
Ιησου μη κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν – A, Db, Ψ, 81, 629, 2127, vg
Ιησου μη κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν αλλα κατα πνευμα – אc, Dc, K, P, 33, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, (436 omit μη), 456, 614, 630, 1241, 1877, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect[9]

1 Korintus 2:1

μυστηριον – 46, א, Α, C, 88, 436, ita,r, syrp, copbo
μαρτυριον – B D G P Ψ 33 81 104 181 326 330 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect it vg syrh copsa arm eth
ευαγγελιον – Theodoret
σωτηριον – 489, 598pt, 599[10]

1 Korintus 7:5

τη προσευχη ("berdoa"; prayer) bersama 11, 46, א*, A, B, C, D, G, P, Ψ, 33, 81, 104, 181, 629, 630, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, it vg, cop, arm, eth
τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη ("berpuasa dan berdoa"; fasting and prayer) – אc, K, L, 88, 326, 436, 614, 1241, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect, syrp,h, goth; there is also reading τη προσευχη και νηστεια ("berdoa dan berpuasa"; prayer and fasting) – 330, 451, Yohanes dari Damaskus.[11]

1 Korintus 11:24

υμων — 46, א*, A, B, C*, 33, 1739, arm
υμων κλωμενον — אc, C3, Db,c, G, K, Ψ, 81, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 629, 630, 1241, 1739mg, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect
υμων θρυπτομενον — Dgr
υμων διδομενον — c, dem, f, t, x, zc, vg (tradetur), cop, eth

Dalam Markus 6:33 dan Lukas 24:53 jenis teks Bizantin tampak seperti kombinasi Teks Alexandria dan Teks Barat. Di sisi lain situasinya lebih rumit. Markus 1:13 tampak seperti kombinasi teks Alexandria dan Kaisarea.

Asal usul Teks Byzantine

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Di antara yang percaya bahwa teks Bizantin hanyalah saksi kedua dari naskah asli, terjadi debat mengenai asal teks Bizantin dan alasan penyebarannya yang luas. Pendapat-pendapat yang diberikan antara lain bahwa:

  • Lucian dari Antiokhia menggunakan keahlian kritik teksnya untuk menghasilkan sebuah "resensi" (recension). (Hieronimus/Jerome mengacu kepada resensi Lucian untuk Perjanjian Lama saja).
  • Konstantinus I membiayai penyebaran naskah-naskah dari sebuah sumber yang sama. (Ada sejumlah rujukan oleh Eusebius dari Kaisarea bahwa Konstantinus membiayai produksi 50 buah Alkitab).
  • Setelah Kekaisaran Romawi Barat berhenti menggunakan bahasa Yunani, dan karena serangan kaum Barbarian dan Muslim, menghilangkan kemungkinan pusat kekristenan kuno Yerusalem maupun Kaisarea untuk memberikan pengaruh lebih jauh terhadap teks Perjanjian Baru bahasa Yunani.[12] Satu-satunya gereja yang aktif mempertahankan teks bahasa Yunani adalah Gereja Bizantin, yang menduduki kuasa pusat dari Apostolic See di pusat kekristenan Antiokhia dan bertahan dari serangan kaum Muslim sampai abad ke-15.

Teks Bizantin standar yang digunakan oleh Gereja Ortodoks Yunani didukung oleh naskah-naskah minuscule akhir dan naskah-naskah tertuanya ditulis pada abad ke-9. Teks Bizantin awal berbeda dengan teks akhir di 3000 tempat dan lebih dekat ke teks Alexandria. Famili Teks Bizantin awal seperti family E and Π, oleh Kurt Aland tidak digolongkan sebagai naskah Bizantin, dan beberapa di antaranya dimasukkan sebagai Kategori III naskah Perjanjian Baru Yunani. Semua naskah teks Bizantin standar dimasukkan oleh Aland ke dalam Kategori V.

Textus Receptus

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Edisi cetak pertama Perjanjian Baru Yunani dibuat lengkap oleh Erasmus serta diterbitkan oleh Johann Froben dari Basel pada tanggal 1 Maret 1516 (Novum Instrumentum omne). Karena tekanan dari penerbit untuk memasarkan edisi mereka sebelum munculnya saingan dari "Complutensian Polyglot Bible", Erasmus mendasari karyanya dari setengah lusin naskah, semuanya dari abad ke-12 atau sesudahnya; dan hanya satu yang bukan teks Bizantin. Enam ayat yang tidak ada dalam sumber-sumber ini diterjemahkannya dari versi Latin Vulgata, dan ia juga memasukkan banyak pembacaan dari Vulgata dan tulisan-tulisan para Bapa Gereja (khusunya pada abad pertama sampai ketiga Masehi).[13] Tulisan ini dikenal sebagai Textus Receptus atau "Teks yang diterima" ( received text) menurut penyebutan oleh Bonaventura Elzevir, sebuah penerbit dari Belanda, dalam edisi tahun 1633 teks Erasmus terbitannya. Perjanjian Baru dalam Alkitab versi Raja James diterjemahkan dari Textus Receptus. Jika "Majority Text" "Hodges and Farstad" dipakai sebagai standar untuk Teks Bizantin, maka terdapat 1838 perbedaan pembacaan Yunani dengan Textus Receptus, di mana 1005 di antaranya adalah perbedaan yang dapat diterjemahkan.[14]

Teks Kritikal Modern

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Karl Lachmann (1850) adalah kritik tekstual Perjanjian Baru pertama yang menerbitkan edisi berlainan dengan Textus Receptus, bergantung terutama kepada naskah-naskah dari jenis teks Alexandria. Meskipun mayoritas kritikus tekstual Perjanjian Baru sekarang lebih mendukung jenis teks Alexandria dalam kompleksi, khususnya setelah penerbitan edisi karya Westcott dan Hort, ada sejumlah pendukung jenis teks Bizantin sebagai jenis teks yang paling mirip dengan aslinya. Kritikus ini termasuk para editor dari teks "Hodges and Farstad", dan teks "Robinson and Pierpoint". Tergantung dari teks kritikal modern mana yang diambil sebagai contoh jenis teks Alexandria, terdapat sekitar 6500 perbedaan pembacaan dengan teks "Hodges and Farstad" (Wallace 1989).

Untuk memberi gambaran perbedaan antara jenis teks Bizantin dan Eclectic, yang umumnya bercorak Alexandria, dari 800 unit variasi dalam Surat Yakobus yang dikoleksi oleh "Institute for New Testament Textual Research", teks Bizantin dan Eclectic sama di 731 tempat (92.3%). Banyak di antara 69 ketidakcocokan meliputi perbedaan urutan kata dan variasi yang tidak muncul sebagai perbedaan terjemahan bahasa Inggris. Menurut Pendahuluan terjemahan Alkitab New King James Version (bahasa Inggris), teks-teks Textus Receptus, Alexandria dan Bizantin mengandung 85% kesamaan (artinya, di antara variasi-variasi yang terdapat di berbagai naskah, hanya 15% sesungguhnya berbeda di antara ketiga jenis ini).

Jenis teks Bizantin juga ditemukan dalam edisi modern Gereja Ortodoks Timur/Yunani. Edisi ilmiah baru Teks Bizantin dari Injil Yohanes, (didanai oleh United Bible Societies dalam merespons permintaan dari Eastern Orthodox Scholars), dimulai di Birmingham, Inggris, dan pada tahun 2007, menghasilkan penerbitan The Gospel According to John dalam tradisi Bizantin.

Von Soden membagi manuskrip/naskah teks Bizantin menjadi lima grup:

  • Kx — tidak ada uncial, ratusan minuscule, di antaranya codex 2, 3, 8, 14, 45, 47, 49, 51, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 73, 75, 76, 78, etc.
  • Kr — tidak ada uncial, tidak ada minuscule awal, ratusan minuscule: 18, 35, 55, 66, 83, 128, 141, 147, 155, 167, 170, 189, 201
  • K1 (subfamily of Kx) — S V Ω 461
  • Ki (Family E) — E F G H
  • Ik (juga Ka), sekarang Family Π — (A) K Y Π; subgrup ini adalah yang tertua, tetapi hanya berisi 5% naskah. Mayoritasnya berisi teks yang tercampur dengan subfamili Bizantin lain.

Sejak penemuan Papirus 45, Papirus 46, dan Papirus 66, terdapat bukti bahwa kadang kala teks Bizantin mempertahankan pembacaan yang berasal dari saksi-saksi awal. Misalnya:

Lukas 10:39

Ιησου — p45 p75 A W Byz b
κυριου — א B D L Ξ 579 892 copbo syrc

Lukas 10:42

ενος δε εστιν χρεια — p45 p75 A C W Byz
ολιγων δε χρεια εστιν η ενος — B
ολιγων δε εστιν η ενος — א
ολιγων δε εστιν χρεια — 38 syrpal[15]

Lukas 11:33

φῶς — א B F Θ f1 f13
φέγγος — p45 33 Byz

Yohanes 10:29

ὃ ... μεῖζον — B it
ὃς ... μείζων — p66 f1 f13 Byz

Yohanes 11:32

πρός — א B C* D L X
εἰς — p66 Θ Byz

Yohanes 13:26

βάψας — א B C L X 33
καὶ ἐμβάψας — p66c A Θ

Kisah Para Rasul 17:13

ταράσσοντες —
omitted — p45 E Byz

1 Korintus 9:7

τὸν καρπόν — א* A B D* G P
ἐκ τοῦ καρποῦ — p46 Byz

Efesus 5:9

φωτός — א* A B D* G P
πνεύματος — p46 Byz

Filipi 1:14

του θεου – א A B (D*) P Ψ 33 81 104 326 365 629 1175 1241 2464
omitted – p46 D2 Byz

Contoh lain pembacaan jenis teks Bizantin ditemukan di p66 dalam Yohanes 1:32; 3:24; 4:14.51; 5:8; 6:10.57; 7:3.39; 8:41.51.55; 9:23; 10:38; 12:36; 14:17. Ini mendukung pandangan pakar-pakar seperti Harry Sturz dan Maurice Robinson bahwa akar teks Bizantin jauh di tarikh awal; meskipun Bruce Metzger berpendapat tidak dapat dibuktikan bahwa bagian-bagian ini ada di naskah aslinya.[16] Sejumlah pengarang menafsirkannya sebagai rehabilitasi Textus Receptus.[17] Banyak pembacaan ini mempunyai dukungan kuat dari jenis teks lain dan bukan ciri khusus Bizantin. Daniel Wallace menemukan hanya dua kesepakatan khas Bizantin papirus. Yang terkuat menurut Sturzs adalah ketiadaan dalam Filipi 1:14, pembacaan yang dipakai di NA26/UBS.[18]

Lihat pula

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Keluarga (Families) jenis teks Bizantin

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Families associated with the Byzantine text

Jenis teks lain

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Teks Kritikal

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Referensi

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  1. ^ Brooke Foss Westcott, Fenton John Anthony Hort. The New Testament in the Original Greek, 1925. p. 552
  2. ^ Gordon D. Fee, "The Use of Greek Patristic Citations in New Testament Textual Criticism: The State of the Question," pp. 344-359 in Studies in the Theory and Method of New Testament Textual Criticism (ed. Eldon J. Epp and Gordon D. Fee; Studies & Documents 45; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1993), 358.
  3. ^ Kurt Aland, and Barbara Aland, The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism, trans. Erroll F. Rhodes, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1995, p. 128.
  4. ^ Kurt Aland, and Barbara Aland, "The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism", trans. Erroll F. Rhodes, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1995, pp. 129-140.
  5. ^ Kurt Aland, "Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum. Locis parallelis evangeliorum apocryphorum et patrum adhibitis edidit", Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart 1996, p. XXXII.
  6. ^ Nestle, Eberhard et Erwin; communiter ediderunt: B. et K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger (2001). Novum Testamentum Graece (edisi ke-27). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. hlm. 714. 
  7. ^ Kurt Aland, and Barbara Aland, "The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism", trans. Erroll F. Rhodes, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1995, pp. 140-142.
  8. ^ "The Syrian text has all the appearance of being a careful attempt to supersede the chaos of rival texts by a judicious selection from them all." Brooke Foss Westcott, Fenton John Anthony Hort. The New Testament In The Original Greek, 1925. p. 551
  9. ^ UBS3, p. 548.
  10. ^ UBS3, p. 581.
  11. ^ UBS3, p. 591.
  12. ^ Aland, Kurt (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. hlm. 67. ISBN 0-8028-4098-1. 
  13. ^ Textus Receptus Defended[pranala nonaktif permanen]
  14. ^ Michael D. Marlowe states:[1] yet it differs from the Received Text in about a thousand places, most of them being trivial. while Daniel B. Wallace [2] has counted 1,838 differences between it and the Textus Receptus.
  15. ^ Gordon D. Fee, P75, P66, and Origen: The Myth of Early Textual Recension in Alexandria, p. 253.
  16. ^ Bruce M. Metzger, Chapters in the History of New Testament Textual Criticism, Wm. B. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids 1963, p. 38
  17. ^ Edward F. Hills, Dean Burgon in the Light of Recent Research; D. A. Waite, Defending the King James Bible, Bible For Today, Collingswood, New Jersey 2004.
  18. ^ D. Wallcae, The Majority Text Theory: History, Methods, and Critique, in Studies & Documents 1995, p. 303

Pustaka tambahan

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Pranala luar

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