Unjuk rasa Kazakhstan 2022: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{akan dikerjakan|Hanamanteo}}

| caption = Unjuk rasa di [[Aktobe]] pada 4 January 2022

| Decreased fuel prices

| Resignation of the [[Kassym-Jomart Tokayev]] government

| Removal of immunity and resignation of [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] from the [[Security Council of Kazakhstan|Security Council]]

| Direct elections for [[Akim#Kazakhstan|akim]]s (local heads)

| Return to the 1993 [[Constitution of Kazakhstan|Kazakh constitution]]

| [[Demonstration (people)|Demonstrations]]

| [[Online activism]]

| [[Rioting]]

| [[Strike action|Strikes]]

| [[Arson]]

| Nationwide [[state of emergency]] declared by the government from 5 January until 19 January

| Mass looting and chaos in [[Almaty]] from 5 January to 8 January

| [[Counterterrorism]] operation from 5 January

| [[Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan|Armed forces]] ordered to shoot without warning from 7 January

| Day of [[mourning]] for dozens of victims of the protests on 10 January

| [[Kassym-Jomart Tokayev]] declares protests over on 11 January

| International flights resume flying to and from [[Nur-Sultan]] on 11 January

| [[Collective Security Treaty Organization|CSTO]] forces deployed in Kazakhstan begin withdrawal from 13 January

| Resignation of [[Prime Minister of Kazakhstan|Prime Minister]] [[Askar Mamin]]

| Resignation of ministers in [[Mamin Cabinet]]

| Removal of Nazarbayev as chairman of Security Council

| Restoration of vehicle fuel price caps of 50 [[Kazakhstani tenge|tenge]] per litre for 6 months

| side1 = '''Protesters'''

| side2 = {{flagdeco|Kazakhstan}} '''[[Government of Kazakhstan]]'''<br />{{flag|CSTO}}''{{refn|group="n"|The Kazakh government claimed that the CSTO's operations were solely for [[peacekeeping]] purposes.}}

| units1 = {{nowrap|''No particular organization''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forumdaily.com/en/protesty-v-kazaxstane-prodolzhaetsya-arestovali-uzhe-8-tysyach-chelovek-putin-uvidel-tam-texnologii-ukrainskogo-majdana/|title=Protests in Kazakhstan continue: 8 people have already been arrested, Putin saw there 'technologies of the Ukrainian Maidan'|first=Olga|last=Feoktistova|newspaper=ForumDaily|date=10 January 2022}}</ref>}}

| {{*}} [[Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan|Armed Forces]]

| {{*}} [[National Guard of Kazakhstan|National Guard]]

| {{*}} [[Military Police (Kazakhstan)|Military Police]]

| {{*}} [[Law enforcement in Kazakhstan|Police]]}}

| title= '''{{flag|Russia}}'''<ref name="troops">{{cite news|last1=Pannier|first1=Bruce|title=Analysis: The Consequences Of Inviting Russian-Led CSTO Troops Into Kazakhstan|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/kazakhstan-csto-troop-russia-analysis/31642847.html|agency=RFE/RL|date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107125248/https://www.rferl.org/a/kazakhstan-csto-troop-russia-analysis/31642847.html|archive-date=7 January 2022|quote=Russia is reportedly sending 3,000 soldiers to Kazakhstan, Belarus some 500, Tajikistan 200, and Armenia 70, with Kyrgyzstan set to decide on January 7.}}</ref>

| {{*}} [[98th Guards Airborne Division]]<br />

| {{*}} [[45th Guards Spetsnaz Brigade]]<br />

| {{*}} [[31st Guards Air Assault Brigade]]}}

| {{*}} [[103rd Guards Airborne Brigade]]<ref name="troops"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Миротворческая рота 103-й воздушно-десантной бригады ССО вылетела в Казахстан|url=https://www.tvr.by/news/obshchestvo/mirotvorcheskaya_rota_103_y_vozdushno_desantnoy_brigady_sso_vyletela_v_kazakhstan/ |agency=Belteleradio|date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108020342/https://www.tvr.by/news/obshchestvo/mirotvorcheskaya_rota_103_y_vozdushno_desantnoy_brigady_sso_vyletela_v_kazakhstan/|archive-date=7 January 2022}}</ref>}}

| {{*}} [[Armed Forces of Tajikistan]]<ref name="troops"/>}}

| title= '''{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}'''

| {{*}} [[Armed Forces of Kyrgyzstan]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Kyrgyzstan to send around 150 soldiers to Kazakhstan – report|url=https://akipress.com/news:666735:Kyrgyzstan_to_send_around_150_soldiers_to_Kazakhstan_-_report/|website=akipress.com|agency=AKIpress News Agency|date=7 January 2022}}</ref>}}

| {{*}} [[Armed Forces of Armenia]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian peacekeepers left for Kazakhstan|url=https://mil.am/en/news/10252|website=mil.am|publisher=Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Armenia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107124914/https://mil.am/en/news/10252|archive-date=7 January 2022|date=7 January 2022|quote=...RA Armed Forces sent a peacekeeping subdivision to the Republic of Kazakhstan (100 servicemen) as part of the CSTO peacekeeping forces.}}</ref>}}

| leadfigures1 = {{nowrap|''No centralized leadership''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pikulicka-Wilczewska|first=Agnieszka|title=Do Kazakhstan's protests signal an end to the Nazarbayev era?|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/11/qa-kazakh-activist-yevgeniy-zhovtis-on-mass-unrest|access-date=2022-01-12|website=www.aljazeera.com|quote=It is important to understand that protesters are never a unified mass. It is not that a single group or political party took to the streets. In all the regions where the protests took place, it was a mixed group of people. |df=mdy-all}}</ref>}}

| {{flagdeco|CSTO}} [[Stanislav Zas]]<ref>{{cite news|date=5 January 2022|title=CSTO agrees to intervene in Kazakhstan unrest|url=https://eurasianet.org/csto-agrees-to-intervene-in-kazakhstan-unrest |publisher=Eurasianet|access-date=8 January 2022}}</ref>

| {{flagdeco|CSTO}} [[Andrey Serdyukov]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=7 January 2022|title=Commander of the Airborne Forces Serdyukov became the head of the CSTO peacekeepers in Kazakhstan. (In Russian)|work=Ria Novosti|url=https://ria.ru/20220107/mirotvortsy-1766837089.html}}</ref>

| howmany2 = {{flagdeco|CSTO}} 3,770<ref name="troops"/>

| casualties1 = 206 people killed<ref name="aljazeera20220115">{{Cite web|title=Kazakh authorities say 225 people killed in violent unrest|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/15/kazakh-prosecutors-say-225-people-have-died-in-unrest|access-date=2022-01-15|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> <br />More than 9,900 people arrested<ref name="rferl.org">{{Cite web|title=Kazakh President Announces CSTO Troop Withdrawal, Appoints New PM|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/kazakhstan-detains-10000-unrest/31648618.html|access-date=2022-01-11|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty}}</ref>

| casualties2 = 19 members of the security forces killed<ref name="225killed">{{Cite web|date=2022-01-15|title=Kazakhstan puts unrest death toll at 225|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/kazakhstan-says-225-bodies-delivered-morgues-during-unrest-2022-01-15/|access-date=2022-01-15|website=Reuters}}</ref>

Unjuk rasa besar-besaran bermula di [[Kazakhstan]] pada 2 Januari 2022 setelah lonjakan tiba-tiba harga gas cair setelah pencabutan [[pagu harga|batasan harga]] yang diberlakukan pemerintah pada 1 Januari. Unjuk rasa bermula di kota penghasil minyak [[Zhanaozen]], tetapi kemudian dengan cepat menyebar ke kota-kota lain di Kazakhstan terutama kota terbesar [[Almaty]]. Unjuk rasa ini didorong oleh meningkatnya ketidakpuasan terhadap pemerintah dan [[kesenjangan ekonomi]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Lillis|first=Joanna|date=3 January 2022|title=Kazakhstan: Gas price hike fuels Zhanaozen protests|url=https://eurasianet.org/kazakhstan-gas-price-hike-fuels-zhanaozen-protests|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104064003/https://eurasianet.org/kazakhstan-gas-price-hike-fuels-zhanaozen-protests|archive-date=4 January 2022|access-date=4 January 2022|website=eurasianet.org}}</ref><ref name=":15"/> Selama kerusuhan dan tindakan keras selama seminggu, 225 orang tewas dan hampir 10 ribu orang ditangkap.<ref name="225killed"/>

Ketidakpuasan yang meningkat terhadap pemerintah dan mantan [[Presiden Kazakhstan|Presiden]] [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] juga membuat unjuk rasa menjadi semakin besar. Karena tidak ada kelompok oposisi rakyat yang menentang Pemerintah Kazakhstan, kerusuhan tampaknya dilakukan langsung oleh warga. Sebagai tanggapan, Presiden [[Kassym-Jomart Tokayev]] mengumumkan [[keadaan darurat]] di [[Provinsi Mangystau|Mangystau]] dan Almaty yang berlaku mulai 5 Januari 2022. [[Kabinet Askar Mamin]] mengundurkan diri pada hari yang sama.<ref name="reuters">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/kazakhstan-government-resigns-after-violent-protests-over-fuel-price-2022-01-05/|title=Kazakhstan government's resignation fails to quell protests|work=Reuters|date=5 January 2022|access-date=5 January 2022|last1=Auyezov|first1=Olzhas|archive-date=5 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105041322/https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/kazakhstan-government-resigns-after-violent-protests-over-fuel-price-2022-01-05/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=5 January 2022|title=Kazakhstan protests: government resigns amid rare outbreak of unrest|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/04/kazakhstan-president-declares-state-of-emergency-in-protest-hit-areas|access-date=5 January 2022|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-date=5 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105122522/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/04/kazakhstan-president-declares-state-of-emergency-in-protest-hit-areas|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Guardian_Moscow_led_alliance"/> Keadaan darurat segera diperluas ke seluruh Kazakhstan. Menanggapi permintaan Tokayev, [[Organisasi Traktat Keamanan Kolektif]] (CSTO) yang beranggotakan [[Rusia]], [[Armenia]], [[Belarusia]], [[Kirgizstan]], [[Tajikistan]], dan [[Kazakhstan]] sendiri setuju untuk mengerahkan pasukan di Kazakhstan.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|last1=Hopkins|first1=Valerie|last2=Nechepurenko|first2=Ivan|date=5 January 2022|title=Russia-Allied Forces to Intervene as Unrest Sweeps Kazakhstan|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/05/world/europe/kazakhstan-protests-gas-prices.html|access-date=6 January 2022|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=5 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105203224/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/05/world/europe/kazakhstan-protests-gas-prices.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tujuannya dinyatakan sebagai penjaga perdamaian. Nazarbayev dicopot sebagai Ketua [[Dewan Keamanan Kazakhstan]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Jacobs|first=Harrison|date=6 January 2022|title=Russia-led alliance troops have arrived in Kazakhstan after mass protests |publisher=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2022/01/06/1070840030/police-say-dozens-have-been-killed-in-kazakhstan-unrest|access-date=6 January 2022|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106161905/https://www.npr.org/2022/01/06/1070840030/police-say-dozens-have-been-killed-in-kazakhstan-unrest|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sebagai konsesi, Presiden Kassym-Jomart mengatakan bahwa batas harga bahan bakar kendaraan senilai 50 [[tenge Kazakhstan|tenge]] tiap liter telah dipulihkan selama 6 bulan.<ref name="auto7">{{cite news|last=Reuters|date=5 January 2022 |title=Kazakhstan declares state of emergency in protest-hit city, province|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/protests-erupt-kazakhstan-after-fuel-price-rise-2022-01-04/|access-date=7 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news|date=6 January 2022|title=Kazakhstan unrest: Government restores fuel price cap after bloodshed|agency=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-59896471|access-date=7 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web|title=Kazakhstan imposes 180-day state regulation on fuel, food prices amid protests|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/kazakhstan-imposes-180-day-state-regulation-on-fuel-food-prices-amid-protests/2465999|access-date=7 January 2022|website=aa.com.tr}}</ref> Pada 7 Januari, ia mengatakan dalam sebuah pernyataan bahwa sebagian besar ketertiban konstitusional telah dipulihkan di semua wilayah negara.<ref name="auto4">{{cite news|last=Auyezov|first=Olzhas|date=7 January 2022|title=Kazakh president says constitutional order mostly restored |work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/kazakh-president-says-constitutional-order-has-mostly-been-restored-2022-01-07/|access-date=7 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite news |date=7 January 2022|title=Kazakhstan unrest: Fresh gunfire as president says order largely restored|agency=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-59900037|access-date=7 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="auto8">{{cite web|title=Kazakh President: Constitutional Order Restored|url=https://www.voanews.com/amp/kazakh-president-constitutional-order-restored/6386592.html|access-date=7 January 2022 |website=voanews.com}}</ref> Ia juga mengumumkan dirinya telah memerintahkan pasukan untuk menggunakan [[kekuatan mematikan]] terhadap pengunjuk rasa dan memberi wewenang instruksi untuk menembak tanpa peringatan kepada siapa pun yang berunjuk rasa. Ia menyebut pengunjuk rasa sebagai bandit dan teroris serta mengatakan bahwa penggunaan kekuatan akan terus membubarkan unjuk rasa.<ref name="auto6">{{cite web|last=Child|first=Anealla Safdar, David|title=Kazakh leader tells troops to shoot without warning|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/7/more-killed-as-kazakh-leader-says-order-restored-live-updates|access-date=7 January 2022|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{cite web|date=7 January 2022|title=Kazakhstan president says he gave order to 'open fire with lethal force'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/07/kazakhstan-protests-thousands-detained-as-president-says-order-mostly-restored|access-date=7 January 2022|website=the Guardian}}</ref><ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|date=7 January 2022|title=Kazakh leader ordered use of lethal force on 'terrorists'|website=[[Associated Press]]|url=https://apnews.com/article/kazakhstan-law-enforcement-agencies-6dc8df9639367c3845aa00a008072997|access-date=7 January 2022|agency=AP NEWS}}</ref><ref name="SHOOT">{{cite news|last1=Auyezov |first1=Olzhas|title=Kazakh president gives shoot-to-kill order to put down uprising|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/kazakh-president-says-constitutional-order-has-mostly-been-restored-2022-01-07/|access-date=7 January 2022|work=Reuters|date=7 January 2022}}</ref>

Pada 10 Januari, pemerintah mengumumkan hari berkabung bagi para korban unjuk rasa.<ref name="apnews.com">{{Cite web|date=2022-01-10|title=Nearly 8,000 detained in Kazakhstan amid unrest|url=https://apnews.com/article/kazakhstan-europe-national-security-terrorism-2c026ecb00584aba668f320d4482d0f1|access-date=2022-01-10|website=AP NEWS}}</ref> Pada 11 Januari, Kassym-Jomart mengatakan bahwa ketertiban telah dipulihkan di Kazakhstan dan unjuk rasa berakhir.<ref name=":18"/> Ia mengumumkan bahwa pasukan CSTO akan mulai menarik diri dari Kazakhstan pada 13 Januari dan akan ditarik sepenuhnya dalam 10 hari ke depan. Dalam pidatonya di depan parlemen mengenai hari-hari terakhir, ia menjanjikan reformasi dan mengakui ketidakpuasan publik atas ketidaksetaraan pendapatan serta mengkritik Nursultan dan rekan-rekannya karena kekayaan mereka.<ref name="Vaal">{{Cite news|last=Vaal|first=Tamara|date=2022-01-11|title=Russian troops to quit Kazakhstan, says president, taking aim at the elite|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/kazakhstan-detains-almost-10000-over-deadly-unrest-2022-01-11/|access-date=2022-01-11}}</ref> Ia juga mencalonkan perdana menteri baru [[Alihan Smaiylov]]. Penerbangan internasional dilanjutkan ke dan dari ibu kota [[Nur-Sultan]].<ref name="rbc.ru">{{Cite web|title=В Нур-Султане восстановили международное авиасообщение|url=https://www.rbc.ru/society/11/01/2022/61dd0e8c9a79478101f27958|access-date=2022-01-11|website=РБК|language=ru}}</ref>

Selama periode ini, Kazakhstan menjadi salah satu negara berkinerja terkuat di [[Asia Tengah]] dengan produksi minyak menyumbang sebagian besar dari pertumbuhan ekonomi sampai harga minyak turun pada pertengahan dasawarsa 2010-an.<ref name="imfarticleiv">{{cite web|title=IMF Executive Board Article IV consultation1 with Kazakhstan|url=https://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2013/pr13308.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183248/https://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2013/pr13308.htm|archive-date=3 March 2016|access-date=14 February 2016|website=imf.org|publisher=International Monetary Fund}}</ref> Negara ini juga memiliki sekitar 40% sumber daya [[uranium]] dunia di dalam wilayahnya.<ref name=":15"/> Walau begitu, tidak ada manfaat ekonomi yang dibagikan ke seluruh penduduk dengan [[upah minimum di Kazakhstan]] untuk individu biasa kurang dari US$100 per bulan dan [[kesenjangan ekonomi]] meluas.<ref name=":15"/> Pada tahun 2012, [[Forum Ekonomi Dunia]] mencatat korupsi sebagai masalah terbesar dalam berbisnis di negara ini,<ref name="OECD1">[https://books.google.com/books?id=BU7uK583X8MC&pg=PA112&lpg=PA112&dq=kazakhstan+corruption+ranking&source=bl&ots=ZI50X8c9BL&sig=TiPEPwdRpIq41eJ1a5PxX_GsgYs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CFcQ6AEwBTgKahUKEwib2f2FzYPIAhVmcHIKHePYBpE#v=onepage&q=kazakhstan%20corruption%20ranking&f=false OECD Investment Policy Reviews] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918173939/https://books.google.com/books?id=BU7uK583X8MC&pg=PA112&lpg=PA112&dq=kazakhstan+corruption+ranking&source=bl&ots=ZI50X8c9BL&sig=TiPEPwdRpIq41eJ1a5PxX_GsgYs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CFcQ6AEwBTgKahUKEwib2f2FzYPIAhVmcHIKHePYBpE#v=onepage&q=kazakhstan%20corruption%20ranking&f=false|date=18 September 2020}}, p. 112, [[OECD]], 2012</ref> sementara [[Bank Dunia]] memasukkan Kazakhstan sebagai titik rawan korupsi setara dengan [[Angola]], [[Bolivia]], [[Kenya]], dan [[Libya]].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/05/business/yourmoney/05giffen.html?pagewanted=all Oil, Cash and Corruption] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418062819/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/05/business/yourmoney/05giffen.html?pagewanted=all|date=18 April 2019}} ''[[The New York Times]]'' 5 November 2006</ref> Pada tahun 2013, ''[[Aftenposten]]'' mengutip aktivis hak asasi manusia dan pengacara Denis Jivaga yang mengatakan bahwa terdapat [[dana kestabilan|dana minyak]] di Kazakhstan, tetapi tidak ada yang tahu cara pendapatan itu dibelanjakan.<ref>[http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/politikk/Observatorer-fra-tidligere-Sovjet-jakter-pa-valg-juks-7305886.html Observatører fra tidligere Sovjet jakter på valg-juks] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225918/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/politikk/Observatorer-fra-tidligere-Sovjet-jakter-pa-valg-juks-7305886.html|date=3 March 2016}} Aftenposten.no (10 September 2013) Retrieved 8 March 2014</ref> Menyusul berbagai skandal perbankan internasional, orang kaya Kazakhstan beremigrasi ke luar negeri terutama [[Britania Raya]].<ref name=":15"/> Pada tahun 2018, [[Crédit Suisse]] menempatkan Kazakhstan pada peringkat ke-169 dari 174 negara dalam [[agihan kekayaan]].<ref name="databook2018">{{Cite document|author1=Anthony Shorrocks|author2=Jim Davies |author3=Rodrigo Lluberas|date=October 2018|title=Global Wealth Report|url=https://www.credit-suisse.com/corporate/en/research/research-institute/global-wealth-report.html|publisher=Credit Suisse}} October 10, 2018 article: [https://www.credit-suisse.com/corporate/en/articles/news-and-expertise/global-wealth-report-2018-us-and-china-in-the-lead-201810.html Global Wealth Report 2018: US and China in the lead] [http://publications.credit-suisse.com/index.cfm/publikationen-shop/research-institute/global-wealth-report-2018-en Report]{{Dead link|date=August 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. [http://publications.credit-suisse.com/index.cfm/publikationen-shop/research-institute/global-wealth-databook-2018-en Databook]{{Dead link|date=August 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. [https://www.credit-suisse.com/corporate/en/research/research-institute/global-wealth-report/tables.html Downloadable data sheets] See Table 3.1 (page 114) of databook for mean and median wealth by country</ref> Pada tahun 2022, 55% kekayaan Kazakhstan dikuasai oleh 162 orang kaya.<ref name=":15"/>

Kota penghasil minyak di [[Provinsi Mangystau|Mangystau]] [[Zhanaozen]] memiliki sejarah mogok dan unjuk rasa buruh. Pada tahun 2011, [[pembantaian Zhanaozen 2011|kerusuhan pecah]] di Zhanaozen di tengah peringatan 20 tahun [[Hari Kemerdekaan (Kazakhstan)|Kazakhstan]] yang menyebabkan 16 orang tewas dan 100 orang terluka menurut angka resmi. Pasukan keamanan Kazakhstan melepaskan tembakan ke arah pengunjuk rasa yang menuntut keadaan kerja yang lebih baik. Saat itu, harga satu liter [[gas minyak cair]] (LPG), campuran [[butana]] dan [[propana]] yang merupakan bahan bakar kendaraan umum di Zhanaozen, berkisar antara 30 hingga 35 [[tenge Kazakhstan|tenge]] dan telah berulang kali naik sejak saat itu. Menyusul [[unjuk rasa Kazakhstan 2018–2020|unjuk rasa pada tahun 2018]] lebih lanjut dan tindakan keras Nursultan terhadap demonstrasi, ia diangkat menjadi Ketua Dewan Keamanan Kazakhstan seumur hidup.<ref name=":16" />

Since January 2019, the Kazakh government phased transition policy to [[Electronic markets|electronic market]] trading of LPG to gradually end state [[Energy subsidy|gas subsidies]] and allow for the market instead to determine prices, resulting with increased LPG prices according to [[Eurasianet]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kumenov|first1=Almaz|last2=Lillis|first2=Joanna|date=4 January 2022|title=Kazakhstan explainer: Why did fuel prices spike, bringing protesters out onto the streets?|url=https://eurasianet.org/kazakhstan-explainer-why-did-fuel-prices-spike-bringing-protesters-out-onto-the-streets|url-status=live|access-date=5 January 2022|website=eurasianet.org|archive-date=5 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105023407/https://eurasianet.org/kazakhstan-explainer-why-did-fuel-prices-spike-bringing-protesters-out-onto-the-streets}}</ref>

In January 2020, a protest was held in Zhanaozen where city residents demanded a reduction in the price of gas that had risen from 55 to 65 tenge.<ref>{{cite web|last=ТОЙКЕН|first=Санияш|date=10 January 2020|title=Жанаозенцы вновь пришли в акимат, требуя снижения цен на газ|url=https://rus.azattyq.org/a/30370468.html|url-status=live|access-date=4 January 2022|website=Радио Азаттык|language=ru|archive-date=4 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104062459/https://rus.azattyq.org/a/30370468.html}}</ref> As the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] affected the economy, [[austerity]] measures and an inadequate amount of [[economic stimulus]] from the government resulted with inflation and stagnant wages.<ref name=":15" />

Since 1 January 2022, according to Zhanaozen protesters, the price of LPG almost doubled, to 120 tenge per litre ([[Euro|€]]0.24 per litre; US$1.06 per gallon), causing outrage amongst citizens.<ref name="tass">{{cite web|url=https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/13354113?utm_source=yxnews&utm_medium=desktop|title=В аэропорту Актау в Казахстане задерживается часть рейсов|agency=TASS|language=Russian|access-date=4 January 2022|archive-date=4 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104214801/https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/13354113?utm_source=yxnews&utm_medium=desktop|url-status=live}}</ref> Further discontent with the former leader Nursultan Nazarbayev, the nation's [[oligarchy]], corruption and economic inequality would then spark more widespread protests.<ref name="Guardian_Moscow_led_alliance" /><ref name=":15" />

Tujuan unjuk rasa yang dilaporkan setelah protes dimulai termasuk seruan untuk perubahan politik besar. Menurut Darkhan Sharipov dari Oyan, kelompok aktivis Qazaqstan, para pemrotes menginginkan "reformasi politik yang nyata" dan "pemilihan yang adil", dan marah tentang "korupsi dan nepotisme".<ref name="Guardian_Moscow_led_alliance" /> Menurut ''[[The New York Times]]'', para pemrotes menginginkan para pemimpin wilayah Kazakhstan dipilih secara langsung daripada ditunjuk oleh presiden.<ref name="NYT_revolt_Kazakhstan" />

Pada pagi 2 Januari, penduduk Zhanaozen menutup jalan sebagai penentangan terhadap kenaikan [[harga gas alam|harga gas]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|last=ТОЙКЕН|first=Санияш|date=2 January 2022|title=Жители Жанаозена перекрыли дорогу, протестуя против повышения цен на газ|url=https://rus.azattyq.org/a/31636220.html|url-status=live|access-date=4 January 2022|website=Радио Азаттык|language=ru|archive-date=4 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104062452/https://rus.azattyq.org/a/31636220.html}}</ref> Dari situ, para pengunjuk rasa meminta [[akim]] Mangystau, [[Nurlan Nogaev]], dan akim kota Maksat Ibagarov untuk mengambil tindakan dalam menstabilkan harga dan mencegah kelangkaan bahan bakar. Penduduk bertemu dengan penjabat akim Zhanaozen Galym Baijanov yang menyarankan massa untuk menulis surat keluhan kepada pemerintah kota tempat para pengunjuk rasa ingat bahwa keluhan mereka seharusnya diabaikan oleh pejabat kota.<ref name=":0"/>

Ratusan penduduk Zhanaozen berkumpul dan berkemah di alun-alun kota semalaman.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|date=3 January 2022|title="Акимов должен выбирать народ!" Протест в Жанаозене: от призывов снизить цены до политических требований|url=https://rus.azattyq.org/a/kazakhstan-zhanaozen-rally-gas-prices/31637309.html|url-status=live|access-date=4 January 2022|website=Радио Азаттык|language=ru|archive-date=4 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104062453/https://rus.azattyq.org/a/kazakhstan-zhanaozen-rally-gas-prices/31637309.html}}</ref> Saat warga lain bergabung dengan massa pada sore hari, diperkirakan 1.000 orang berada di alun-alun meneriakkan dan menuntut pemilihan langsung pemimpin lokal. Petugas polisi tidak melakukan campur tangan ketika berdiri di pinggir alun-alun selama unjuk rasa.<ref name=":2"/> Akim Mangystau [[Nurlan Nogaev]] dan Akim Zhanaozen Maqsat bağarov serta Direktur Pabrik Pengolahan Gas Kazakh Nakbergen Tulepov berusaha menenangkan para pengunjuk rasa dengan tiba di alun-alun dan berjanji menurunkan harga gas menjadi 85–90 tenge, tetapi gagal. Nurlan serta bawahannya terpaksa melarikan diri dari alun-alun oleh massa yang marah.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|title="Мы устали от сказок!" В Жанаозене протестующие прогнали с площади акима области Ногаева|url=https://rus.azattyq.org/a/31637803.html|access-date=4 January 2022|website=Радио Азаттык|language=ru|archive-date=4 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104062445/https://rus.azattyq.org/a/31637803.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In [[Aktau]], a group of protestors showed up at the Yntymaq Square in front of the city administration building, setting up tents and [[yurt]]s for the encampment.<ref name=":4">{{cite web|last=ТОЙКЕН|first=Санияш|date=4 January 2022|title="Правительство в отставку!" и "Шал, кет!". В Актау и Жанаозене продолжились митинги|url=https://rus.azattyq.org/a/31638526.html|url-status=live|access-date=5 January 2022|website=Радио Азаттык|language=ru|archive-date=5 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105071545/https://rus.azattyq.org/a/31638526.html}}</ref> By evening, an estimated 6,000 demonstrators were at the square, demanding reductions in the cost of gas as well as the resignation of the government. They were joined by other groups of supporters reportedly from neighbouring regions and cities across Kazakhstan.<ref name=":4"/> Mangystau akim [[Nurlan Nogaev]] visited the rally, reminding the crowd that the Kazakh government had reduced the price of gas and that the Agency for the Protection and Development of Competition had launched an antitrust probe into gas suppliers for a suspected [[Price gouging|price collusion]].<ref name=":5">{{cite web|date=4 January 2022|title=Нурлан Ногаев вышел к митингующим в Актау|url=https://tengrinews.kz/kazakhstan_news/nurlan-nogaev-vyishel-k-mitinguyuschim-v-aktau-458163/|url-status=live|access-date=5 January 2022|website=Tengrinews.kz|language=ru|archive-date=4 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104233614/https://tengrinews.kz/kazakhstan_news/nurlan-nogaev-vyishel-k-mitinguyuschim-v-aktau-458163/}}</ref> Nogaev urged the Aktau protestors to maintain public order and suggested for they hold a constructive dialogue with the authorities.<ref name=":5"/>

[[File:2022 Kazakhstan protests — Aqtobe, January 4 (02).jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|Protestors setting up a [[yurt]] in [[Aktobe]], 4 January 2022.]]

On 4 January, around 1,000 people gathered to protest in the centre of [[Almaty]].<ref name="rian">{{cite web | url =https://ria.ru/20220104/kazakhstan-1766588006.html?utm_source=yxnews&utm_medium=desktop |title=В Алма-Ате проходят задержания протестующих|publisher=[[RIA Novosti]]| date=4 January 2022|language=Russian| access-date =4 January 2022}}</ref> Police used stun grenades and tear gas to disperse the protesters.<ref name="rian" /> Tokayev signed decrees to introduce a [[state of emergency]] in [[Mangystau District]] and Almaty from 5 January 01:30 local time to 19 January 00:00 local time.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://ria.ru/20220104/chp-1766590484.html?utm_source=yxnews&utm_medium=desktop |title=Президент Казахстана ввел ЧП в Алма-Ате и Мангистауской области|publisher=RIA Novosti| language=Russian|date=4 January 2022| access-date =4 January 2022}}</ref> According to Tokayev, all legitimate demands of protesters will be considered.<ref name="rian" /> A special commission, after meeting with protesters, agreed to lower the LPG price to 50 tenges ($0.11) per litre.<ref name="tass" /> Internet watchdog organization [[NetBlocks]] documented significant internet disruptions with "high impact to mobile services" that were likely to limit the public's ability to express political discontent.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|date=2022-01-04|title=Internet disrupted in Kazakhstan amid energy price protests|url=https://netblocks.org/reports/internet-disrupted-in-kazakhstan-amid-energy-price-protests-oy9YQgy3|access-date=2022-01-05|website=NetBlocks|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-04|title=NetBlocks: Казакстанда интернет чектелди|url=https://www.azattyk.org/a/31639442.html|url-status=live|access-date=|website=Азаттык Υналгысы|language=ky}}</ref>

On 5 January, Tokayev accepted the government's resignation. On the same day, a [[Reuters]] correspondent reported thousands of protesters pressing ahead towards Almaty city centre after security forces failed to disperse them with tear gas and stun grenades.<ref name="reuters"/><ref>{{Cite news|last=Auyezov|first=Olzhas|date=2022-01-05|title=Kazakh protesters torch public buildings; emergency declared, Cabinet resigns|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/kazakhstan-government-resigns-after-violent-protests-over-fuel-price-2022-01-05/|access-date=2022-01-05|archive-date=5 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105121343/https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/kazakhstan-government-resigns-after-violent-protests-over-fuel-price-2022-01-05/|url-status=live}}</ref> Later on the same day, Tokayev announced that former president [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] has resigned as the Chairman of the [[Security Council of Kazakhstan]], and Tokayev has assumed this position himself.<ref>{{cite news |title=Назарбаев перестал быть председателем Совбеза Казахстана |url=https://reform.by/289511-nazarbaev-perestal-byt-predsedatelem-sovbeza-kazahstana |work=reform.by |date=5 January 2022 |access-date=5 January 2022 |archive-date=5 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105132250/https://reform.by/289511-nazarbaev-perestal-byt-predsedatelem-sovbeza-kazahstana |url-status=live }}</ref> Digital rights monitor [[NetBlocks]] reported that internet disruptions had intensified by 5:00&nbsp;p.m. local time, leaving Kazakhstan in the "midst of a nation-scale [[Internet censorship in Kazakhstan|internet blackout]]" after a day of mobile internet disruptions and partial restrictions.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hart|first=Robert|date=2022-01-05|title=Kazakhstan Reportedly Hit By Internet Blackout As Oil-Rich Nation Breaks Out In Rare Anti-Government Protests|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2022/01/05/kazakhstan-reportedly-hit-by-internet-blackout-as-oil-rich-nation-breaks-out-in-rare-anti-government-protests/|url-status=live|access-date=|website=Forbes|language=en|archive-date=5 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105155724/https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2022/01/05/kazakhstan-reportedly-hit-by-internet-blackout-as-oil-rich-nation-breaks-out-in-rare-anti-government-protests/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agence France Presse|first=AFP|date=2022-01-05|title=Kazakhstan Sees 'Nation-scale Internet Blackout' Amid Protests|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/kazakhstan-sees-nation-scale-internet-blackout-amid-protests-01641385807|url-status=live|access-date=|website=www.barrons.com|language=en-US|archive-date=5 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105154017/https://www.barrons.com/news/kazakhstan-sees-nation-scale-internet-blackout-amid-protests-01641385807}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-05|title=Report: Kazakh president's home ablaze as protests escalate|url=https://apnews.com/article/business-kazakhstan-almaty-9da42330ca51c36fe9fd88f9ef35ff4e|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-05|website=Associated Press|language=en|archive-date=5 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105155242/https://apnews.com/article/business-kazakhstan-almaty-9da42330ca51c36fe9fd88f9ef35ff4e}}</ref>

In Almaty, the offices of the city mayor were stormed and set aflame.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-05|title=Здание мэрии Алматы захвачено, из здания идет дым. Видео|url=http://centralasia.media/news:1754444|access-date=2022-01-05|website=centralasia.media|archive-date=5 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105132253/http://centralasia.media/news:1754444|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Guardian_Moscow_led_alliance" /> Locations that stored small arms were captured by protesters.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|date=2022-01-05|title=Moscow-led bloc to send 'peacekeeping forces' to protest-hit Kazakhstan|url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20220105-kazakhstan-appeals-to-russia-led-security-alliance-for-help-against-terrorists|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-06|website=[[France 24]]|language=en|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106043755/https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20220105-kazakhstan-appeals-to-russia-led-security-alliance-for-help-against-terrorists}}</ref> Protests at the [[Almaty International Airport]] resulted in cancelled and rerouted flights.<ref name="Guardian_Moscow_led_alliance" /> Reports of protesters seizing five planes were reported by the government.<ref name=":11"/> Two Kazakh army soldiers were reported killed attempting to retake the Almaty airport.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Two servicemen killed in counter-terror operation at Almaty airport|url=https://tass.com/world/1384269|access-date=2022-01-06|website=TASS|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106040807/https://tass.com/world/1384269|url-status=live}}</ref> Russian state-run media reported that protesters also attacked President Tokayev's home with rifles and grenades, leaving it partially destroyed.<ref name=":10" /> In addition, the offices of the ruling [[Nur Otan]] party were also set on fire.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Office of ruling Nur Otan party set on fire in Almaty|url=https://akipress.com/news:666665:Office_of_ruling_Nur_Otan_party_set_on_fire_in_Almaty/|access-date=2022-01-05|website=akipress.com|archive-date=5 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105130823/https://akipress.com/news:666665:Office_of_ruling_Nur_Otan_party_set_on_fire_in_Almaty/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In [[Taldıqorğan]], a statue of former leader Nazarbayev was pulled down and destroyed by demonstrators chanting "Old man, leave!".<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" />

In the late afternoon, President Tokayev announced a nationwide state of emergency until 19 January 2022. This would include a curfew from 23:00 to 07:00, temporary restrictions on movement, and a ban on mass gatherings.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Satubaldina|first1=Assel|last2=January 2022|first2=Zhanna Shayakhmetova in Nation on 5|date=2022-01-05|title=Kazakhstan Declares State of Emergency After Fuel Price Protests|url=https://astanatimes.com/2022/01/kazakhstan-declares-state-of-emergency-after-fuel-price-protests/|access-date=2022-01-05|website=The Astana Times|language=en|archive-date=5 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105175138/https://astanatimes.com/2022/01/kazakhstan-declares-state-of-emergency-after-fuel-price-protests/|url-status=live}}</ref> During a televised address, the president threatened to crackdown on protesters, stating "I plan to act as toughly as possible", and said that he had no intentions of fleeing the country.<ref name="Guardian_Moscow_led_alliance" />