BAE Harrier II: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''[[BAE Systems]]/[[Boeing]] Harrier II )''' adalah sebuah [[pesawat tempur]] [[V/STOL]] generasi kedua yang digunakan oleh Angkatan Udara (RAF) dan sejak tahun [[2006]], oleh [[Royal Navy]] . Ia dikembangkan berdasarkan model terdahulunya yaitu [[Hawker Siddeley Harrier]] dan terkait erat dengan pesawat [[AV-8B Harrier II]] yang dikeluarkan oleh Amerika Serikat . Kedua banyak digunakan dalam serangan ringan dan tugas-tugas berbagai peran. Harrier II |
'''[[BAE Systems]]/[[Boeing]] Harrier II )''' adalah sebuah [[pesawat tempur]] [[V/STOL]] generasi kedua yang digunakan oleh Angkatan Udara (RAF) dan sejak tahun [[2006]], oleh [[Royal Navy]] . Ia dikembangkan berdasarkan model terdahulunya yaitu [[Hawker Siddeley Harrier]] dan terkait erat dengan pesawat [[AV-8B Harrier II]] yang dikeluarkan oleh Amerika Serikat . Kedua banyak digunakan dalam serangan ringan dan tugas-tugas berbagai peran. Harrier II sering kali dioperasikan dari kapal pengangkut pesawat kecil. |
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== Varian == |
== Varian == |
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;GR.5A: GR5A adalah varian kecil, menggabungkan perubahan desain untuk mengantisipasi upgrade GR7. Dua puluh satu GR5A dibangun. |
;GR.5A: GR5A adalah varian kecil, menggabungkan perubahan desain untuk mengantisipasi upgrade GR7. Dua puluh satu GR5A dibangun. |
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;GR.7: GR7 adalah model upgrade dari GR5. GR7 pertama dilakukan penerbangan perdananya pada bulan Mei 1990, dan membuat penyebaran operasional pertama pada Agustus 1995 atas bekas Yugoslavia. |
;GR.7: GR7 adalah model upgrade dari GR5. GR7 pertama dilakukan penerbangan perdananya pada bulan Mei 1990, dan membuat penyebaran operasional pertama pada Agustus 1995 atas bekas Yugoslavia. |
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;GR.7A: GR7A yang menampilkan sebuah mesin uprated Pegasus 107. GR7A upgrade ke standar GR9 mempertahankan penunjukan A sebagai GR9A. mesin Mk 107 menyediakan sekitar dorong tambahan 3.000 |
;GR.7A: GR7A yang menampilkan sebuah mesin uprated Pegasus 107. GR7A upgrade ke standar GR9 mempertahankan penunjukan A sebagai GR9A. mesin Mk 107 menyediakan sekitar dorong tambahan 3.000 lbf (13 kN) atas Mk 105 dorong 21.750 lbf (98 kN). |
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;GR.9: GR9 merupakan upgrade dari GR7, difokuskan pada avionik Harrier II dan senjata. Upgrade bawah program JUMP. |
;GR.9: GR9 merupakan upgrade dari GR7, difokuskan pada avionik Harrier II dan senjata. Upgrade bawah program JUMP. |
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;GR.9A: Harrier GR9A adalah upgrade avionik dan senjata dari GR7A bermesin uprated. Semua GR9 mampu menerima mesin Mk 107 Pegasus menjadi GR9A. |
;GR.9A: Harrier GR9A adalah upgrade avionik dan senjata dari GR7A bermesin uprated. Semua GR9 mampu menerima mesin Mk 107 Pegasus menjadi GR9A. |
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== Operator == |
== Operator == |
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[[Berkas:British Aerospace Harrier II GR7.jpg| |
[[Berkas:British Aerospace Harrier II GR7.jpg|jmpl|A pair of Harrier GR7s, 2008]] |
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[[Berkas:A Harrier GR7A in flight over the mountain ranges of Afghanistan during a mission. MOD 45147942.jpg| |
[[Berkas:A Harrier GR7A in flight over the mountain ranges of Afghanistan during a mission. MOD 45147942.jpg|jmpl|An RAF Harrier GR7A flying over [[Afghanistan]], 2004]] |
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;{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} |
;{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} |
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* [[Royal Air Force]] (1989–2011) |
* [[Royal Air Force]] (1989–2011) |
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== Spesifikasi (Harrier GR7) == |
== Spesifikasi (Harrier GR7) == |
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[[Berkas:RAF British Aerospace Harrier GR9 Lofting-1.jpg| |
[[Berkas:RAF British Aerospace Harrier GR9 Lofting-1.jpg|jmpl|Overhead view of a Harrier GR9, 2006]] |
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[[Berkas:Harrier GR7 taking off HMS Illustrious (R06) 1998.JPEG| |
[[Berkas:Harrier GR7 taking off HMS Illustrious (R06) 1998.JPEG|jmpl|A Harrier GR7 taking off from the aircraft carrier HMS ''Illustrious'' in the [[Persian Gulf]], 1998]] |
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[[Berkas:Harrier Pilot Prepares for Takeoff MOD 45151641.jpg| |
[[Berkas:Harrier Pilot Prepares for Takeoff MOD 45151641.jpg|jmpl|Digitally manipulated image of the interior of a Harrier cockpit while preparing to take off from the aircraft carrier ''HMS Ark Royal'', 2010]] |
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{{aircraft specifications |
{{aircraft specifications |
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A government statement gave the following systems as being cleared for the GR9 as of November 2010, just before its retirement |
A government statement gave the following systems as being cleared for the GR9 as of November 2010, just before its retirement: |
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:* '''Recce/targetting pods:''' DJRP, [[Lockheed Martin Sniper XR|Sniper]] and TIALD |
:* '''Recce/targetting pods:''' DJRP, [[Lockheed Martin Sniper XR|Sniper]] and TIALD |
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:* '''Air-to-air:''' AIM-9L Sidewinder |
:* '''Air-to-air:''' AIM-9L Sidewinder |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Refbegin}} |
{{Refbegin}} |
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* {{Cite book|editor-last=Eden|editor-first=Paul|chapter= McDonnell Douglas/BAe Harrier II|title= The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft|location=London, UK|publisher=Amber Books, 2004|isbn=1-904687-84-9|ref={{harvid|Eden|2004}}}} |
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Eden|editor-first=Paul|chapter= McDonnell Douglas/BAe Harrier II|title= The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft|date=2006-06-01|url=https://archive.org/details/encymodernmilita0000unse|location=London, UK|publisher=Amber Books, 2004|isbn=1-904687-84-9|ref={{harvid|Eden|2004}}}} |
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* {{Cite journal |last = Elliot |first = Simon |title = Harrier – The Next 30 Years |journal = Flight International |date = 18 September 1990 |url = http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1990/1990%20-%202774.html |pages = 50–57 |accessdate = 26 August 2012}} |
* {{Cite journal |last = Elliot |first = Simon |title = Harrier – The Next 30 Years |journal = Flight International |date = 18 September 1990 |url = http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1990/1990%20-%202774.html |pages = 50–57 |accessdate = 26 August 2012 }} |
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* {{Cite book|author = House of Commons: Defence Committee|title = Delivering front line capability to the RAF: third report of session 2005–06; report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence|url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=36TYbF1a9NMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|publisher = [[The Stationery Office]], 2006|isbn = 0-215026-94-2}} |
* {{Cite book|author = House of Commons: Defence Committee|title = Delivering front line capability to the RAF: third report of session 2005–06; report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence|url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=36TYbF1a9NMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|publisher = [[The Stationery Office]], 2006|isbn = 0-215026-94-2}} |
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* {{Cite book|last= Jefford|first= C.G., ed.|url= http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/documents/Journal%2035A%20-%20Seminar%20-%20the%20RAF%20Harrier%20Story.pdf|title= The RAF Harrier Story|location= London, UK|publisher= Royal Air Force Historical Society|year= 2006|isbn= 0-9530345-2-6|ref={{harvid|Jefford|2006}}}} |
* {{Cite book|last= Jefford|first= C.G., ed.|url= http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/documents/Journal%2035A%20-%20Seminar%20-%20the%20RAF%20Harrier%20Story.pdf|title= The RAF Harrier Story|location= London, UK|publisher= Royal Air Force Historical Society|year= 2006|isbn= 0-9530345-2-6|ref= {{harvid|Jefford|2006}}|access-date= 2013-08-22|archive-date= 2011-01-05|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110105084744/http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/documents/Journal%2035A%20-%20Seminar%20-%20the%20RAF%20Harrier%20Story.pdf|dead-url= yes}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Jenkins|first= Dennis R.|title= Boeing / BAe Harrier|series=Warbird Tech|volume=21|location= North Branch, Minnesota|publisher=Specialty Press, 1998|isbn=1-58007-014-0|ref={{harvid|Jenkins|1998}}}} |
* {{Cite book|last=Jenkins|first= Dennis R.|title= Boeing / BAe Harrier|series=Warbird Tech|volume=21|location= North Branch, Minnesota|publisher=Specialty Press, 1998|isbn=1-58007-014-0|ref={{harvid|Jenkins|1998}}}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Nordeen|first=Lon O|title= |
* {{Cite book|last=Nordeen|first=Lon O|title=Harrier II, Validating V/STOL|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=m9aQXZ5rsLYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Harrier&hl=en&ei=c3kmTs6_LdHTmAXPp-HIBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=1&ved=0CC8QuwUwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|location=Annapolis, Maryland|publisher=Naval Institute Press, 2006|isbn=1-59114-536-8|ref={{harvid|Nordeen|2006}}}} |
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* {{Cite book|last = Orchard|first = Adrian|coauthor = James Barrington|url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dPDwrdFKN1AC&printsec=frontcover|title = Joint Force Harrier|publisher = Penguin, 2008|isbn = 0-14188-975-6 |
* {{Cite book|last = Orchard|first = Adrian|coauthor = James Barrington|url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dPDwrdFKN1AC&printsec=frontcover|title = Joint Force Harrier|publisher = Penguin, 2008|isbn = 0-14188-975-6}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Polmar|first= |
* {{Cite book|last=Polmar|first=Norman|title=The Naval Institute Guide to the Ships And Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet|year=2004|url=https://archive.org/details/navalinstitutegu0018polm|publisher=Naval Institute Press, 2005|isbn=ISBN 1-59114-685-2}} |
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* {{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=Karen |title=V/STOL Comes of Age |journal=[[Flight International]] |date=19 July 1986 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1986/1986%20-%201660.html |pages=23–25 |accessdate=22 July 2011}} |
* {{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=Karen |title=V/STOL Comes of Age |journal=[[Flight International]] |date=19 July 1986 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1986/1986%20-%201660.html |pages=23–25 |accessdate=22 July 2011 }} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Wilson|first= Stewart|title= BAe/McDonnell Douglas Harrier|publisher=Airlife, 2000|isbn=1-84037-218-4|ref={{harvid|Wilson|2000}}}} |
* {{Cite book|last=Wilson|first= Stewart|title= BAe/McDonnell Douglas Harrier|publisher=Airlife, 2000|isbn=1-84037-218-4|ref={{harvid|Wilson|2000}}}} |
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{{Refend}} |
{{Refend}} |
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* [http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?distict_entry=true&aircraft_genericsearch=British%20Aerospace%20Harrier Photos of this aircraft on Airliners.net] |
* [http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?distict_entry=true&aircraft_genericsearch=British%20Aerospace%20Harrier Photos of this aircraft on Airliners.net] |
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* [http://www.photoboxgallery.com/MaritimeAviationNews Photographs of Harrier G R Mk 7 deployed aboard HMS Illustrious] |
* [http://www.photoboxgallery.com/MaritimeAviationNews Photographs of Harrier G R Mk 7 deployed aboard HMS Illustrious] |
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* [http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/2005/03/av8b-harrier-finding-success-in-iraq/index.php Defense Industry Daily: AV-8B Harrier finding Success in Iraq (March 30, 2005)] |
* [http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/2005/03/av8b-harrier-finding-success-in-iraq/index.php Defense Industry Daily: AV-8B Harrier finding Success in Iraq (March 30, 2005)] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20070224042605/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/2005/03/av8b-harrier-finding-success-in-iraq/index.php |date=2007-02-24 }} |
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* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfbHMxnlbfI http://www.youtube.com How the Harrier hovers] |
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfbHMxnlbfI http://www.youtube.com How the Harrier hovers] |
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* [http://www.aircraftcompare.com/helicopter-airplane/BAE-Harrier-II-GR9/360 BAE Harrier II GR9, Price - $ 30 million $ 35 million U.S. with Upgrades * (Financial Year 2013)] |
* [http://www.aircraftcompare.com/helicopter-airplane/BAE-Harrier-II-GR9/360 BAE Harrier II GR9, Price - $ 30 million $ 35 million U.S. with Upgrades * (Financial Year 2013)] |
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|group3= Generasi kedua |
|group3= Generasi kedua |
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|list3=[[AV-8B Harrier II|McDD-BAE AV-8B Harrier II]]{{·}} |
|list3=[[AV-8B Harrier II|McDD-BAE AV-8B Harrier II]]{{·}} BAE-McDD Harrier II |
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}}<noinclude> |
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Revisi terkini sejak 10 Desember 2023 06.50
Harrier GR5 / GR7 / GR9 | |
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Sebuah pesawat Harrier GR9 milik Angkatan Udara Inggris | |
Jenis | Pesawat tempur V/STOL |
Pembuat | British Aerospace / McDonnell Douglas BAE Systems / Boeing |
Pengguna utama | Angkatan Udara Inggris Royal Navy |
Dikembangkan dari | Hawker Siddeley Harrier |
Varian | AV-8B Harrier II |
BAE Systems/Boeing Harrier II ) adalah sebuah pesawat tempur V/STOL generasi kedua yang digunakan oleh Angkatan Udara (RAF) dan sejak tahun 2006, oleh Royal Navy . Ia dikembangkan berdasarkan model terdahulunya yaitu Hawker Siddeley Harrier dan terkait erat dengan pesawat AV-8B Harrier II yang dikeluarkan oleh Amerika Serikat . Kedua banyak digunakan dalam serangan ringan dan tugas-tugas berbagai peran. Harrier II sering kali dioperasikan dari kapal pengangkut pesawat kecil.
Varian
[sunting | sunting sumber]- GR.5
- GR5 adalah model pertama RAF dari generasi kedua Harrier. GR5 jauh berbeda dari USMC AV-8B dalam hal avionik, persenjataan dan penanggulangan. Empat puluh satu GR5s dibangun.
- GR.5A
- GR5A adalah varian kecil, menggabungkan perubahan desain untuk mengantisipasi upgrade GR7. Dua puluh satu GR5A dibangun.
- GR.7
- GR7 adalah model upgrade dari GR5. GR7 pertama dilakukan penerbangan perdananya pada bulan Mei 1990, dan membuat penyebaran operasional pertama pada Agustus 1995 atas bekas Yugoslavia.
- GR.7A
- GR7A yang menampilkan sebuah mesin uprated Pegasus 107. GR7A upgrade ke standar GR9 mempertahankan penunjukan A sebagai GR9A. mesin Mk 107 menyediakan sekitar dorong tambahan 3.000 lbf (13 kN) atas Mk 105 dorong 21.750 lbf (98 kN).
- GR.9
- GR9 merupakan upgrade dari GR7, difokuskan pada avionik Harrier II dan senjata. Upgrade bawah program JUMP.
- GR.9A
- Harrier GR9A adalah upgrade avionik dan senjata dari GR7A bermesin uprated. Semua GR9 mampu menerima mesin Mk 107 Pegasus menjadi GR9A.
- T.10
- Harrier T10 adalah varian pelatihan dua kursi pertama dari Harrier II; berdasarkan USMC Harrier pelatih TAV-8B. Tidak seperti rekan-rekan Amerika mereka, T10 sepenuhnya berkemampuan tempur.
- T.12
- Update dari pelatih untuk menemani GR9. Sembilan pesawat T10 menerima update JUMP bawah penunjukan T12, namun ini akan mempertahankan kurang kuat mesin Pegasus 105.
- T.12A
- Setara dengan T.12, namun berbeda dengan yang dilengkapi dengan mesin Mk 107 Pegasus dari GR7A / 9A lebih baru dan lebih kuat.
Operator
[sunting | sunting sumber]- United Kingdom
- Royal Air Force (1989–2011)
- No. 1 Squadron (until 2010)
- No. 3 Squadron (until 2006)
- No. 4 Squadron (until 2011)
- No. 20 Squadron (until 2010)
- (RAF Strike Attack Operational Evaluation Unit)
- (RAF Fast Jet & Weapons Operational Evaluation Unit)
- Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm
- 800 Naval Air Squadron (2006–2007, 2010)
- Naval Strike Wing (2007–2010)
Spesifikasi (Harrier GR7)
[sunting | sunting sumber]Data dari Nordeen[1]
Ciri-ciri umum
- Kru: 1
- Panjang: 46 ft 4 in
- Rentang sayap: 30 ft 4 in
- Tinggi: 11 ft 8 in
- Luas sayap: 243 ft²
- Berat kosong: 12,500 lb
- Berat isi: 15,703 lb
- Berat maksimum saat lepas landas: 18,950 lb VTO, 31,000 lb STO
- Mesin: 1 × Rolls-Royce Pegasus Mk. 105 vectored thrust turbofan, 21,750 lb
Kinerja
- Laju maksimum: 662 mph (1,065 km/h)
- Radius tempur: 300 nmi (556 km)
- Jangkauan feri: 2,015 mi (3256 km)
- Langit-langit batas: 50,000 ft
- Laju tanjak: 14,715 ft/min
Persenjataan
- Senjata api: 2× 25 mm ADEN cannon pods under the fuselage (no longer fitted)
- Titik keras: 8 (under-wing pylon stations 1A & 7A are intended for air-to-air missiles only) dengan kapasitas 8,000 lb (3,650 kg) of payload dengan izin untuk mengangkut:
- Roket: 4× LAU-5003 rocket pods (19× CRV7 70 mm rockets each) or 4× Matra rocket pods (18× SNEB 68 mm rockets each)
- Rudal: 6× AIM-9 Sidewinders or 4× AGM-65 Maverick
- Bom: ordnance such as Paveway series of laser-guided bombs, unguided iron bombs (including 3 kg and 14 kg practice bombs)
- Lainnya: 2× auxiliary drop tanks or reconnaissance pods (such as the Joint Reconnaissance Pod)
A government statement gave the following systems as being cleared for the GR9 as of November 2010, just before its retirement:
- Recce/targetting pods: DJRP, Sniper and TIALD
- Air-to-air: AIM-9L Sidewinder
- Bombs: Paveway II/III/IV, Enhanced Paveway II/II+, 540 lb and 1000 lb iron bombs
- Air-to-ground: CRV-7 rocket pod, AGM-65 Maverick
The Litening 3 and RAPTOR pods, ASRAAM, Enhanced Paveway III, ALARM, Brimstone and Storm Shadow were not qualified for use on the GR9. A GR9 in Afghanistan typically carried a DJRP, a Sniper pod, two Paveway IV and two of either CRV-7, Paveway IV or Maverick.
Lihat pula
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Harrier Jump Jet, an overview of the Harrier family
- Harrier Jump Jet family losses
- Pengembangan yang berhubungan
- Pesawat sebanding dalam peran, konfigurasi, dan era
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Nordeen 2006, Appendix C.
- Eden, Paul, ed. (2006-06-01). "McDonnell Douglas/BAe Harrier II". The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft. London, UK: Amber Books, 2004. ISBN 1-904687-84-9.
- Elliot, Simon (18 September 1990). "Harrier – The Next 30 Years". Flight International: 50–57. Diakses tanggal 26 August 2012.
- House of Commons: Defence Committee. Delivering front line capability to the RAF: third report of session 2005–06; report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence. The Stationery Office, 2006. ISBN 0-215026-94-2.
- Jefford, C.G., ed. (2006). The RAF Harrier Story (PDF). London, UK: Royal Air Force Historical Society. ISBN 0-9530345-2-6. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-01-05. Diakses tanggal 2013-08-22.
- Jenkins, Dennis R. Boeing / BAe Harrier. Warbird Tech. 21. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 1998. ISBN 1-58007-014-0.
- Nordeen, Lon O. Harrier II, Validating V/STOL. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2006. ISBN 1-59114-536-8.
- Orchard, Adrian. Joint Force Harrier. Penguin, 2008. ISBN 0-14188-975-6.
- Polmar, Norman (2004). The Naval Institute Guide to the Ships And Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet. Naval Institute Press, 2005. ISBN ISBN 1-59114-685-2 Periksa nilai: invalid character
|isbn=
(bantuan). - Walker, Karen (19 July 1986). "V/STOL Comes of Age". Flight International: 23–25. Diakses tanggal 22 July 2011.
- Wilson, Stewart. BAe/McDonnell Douglas Harrier. Airlife, 2000. ISBN 1-84037-218-4.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Photos of this aircraft on Airliners.net
- Photographs of Harrier G R Mk 7 deployed aboard HMS Illustrious
- Defense Industry Daily: AV-8B Harrier finding Success in Iraq (March 30, 2005) Diarsipkan 2007-02-24 di Archive.is
- http://www.youtube.com How the Harrier hovers
- BAE Harrier II GR9, Price - $ 30 million $ 35 million U.S. with Upgrades * (Financial Year 2013)