Lompat ke isi

Gunung Erciyes: Perbedaan antara revisi

Koordinat: 38°31′52″N 35°26′49″E / 38.531°N 35.447°E / 38.531; 35.447
Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Muhammad Anas Sidik (bicara | kontrib)
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan
 
(12 revisi perantara oleh 5 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1: Baris 1:
{{Orphan|date=Januari 2023}}

{{Infobox mountain
{{Infobox mountain
|name=Mount Erciyes
|name=Gunung Erciyes
|photo=Erciyes From Aktepe Goreme.JPG
|photo=Erciyes From Aktepe Goreme.JPG
|photo_caption=Pemandangan jauh dari Gunung Erciyes, yang terlihat dari [[Göreme]]
|photo_caption=Pemandangan jauh dari Gunung Erciyes, yang terlihat dari [[Göreme]]
Baris 8: Baris 10:
|elevation_m=3917
|elevation_m=3917
|prominence_m=2419
|prominence_m=2419
|prominence_ref=<ref>http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/turkey.html</ref>
|prominence_ref=<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/turkey.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2018-11-11 |archive-date=2018-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111215403/http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/turkey.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|listing=[[Puncak yang sangat menonjol|Ultra]]
|listing=[[Puncak yang sangat menonjol|Ultra]]
|range=
|range=
Baris 26: Baris 28:


== Etimologi ==
== Etimologi ==
Erciyes secara historis dikenal sebagai Argaeus, nama yang berasal dari raja [[Makedonia (kerajaan kuno)|Makedonia]], [[Argaeus I dari Makedonia|Argaeus I]] (678{{snd}}640{{nbsp}}[[Anno Domini|SM]]).{{sfn|Sarıkaya|Zreda|Çiner|2009|p=2328}} Sementara itu, gunung Argaeus yang berada [[bulan]] dinamai dari nama lama gunung ini.<ref name="Planetarynames" />
Erciyes dahulu dikenal sebagai Argaeus, nama yang berasal dari raja [[Makedonia (kerajaan kuno)|Makedonia]], [[Argaeus I dari Makedonia|Argaeus I]] (678{{snd}}640{{nbsp}}[[Anno Domini|SM]]).{{sfn|Sarıkaya|Zreda|Çiner|2009|p=2328}} Sementara itu, gunung Argaeus yang berada di [[bulan]] dinamai dari nama lama gunung ini.<ref name="Planetarynames" />


== Geologi dan geomorfologi ==
== Geologi dan geomorfologi ==
Erciyes terletak di [[Provinsi Kayseri]], [[Turki]].<ref name="Vural2008" /> Kota [[Kayseri]] terletak {{convert|15|km}}{{sfn|Kurkcuoglu|Sen|Temel|Aydar|2001|p=510}}-{{convert|25|km}}{{sfn|Dogan|Dogan|Peate|Dogruel|2011|p=387}} sebelah utara gunung berapi Erciyes. Kota-kota lain di kawasan ini adalah [[Talas, Turki|Talas]] dan [[Hacılar|Hacilar]], juga berada di utara Erciyes tetapi lebih dekat dengan gunung berapi ini, masing-masing berjarak sekitar {{convert|19|km}} dan {{convert|12|km}}. Kota [[Develi]], juga terletak dekat dengan gunung ini, tepatnya berada di sebelah selatan gunung berapi.{{sfn|Şen|Kürkcüoğlu|Aydar|Gourgaud|2003|p=229,244}} Akses ke area puncak gunung cukup sulit.{{sfn|Dogan|Dogan|Peate|Dogruel|2011|p=388}} Para pendaki di zaman dahulu melaporkan bahwa, baik [[Laut Hitam]] dan [[Laut Mediterania|Mediterania]] dapat terlihat dari puncak gunung.<ref name="Strabo" />
Erciyes terletak di [[Provinsi Kayseri]], [[Turki]].<ref name="Vural2008" /> Kota [[Kayseri]] terletak {{convert|15|km}}{{sfn|Kurkcuoglu|Sen|Temel|Aydar|2001|p=510}}-{{convert|25|km}}{{sfn|Dogan|Dogan|Peate|Dogruel|2011|p=387}} sebelah utara gunung berapi Erciyes. Kota-kota lain di kawasan ini adalah [[Talas, Turki|Talas]] dan [[Hacılar|Hacilar]], juga berada di utara Erciyes tetapi lebih dekat dengan gunung berapi ini, masing-masing berjarak sekitar {{convert|19|km}} dan {{convert|12|km}}. Kota [[Develi]], juga terletak dekat dengan gunung ini, tepatnya berada di sebelah selatan gunung berapi.{{sfn|Şen|Kürkcüoğlu|Aydar|Gourgaud|2003|p=229,244}} Akses ke area puncak gunung cukup sulit.{{sfn|Dogan|Dogan|Peate|Dogruel|2011|p=388}} Para pendaki pada zaman dahulu melaporkan bahwa, baik [[Laut Hitam]] dan [[Laut Mediterania|Mediterania]] dapat terlihat dari puncak gunung.<ref name="Strabo" />


== Iklim dan biologi ==
== Iklim dan biologi ==
Iklim di daerah gunung ini dipengaruhi oleh topografi, hal ini dikarenakan [[Pegunungan Taurus]] dan [[Pegunungan Kaçkar|Kaçkar]] menghalangi masuknya [[kelembaban]] ke Anatolia. Musim panas di sini menghasilkan kondisi yang kering dan panas sementara musim dingin cenderung basah dan dingin; di Kayseri, suhu musim panas sekitar {{convert|19|C}} dan suhu musim dinginnya sekitar {{convert|0|C}}. Hujan di Kayseri sebagian besar terjadi di musim gugur, musim dingin, dan musim semi dan curah hujannya mencapai {{convert|383|mm}} per tahun.{{sfn|Sarıkaya|Zreda|Çiner|2009|p=2328}} Di Develi, sebelah selatan Erciyes, suhu maksimumnya sekitar {{convert|29.5|C}} dan suhu minimumnya {{convert|-5.6|C}}.{{sfn|Halici|John|Aksoy|2005|p=569,570}} Perkiraan suhu pada ketinggian {{convert|2700|m}} sekitar {{convert|-0.4|C}}, dan curah hujannya {{convert|722|mm}} per tahun.{{sfn|Sarıkaya|Zreda|Çiner|2009|p=2330}} Secara keseluruhan, gunung ini memiliki [[iklim kontinental]].{{sfn|Ünaldi|2007|p=140}}
Iklim di daerah gunung ini dipengaruhi oleh topografi, hal ini dikarenakan [[Pegunungan Taurus]] dan [[Pegunungan Kaçkar|Kaçkar]] menghalangi masuknya [[kelembaban]] ke Anatolia. Musim panas di sini menghasilkan kondisi yang kering dan panas sementara musim dingin cenderung basah dan dingin; di Kayseri, suhu musim panas sekitar {{convert|19|C}} dan suhu musim dinginnya sekitar {{convert|0|C}}. Hujan di Kayseri sebagian besar terjadi di musim gugur, musim dingin, dan musim semi dan curah hujannya mencapai {{convert|383|mm}} per tahun.{{sfn|Sarıkaya|Zreda|Çiner|2009|p=2328}} Di Develi, sebelah selatan Erciyes, suhu maksimumnya sekitar {{convert|29.5|C}} dan suhu minimumnya {{convert|-5.6|C}}.{{sfn|Halici|John|Aksoy|2005|p=569,570}} Perkiraan suhu pada ketinggian 2.700 m sekitar {{convert|-0.4|C}}, dan curah hujannya {{convert|722|mm}} per tahun.{{sfn|Sarıkaya|Zreda|Çiner|2009|p=2330}} Secara keseluruhan, gunung ini memiliki [[iklim kontinental]].{{sfn|Ünaldi|2007|p=140}}


Empat sabuk [[vegetasi]] mengelilingi gunung ini, di antaranya adalah boreal, subalpine, alpine, dan subnival.{{sfn|Halici|John|Aksoy|2005|p=577}} Hingga ketinggian {{convert|1000||1100|m}}, vegetasi [[stepa]] mendominasi. Lebih jauh lagi, di ketinggian antara {{convert|1100||2500|m}}, terdapat hutan-hutan yang berisikan ''[[Juniperus]]'', ''[[Populus tremula]]'' dan ''[[Quercus]]'' di mana lingkungan tersebut belum terlalu dijamah oleh aktivitas manusia. Pada ketinggian yang lebih tinggi, terdapat padang rumput gunung.{{sfn|Ünaldi|2007|p=141}} Spesies yang ditemukan di sabuk vegetasi gunung ini sangat berbeda dari daerah yang sama di pegunungan Eropa Barat.{{sfn|Halici|John|Aksoy|2005|p=577}}
Empat sabuk [[vegetasi]] mengelilingi gunung ini, di antaranya adalah boreal, subalpine, alpine, dan subnival.{{sfn|Halici|John|Aksoy|2005|p=577}} Hingga ketinggian 1.000 1.100 m, vegetasi [[stepa]] mendominasi. Lebih jauh lagi, di ketinggian antara 1.100 2.500 m, terdapat hutan-hutan yang berisikan ''[[Juniperus]]'', ''[[Populus tremula]]'' dan ''[[Quercus]]'' di mana lingkungan tersebut belum terlalu dijamah oleh aktivitas manusia. Pada ketinggian yang lebih tinggi, terdapat padang rumput gunung.{{sfn|Ünaldi|2007|p=141}} Spesies yang ditemukan di sabuk vegetasi gunung ini sangat berbeda dari daerah yang sama di pegunungan Eropa Barat.{{sfn|Halici|John|Aksoy|2005|p=577}}


[[Flora]] yang ada di Erciyes cukup beragam. Sejumlah spesies tumbuhan [[endemik]] telah teridentifikasi, termasuk di antaranya adalah ''[[Astragalus argaeus]]'', ''[[Astragalus stenosemioides]]'', ''[[Asyneuma trichostegium]]'', ''[[Bellardiochloa argaea]]'', ''[[Dianthus crinitus]] argaeus'', ''[[Festuca cratericola]]'', ''[[Festuca woronowii]] argaea'', ''[[Hieracium argaeum]]'', ''[[Onobrychis argaea]]'', dan ''[[Vicia canescens]] argaea''.<ref name="Vural2008" /> Tanaman ''[[Silene]] erciyesdaghensis'' ditemukan di Erciyes dan dinamai berdasarkan nama gunung di mana tanaman ini ditemukan.<ref name="AksoyHamzaoglu2008" /> Ahli geografi [[Strabo]] mengklaim bahwa, pada jaman dahulu, gunung berapi ini berhutan.<ref name="Strabo" /> Sejumlah spesies hewan endemik dan relik juga dapat ditemukan di Erciyes,<ref name="Akbulut2014" /> serta kaya akan flora [[lumut kerak]].{{sfn|Halici|John|Aksoy|2005|p=567}} Gembala, pemukiman, dan pariwisata telah mengubah vegetasi alami gunung.{{sfn|Halici|John|Aksoy|2005|p=568}}
[[Flora]] yang ada di Erciyes cukup beragam. Sejumlah spesies tumbuhan [[endemik]] telah teridentifikasi, termasuk di antaranya adalah ''[[Astragalus argaeus]]'', ''[[Astragalus stenosemioides]]'', ''[[Asyneuma trichostegium]]'', ''[[Bellardiochloa argaea]]'', ''[[Dianthus crinitus]] argaeus'', ''[[Festuca cratericola]]'', ''[[Festuca woronowii]] argaea'', ''[[Hieracium argaeum]]'', ''[[Onobrychis argaea]]'', dan ''[[Vicia canescens]] argaea''.<ref name="Vural2008" /> Tanaman ''[[Silene]] erciyesdaghensis'' ditemukan di Erciyes dan dinamai berdasarkan nama gunung di mana tanaman ini ditemukan.<ref name="AksoyHamzaoglu2008" /> Ahli geografi [[Strabo]] mengklaim bahwa, pada zaman dahulu, gunung berapi ini berhutan.<ref name="Strabo" /> Sejumlah spesies hewan endemik dan relik juga dapat ditemukan di Erciyes,<ref name="Akbulut2014" /> serta kaya akan flora [[lumut kerak]].{{sfn|Halici|John|Aksoy|2005|p=567}} Aktivitas penggembalaan, pemukiman, dan pariwisata di gunung ini telah mengubah vegetasi alami gunung.{{sfn|Halici|John|Aksoy|2005|p=568}}


== Ancaman dan interaksi manusia ==
== Ancaman dan interaksi manusia ==
Baris 42: Baris 44:


Sekitar lima hotel terdapat di gunung ini, yang merupakan situs [[olahraga musim dingin]] utama. Pada tahun 2010, 324.221 [[wisatawan]] mengunjungi gunung Erciyes dan wilayah Kayseri, sebagian besar dari mereka adalah wisatawan domestik.<ref name="Akbulut2014" />
Sekitar lima hotel terdapat di gunung ini, yang merupakan situs [[olahraga musim dingin]] utama. Pada tahun 2010, 324.221 [[wisatawan]] mengunjungi gunung Erciyes dan wilayah Kayseri, sebagian besar dari mereka adalah wisatawan domestik.<ref name="Akbulut2014" />
<!--

== Catatan ==
== Catatan ==
{{notelist}}
{{notelist}}-->


== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="Neugebauer2017">{{cite journal|last1=Neugebauer|first1=Ina|last2=Wulf|first2=Sabine|last3=Schwab|first3=Markus J.|last4=Serb|first4=Johanna|last5=Plessen|first5=Birgit|last6=Appelt|first6=Oona|last7=Brauer|first7=Achim|title=Implications of S1 tephra findings in Dead Sea and Tayma palaeolake sediments for marine reservoir age estimation and palaeoclimate synchronisation|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|date=August 2017|volume=170|page=274|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.06.020|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379117300744|language=en|issn=0277-3791}}</ref>
<!--<ref name="Neugebauer2017">{{cite journal|last1=Neugebauer|first1=Ina|last2=Wulf|first2=Sabine|last3=Schwab|first3=Markus J.|last4=Serb|first4=Johanna|last5=Plessen|first5=Birgit|last6=Appelt|first6=Oona|last7=Brauer|first7=Achim|title=Implications of S1 tephra findings in Dead Sea and Tayma palaeolake sediments for marine reservoir age estimation and palaeoclimate synchronisation|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|date=August 2017|volume=170|page=274|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.06.020|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379117300744|language=en|issn=0277-3791}}</ref>
<ref name="ReberAkcar2014">{{Cite journal|last=Reber|first=Regina|last2=Akçar|first2=Naki|last3=Yesilyurt|first3=Serdar|last4=Yavuz|first4=Vural|last5=Tikhomirov|first5=Dmitry|last6=Kubik|first6=Peter W.|last7=Schlüchter|first7=Christian|date=2014-10-01|title=Glacier advances in northeastern Turkey before and during the global Last Glacial Maximum|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379114002893|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|volume=101|page=191|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.07.014}}</ref>
<ref name="ReberAkcar2014">{{Cite journal|last=Reber|first=Regina|last2=Akçar|first2=Naki|last3=Yesilyurt|first3=Serdar|last4=Yavuz|first4=Vural|last5=Tikhomirov|first5=Dmitry|last6=Kubik|first6=Peter W.|last7=Schlüchter|first7=Christian|date=2014-10-01|title=Glacier advances in northeastern Turkey before and during the global Last Glacial Maximum|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379114002893|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|volume=101|page=191|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.07.014}}</ref>-->
<ref name="AksoyHamzaoglu2008">{{Cite journal|last=Aksoy|first=Ahmet|last2=Hamzaoğlu|first2=Ergin|last3=Kiliç|first3=Semra|date=2008-12-01|title=A new species of Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00922.x/abstract|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|language=en|volume=158|issue=4|page=731|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00922.x|issn=1095-8339}}</ref>
<ref name="AksoyHamzaoglu2008">{{Cite journal|last=Aksoy|first=Ahmet|last2=Hamzaoğlu|first2=Ergin|last3=Kiliç|first3=Semra|date=2008-12-01|title=A new species of Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00922.x/abstract|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|language=en|volume=158|issue=4|page=731|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00922.x|issn=1095-8339|access-date=2018-11-11|archive-date=2017-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202061750/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00922.x/abstract|dead-url=no}}</ref><!--
<ref name="Pinar-Erdem1977">{{Cite book|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-3036-3_7|title=The Ocean Basins and Margins|last=Pinar-Erdem|first=Nuriye|last2=Ilhan|first2=Emin|date=1977-01-01|publisher=Springer US|isbn=9781468430387|editor-last=Nairn|editor-first=Alan E. M.|page=297|chapter=Outlines of the Stratigraphy and Tectonics of Turkey, with Notes on the Geology of Cyprus|doi=10.1007/978-1-4684-3036-3_7|editor-last2=Kanes|editor-first2=William H.|editor-last3=Stehli|editor-first3=Francis G.}}</ref>
<ref name="Pinar-Erdem1977">{{Cite book|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-3036-3_7|title=The Ocean Basins and Margins|last=Pinar-Erdem|first=Nuriye|last2=Ilhan|first2=Emin|date=1977-01-01|publisher=Springer US|isbn=9781468430387|editor-last=Nairn|editor-first=Alan E. M.|page=297|chapter=Outlines of the Stratigraphy and Tectonics of Turkey, with Notes on the Geology of Cyprus|doi=10.1007/978-1-4684-3036-3_7|editor-last2=Kanes|editor-first2=William H.|editor-last3=Stehli|editor-first3=Francis G.}}</ref>
<ref name="Aksu2003">{{Cite journal|last=Aksu|first=Ibrahim|date=2003-12-01|title=The Sultan's Journey and other Turkish Placename Stories|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1179/nam.2003.51.3-4.163|journal=Names|volume=51|issue=3–4|page=185|doi=10.1179/nam.2003.51.3-4.163|issn=0027-7738}}</ref>
<ref name="Aksu2003">{{Cite journal|last=Aksu|first=Ibrahim|date=2003-12-01|title=The Sultan's Journey and other Turkish Placename Stories|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1179/nam.2003.51.3-4.163|journal=Names|volume=51|issue=3–4|page=185|doi=10.1179/nam.2003.51.3-4.163|issn=0027-7738}}</ref>
Baris 56: Baris 58:
<ref name="Ciner2017">{{Cite journal|last=Çiner|first=Attila|last2=Sarıkaya|first2=Mehmet Akif|date=2017-01-01|title=Cosmogenic 36Cl geochronology of late Quaternary glaciers in the Bolkar Mountains, south central Turkey|url=http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/433/1/271|journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications|language=en|volume=433|issue=1|page=271|doi=10.1144/SP433.3|issn=0305-8719}}</ref>
<ref name="Ciner2017">{{Cite journal|last=Çiner|first=Attila|last2=Sarıkaya|first2=Mehmet Akif|date=2017-01-01|title=Cosmogenic 36Cl geochronology of late Quaternary glaciers in the Bolkar Mountains, south central Turkey|url=http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/433/1/271|journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications|language=en|volume=433|issue=1|page=271|doi=10.1144/SP433.3|issn=0305-8719}}</ref>
<ref name="BartonLane2015">{{Cite journal|last=Barton|first=R. N. E.|last2=Lane|first2=C. S.|last3=Albert|first3=P. G.|last4=White|first4=D.|last5=Collcutt|first5=S. N.|last6=Bouzouggar|first6=A.|last7=Ditchfield|first7=P.|last8=Farr|first8=L.|last9=Oh|first9=A.|date=2015-06-15|title=The role of cryptotephra in refining the chronology of Late Pleistocene human evolution and cultural change in North Africa|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379114003497|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|series=Synchronising Environmental and Archaeological Records using Volcanic Ash Isochrons|volume=118|page=163|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.008}}</ref>
<ref name="BartonLane2015">{{Cite journal|last=Barton|first=R. N. E.|last2=Lane|first2=C. S.|last3=Albert|first3=P. G.|last4=White|first4=D.|last5=Collcutt|first5=S. N.|last6=Bouzouggar|first6=A.|last7=Ditchfield|first7=P.|last8=Farr|first8=L.|last9=Oh|first9=A.|date=2015-06-15|title=The role of cryptotephra in refining the chronology of Late Pleistocene human evolution and cultural change in North Africa|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379114003497|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|series=Synchronising Environmental and Archaeological Records using Volcanic Ash Isochrons|volume=118|page=163|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.008}}</ref>
<ref name="AydarCubukcu2010">{{Cite journal|last=Aydar|first=Erkan|last2=Cubukcu|first2=H. Evren|last3=Sen|first3=Erdal|last4=Ersoy|first4=Orkun|last5=Duncan|first5=Robert A.|last6=Ciner|first6=Attila|date=2010-05-01|title=Timing of Cappadocian volcanic events and its significance on the development of Central Anatolian Orogenic Plateau|volume=12|page=10147|bibcode=2010EGUGA..1210147A}}</ref>
<ref name="AydarCubukcu2010">{{Cite journal|last=Aydar|first=Erkan|last2=Cubukcu|first2=H. Evren|last3=Sen|first3=Erdal|last4=Ersoy|first4=Orkun|last5=Duncan|first5=Robert A.|last6=Ciner|first6=Attila|date=2010-05-01|title=Timing of Cappadocian volcanic events and its significance on the development of Central Anatolian Orogenic Plateau|volume=12|page=10147|bibcode=2010EGUGA..1210147A}}</ref>-->
<ref name="Akbulut2014">{{Cite book|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-16191-9_6|title=Volcanic Tourist Destinations|last=Akbulut|first=Gülpınar|date=2014-01-01|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|isbn=9783642161902|editor-last=Erfurt-Cooper|editor-first=Patricia|series=Geoheritage, Geoparks and Geotourism|page=96|chapter=Volcano Tourism in Turkey|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-16191-9_6}}</ref>
<ref name="Akbulut2014">{{Cite book|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-16191-9_6|title=Volcanic Tourist Destinations|last=Akbulut|first=Gülpınar|date=2014-01-01|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|isbn=9783642161902|editor-last=Erfurt-Cooper|editor-first=Patricia|series=Geoheritage, Geoparks and Geotourism|page=96|chapter=Volcano Tourism in Turkey|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-16191-9_6|access-date=2018-11-11|archive-date=2018-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115195204/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-16191-9_6|dead-url=no}}</ref><!--
<ref name="Aydemir2009">{{Cite journal|last=Aydemir|first=Attila|date=2009-07-01|title=Tectonic investigation of Central Anatolia, Turkey, using geophysical data|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926985109000214|journal=Journal of Applied Geophysics|volume=68|issue=3|page=324|doi=10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.02.002}}</ref>
<ref name="Aydemir2009">{{Cite journal|last=Aydemir|first=Attila|date=2009-07-01|title=Tectonic investigation of Central Anatolia, Turkey, using geophysical data|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926985109000214|journal=Journal of Applied Geophysics|volume=68|issue=3|page=324|doi=10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.02.002}}</ref>-->
<ref name="GVP">{{Cite GVP|vn=213010|name=Erciyes Dagi}}</ref>
<ref name="GVP">{{Cite GVP|vn=213010|name=Erciyes Dagi}}</ref>
<ref name="Strabo">{{cite book|author1=Strabo|authorlink1=Strabo|title=Geographica, book 2|trans-title=Geography|orig-year=23|date=1924|edition=2|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-eng2:12.2.7|accessdate=28 January 2017|chapter=7}}</ref>
<ref name="Strabo">{{cite book|author1=Strabo|authorlink1=Strabo|title=Geographica, book 2|trans-title=Geography|orig-year=23|date=1924|edition=2|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-eng2:12.2.7|accessdate=28 January 2017|chapter=7|archive-date=2017-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202070318/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-eng2:12.2.7|dead-url=no}}</ref><!--
<ref name="Sarp2005">{{Cite journal|last=Sarp|first=Halil|last2=ČernÝ|first2=Radovan|date=2005-04-01|title=Yazganite, NaFe3+ 2(Mg,Mn)(AsO4)3·H2O, a new mineral: its description and crystal structure|url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/schweiz/ejm/2005/00000017/00000002/art00019|journal=European Journal of Mineralogy|volume=17|issue=2|page=367|doi=10.1127/0935-1221/2005/0017-0367}}</ref>
<ref name="Sarp2005">{{Cite journal|last=Sarp|first=Halil|last2=ČernÝ|first2=Radovan|date=2005-04-01|title=Yazganite, NaFe3+ 2(Mg,Mn)(AsO4)3·H2O, a new mineral: its description and crystal structure|url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/schweiz/ejm/2005/00000017/00000002/art00019|journal=European Journal of Mineralogy|volume=17|issue=2|page=367|doi=10.1127/0935-1221/2005/0017-0367}}</ref>-->
<ref name="Vural2008">{{Cite journal|last=Vural|first=Cem|date=2008-09-01|title=A new species of Dianthus (Caryophyllaceae) from Mount Erciyes, central Anatolia, Turkey|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00843.x/abstract|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|language=en|volume=158|issue=1|pages=55–61|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00843.x|issn=1095-8339}}</ref>
<ref name="Vural2008">{{Cite journal|last=Vural|first=Cem|date=2008-09-01|title=A new species of Dianthus (Caryophyllaceae) from Mount Erciyes, central Anatolia, Turkey|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00843.x/abstract|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|language=en|volume=158|issue=1|pages=55–61|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00843.x|issn=1095-8339|access-date=2018-11-11|archive-date=2017-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202055234/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00843.x/abstract|dead-url=no}}</ref><!--
<ref name="Bayari2006">{{Cite book|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/1-4020-4738-X_3|title=Groundwater and Ecosystems|last=Bayari|first=Sardar|last2=Ozyurt|first2=N. N.|last3=Hatipoglu|first3=Z.|last4=Kilani|first4=S.|date=2006-01-01|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=9781402047367|editor-last=Baba|editor-first=Alper|language=en|doi=10.1007/1-4020-4738-x_3|editor-last2=Howard|editor-first2=Ken W. F.|editor-last3=Gunduz|editor-first3=Orhan|page=40}}</ref>
<ref name="Bayari2006">{{Cite book|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/1-4020-4738-X_3|title=Groundwater and Ecosystems|last=Bayari|first=Sardar|last2=Ozyurt|first2=N. N.|last3=Hatipoglu|first3=Z.|last4=Kilani|first4=S.|date=2006-01-01|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=9781402047367|editor-last=Baba|editor-first=Alper|language=en|doi=10.1007/1-4020-4738-x_3|editor-last2=Howard|editor-first2=Ken W. F.|editor-last3=Gunduz|editor-first3=Orhan|page=40}}</ref>-->
<ref name="Planetarynames">{{cite web|url=https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3974|title=Planetary Names: Mons, montes: Mons Argaeus on Moon|website=planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-01-26}}</ref>
<ref name="Planetarynames">{{cite web|url=https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3974|title=Planetary Names: Mons, montes: Mons Argaeus on Moon|website=planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-01-26|archive-date=2017-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202140652/https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3974|dead-url=no}}</ref>
}}
}}


=== Sumber ===
=== Sumber ===
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Cullen|first=Victoria L.|last2=Smith|first2=Victoria C.|last3=Helge|first3= Arz W.|date=2014-10-01|title=The detailed tephrostratigraphy of a core from the south‐east Black Sea spanning the last ∼60 ka|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.2739/abstract|journal=Journal of Quaternary Science|volume=29|issue=7|doi=10.1002/jqs.2739|issn=1099-1417|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Cullen|first=Victoria L.|last2=Smith|first2=Victoria C.|last3=Helge|first3=Arz W.|date=2014-10-01|title=The detailed tephrostratigraphy of a core from the south‐east Black Sea spanning the last ∼60 ka|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.2739/abstract|journal=Journal of Quaternary Science|volume=29|issue=7|doi=10.1002/jqs.2739|issn=1099-1417|ref=harv|access-date=2018-11-11|archive-date=2018-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312204925/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.2739/abstract|dead-url=no}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Develle|first=A-L.|last2=Williamson|first2=D.|last3=Gasse|first3=F.|last4=Walter-Simonnet|first4=A-V.|date=2009-10-10|title=Early Holocene volcanic ash fallout in the Yammoûneh lacustrine basin (Lebanon): Tephrochronological implications for the Near East|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027309003084|journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research|volume=186|issue=3–4|pages=416–425|doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.07.016|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Develle|first=A-L.|last2=Williamson|first2=D.|last3=Gasse|first3=F.|last4=Walter-Simonnet|first4=A-V.|date=2009-10-10|title=Early Holocene volcanic ash fallout in the Yammoûneh lacustrine basin (Lebanon): Tephrochronological implications for the Near East|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027309003084|journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research|volume=186|issue=3–4|pages=416–425|doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.07.016|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Dogan|first=A. Umran|last2=Dogan|first2=Meral|last3=Peate|first3=David W.|last4=Dogruel|first4=Zafer|date=2011-12-01|title=Textural and mineralogical diversity of compositionally homogeneous dacites from the summit of Mt. Erciyes, Central Anatolia, Turkey|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024493711002556|journal=[[Lithos (journal)|Lithos]]|volume=127|issue=3–4|pages=387–400|doi=10.1016/j.lithos.2011.09.003|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Dogan|first=A. Umran|last2=Dogan|first2=Meral|last3=Peate|first3=David W.|last4=Dogruel|first4=Zafer|date=2011-12-01|title=Textural and mineralogical diversity of compositionally homogeneous dacites from the summit of Mt. Erciyes, Central Anatolia, Turkey|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024493711002556|journal=[[Lithos (journal)|Lithos]]|volume=127|issue=3–4|pages=387–400|doi=10.1016/j.lithos.2011.09.003|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Erol|first=O.|date=1999-04-01|title=A geomorphological study of the Sultansazliǧi lake, central Anatolia|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379198001024|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|volume=18|issue=4–5|pages=647–657|doi=10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00102-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Erol|first=O.|date=1999-04-01|title=A geomorphological study of the Sultansazliǧi lake, central Anatolia|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379198001024|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|volume=18|issue=4–5|pages=647–657|doi=10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00102-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Gencalioglu-Kuscu|first=Gonca|date=2010-12-05|title=Geochemical characterization of a Quaternary monogenetic volcano in Erciyes Volcanic Complex: Cora Maar (Central Anatolian Volcanic Province, Turkey)|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00531-010-0620-4|journal=International Journal of Earth Sciences|language=en|volume=100|issue=8|pages=1967–1985|doi=10.1007/s00531-010-0620-4|issn=1437-3254|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Gencalioglu-Kuscu|first=Gonca|date=2010-12-05|title=Geochemical characterization of a Quaternary monogenetic volcano in Erciyes Volcanic Complex: Cora Maar (Central Anatolian Volcanic Province, Turkey)|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00531-010-0620-4|journal=International Journal of Earth Sciences|language=en|volume=100|issue=8|pages=1967–1985|doi=10.1007/s00531-010-0620-4|issn=1437-3254|ref=harv|access-date=2018-11-11|archive-date=2018-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112022934/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00531-010-0620-4|dead-url=no}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Gençalioğlu-Kuşcu|first=Gonca|last2=Atilla|first2=Cüneyt|last3=Cas|first3=Ray A. F.|last4=Kuşcu|first4=İlkay|date=2007-01-01|title=Base surge deposits, eruption history, and depositional processes of a wet phreatomagmatic volcano in Central Anatolia (Cora Maar)|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027306003118|journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research|series=Maar-diatreme volcanism and associated processes|volume=159|issue=1–3|pages=198–209|doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.06.013|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Gençalioğlu-Kuşcu|first=Gonca|last2=Atilla|first2=Cüneyt|last3=Cas|first3=Ray A. F.|last4=Kuşcu|first4=İlkay|date=2007-01-01|title=Base surge deposits, eruption history, and depositional processes of a wet phreatomagmatic volcano in Central Anatolia (Cora Maar)|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027306003118|journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research|series=Maar-diatreme volcanism and associated processes|volume=159|issue=1–3|pages=198–209|doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.06.013|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=GÜÇTEKİN|first=AYKUT|last2=KÖPRÜBAŞI|first2=NEZİHİ|date=2009-03-06|title=Geochemical Characteristics of Mafic and Intermediate Volcanic Rocks from the Hasandağ and Erciyes Volcanoes (Central Anatolia, Turkey)|url=http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/earth/abstract.htm?id=9891|journal=Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=18|issue=1|issn=1300-0985|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=GÜÇTEKİN|first=AYKUT|last2=KÖPRÜBAŞI|first2=NEZİHİ|date=2009-03-06|title=Geochemical Characteristics of Mafic and Intermediate Volcanic Rocks from the Hasandağ and Erciyes Volcanoes (Central Anatolia, Turkey)|url=http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/earth/abstract.htm?id=9891|journal=Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=18|issue=1|issn=1300-0985|ref=harv|access-date=2018-11-11|archive-date=2017-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031703/http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/earth/abstract.htm?id=9891|dead-url=no}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Halici|first1=M. G.|last2=John|first2=V.|last3=Aksoy|first3=A.|title=Lichens of Erciyes Mountain (Kayseri, Turkey)|journal=Flora Mediterranea|date=2005|issue=15|pages=567–580|url=http://www1.unipa.it/herbmed/flora/15-567.pdf|accessdate=29 January 2017|ref=harv|issn=1120-4052}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Halici|first1=M. G.|last2=John|first2=V.|last3=Aksoy|first3=A.|title=Lichens of Erciyes Mountain (Kayseri, Turkey)|journal=Flora Mediterranea|date=2005|issue=15|pages=567–580|url=http://www1.unipa.it/herbmed/flora/15-567.pdf|accessdate=29 January 2017|ref=harv|issn=1120-4052|archive-date=2017-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202041441/http://www1.unipa.it/herbmed/flora/15-567.pdf|dead-url=no}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Hamann|first=Y.|last2=Wulf|first2=S.|last3=Ersoy|first3=O.|last4=Ehrmann|first4=W.|last5=Aydar|first5=E.|last6=Schmiedl|first6=G.|date=2010-05-01|title=First evidence of a distal early Holocene ash layer in Eastern Mediterranean deep-sea sediments derived from the Anatolian volcanic province|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003358940900163X|journal=Quaternary Research|volume=73|issue=3|pages=497–506|doi=10.1016/j.yqres.2009.12.004|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Hamann|first=Y.|last2=Wulf|first2=S.|last3=Ersoy|first3=O.|last4=Ehrmann|first4=W.|last5=Aydar|first5=E.|last6=Schmiedl|first6=G.|date=2010-05-01|title=First evidence of a distal early Holocene ash layer in Eastern Mediterranean deep-sea sediments derived from the Anatolian volcanic province|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003358940900163X|journal=Quaternary Research|volume=73|issue=3|pages=497–506|doi=10.1016/j.yqres.2009.12.004|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Hayakawa|first1=Y. S.|last2=Yoshida|first2=H.|last3=Obanawa|first3=H.|last4=Naruhashi|first4=R.|last5=Okumura|first5=K.|last6=Zaiki|first6=M.|last7=Kontani|first7=R.|title=Characteristics of debris avalanche deposits inferred from source volume estimate and hummock morphology around Mt. Erciyes, central Turkey|journal=Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.|date=7 February 2018|volume=18|issue=2|pages=429–444|doi=10.5194/nhess-18-429-2018|url=https://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/18/429/2018/|ref=harv|issn=1684-9981}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Hayakawa|first1=Y. S.|last2=Yoshida|first2=H.|last3=Obanawa|first3=H.|last4=Naruhashi|first4=R.|last5=Okumura|first5=K.|last6=Zaiki|first6=M.|last7=Kontani|first7=R.|title=Characteristics of debris avalanche deposits inferred from source volume estimate and hummock morphology around Mt. Erciyes, central Turkey|journal=Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.|date=7 February 2018|volume=18|issue=2|pages=429–444|doi=10.5194/nhess-18-429-2018|url=https://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/18/429/2018/|ref=harv|issn=1684-9981|access-date=2018-11-11|archive-date=2018-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111215359/https://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/18/429/2018/|dead-url=no}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Innocenti|first=F.|last2=Mazzuoli|first2=R.|last3=Pasquarè|first3=G.|last4=Brozolo|first4=F. Radicati Di|last5=Villari|first5=L.|date=1975-07-01|title=The Neogene calcalkaline volcanism of Central Anatolia: geochronological data on Kayseri—Nigde area|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/div-classtitlethe-neogene-calcalkaline-volcanism-of-central-anatolia-geochronological-data-on-kayserinigde-areadiv/DC0268AB5A112F9BA847040133494D40|journal=Geological Magazine|volume=112|issue=4|pages=349–360|doi=10.1017/S0016756800046744|issn=1469-5081|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Innocenti|first=F.|last2=Mazzuoli|first2=R.|last3=Pasquarè|first3=G.|last4=Brozolo|first4=F. Radicati Di|last5=Villari|first5=L.|date=1975-07-01|title=The Neogene calcalkaline volcanism of Central Anatolia: geochronological data on Kayseri—Nigde area|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/div-classtitlethe-neogene-calcalkaline-volcanism-of-central-anatolia-geochronological-data-on-kayserinigde-areadiv/DC0268AB5A112F9BA847040133494D40|journal=Geological Magazine|volume=112|issue=4|pages=349–360|doi=10.1017/S0016756800046744|issn=1469-5081|ref=harv|access-date=2018-11-11|archive-date=2017-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202114446/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/div-classtitlethe-neogene-calcalkaline-volcanism-of-central-anatolia-geochronological-data-on-kayserinigde-areadiv/DC0268AB5A112F9BA847040133494D40|dead-url=no}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Koçyiğit|first=Ali|last2=Erol|first2=Oğuz|date=2001-01-01|title=A tectonic escape structure: Erciyes pull-apart basin, Kayseri, central Anatolia, Turkey|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2001.11432439|journal=Geodinamica Acta|volume=14|issue=1–3|pages=133–145|doi=10.1080/09853111.2001.11432439|issn=0985-3111|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Koçyiğit|first=Ali|last2=Erol|first2=Oğuz|date=2001-01-01|title=A tectonic escape structure: Erciyes pull-apart basin, Kayseri, central Anatolia, Turkey|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2001.11432439|journal=Geodinamica Acta|volume=14|issue=1–3|pages=133–145|doi=10.1080/09853111.2001.11432439|issn=0985-3111|ref=harv|access-date=2018-11-11|archive-date=2023-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810170056/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09853111.2001.11432439|dead-url=no}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Kürkçüoglu|first=Biltan|last2=Sen|first2=Erdal|last3=Aydar|first3=Erkan|last4=Gourgaud|first4=Alain|last5=Gündogdu|first5=Niyazi|date=1998-10-01|title=Geochemical approach to magmatic evolution of Mt. Erciyes stratovolcano Central Anatolia, Turkey|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027398000675|journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research|volume=85|issue=1–4|pages=473–494|doi=10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00067-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Kürkçüoglu|first=Biltan|last2=Sen|first2=Erdal|last3=Aydar|first3=Erkan|last4=Gourgaud|first4=Alain|last5=Gündogdu|first5=Niyazi|date=1998-10-01|title=Geochemical approach to magmatic evolution of Mt. Erciyes stratovolcano Central Anatolia, Turkey|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027398000675|journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research|volume=85|issue=1–4|pages=473–494|doi=10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00067-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Kurkcuoglu|first=B.|last2=Sen|first2=E.|last3=Temel|first3=A.|last4=Aydar|first4=E.|last5=Gourgaud|first5=A.|date=2001-06-01|title=Trace-Element Modeling and Source Constraints for Tholeiitic and Cale-alkaline Basalts from a Depleted Asthenospheric Mantle Source, Mt. Erciyes Stratovolcano, Turkey|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206810109465029|journal=International Geology Review|volume=43|issue=6|pages=508–522|doi=10.1080/00206810109465029|issn=0020-6814|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Kurkcuoglu|first=B.|last2=Sen|first2=E.|last3=Temel|first3=A.|last4=Aydar|first4=E.|last5=Gourgaud|first5=A.|date=2001-06-01|title=Trace-Element Modeling and Source Constraints for Tholeiitic and Cale-alkaline Basalts from a Depleted Asthenospheric Mantle Source, Mt. Erciyes Stratovolcano, Turkey|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206810109465029|journal=International Geology Review|volume=43|issue=6|pages=508–522|doi=10.1080/00206810109465029|issn=0020-6814|ref=harv|access-date=2018-11-11|archive-date=2023-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810170600/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00206810109465029|dead-url=no}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Kürkcüoglu|first=Biltan|last2=sen|first2=Erdal|last3=Temel|first3=Abidin|last4=Aydar|first4=Erkan|last5=Gourgaud|first5=Alain|date=2004-03-01|title=Interaction of Asthenospheric and Lithospheric Mantle: The Genesis of Calc-alkaline Volcanism at Erciyes Volcano, Central Anatolia, Turkey|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.46.3.243|journal=International Geology Review|volume=46|issue=3|pages=243–258|doi=10.2747/0020-6814.46.3.243|issn=0020-6814|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Kürkcüoglu|first=Biltan|last2=sen|first2=Erdal|last3=Temel|first3=Abidin|last4=Aydar|first4=Erkan|last5=Gourgaud|first5=Alain|date=2004-03-01|title=Interaction of Asthenospheric and Lithospheric Mantle: The Genesis of Calc-alkaline Volcanism at Erciyes Volcano, Central Anatolia, Turkey|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.46.3.243|journal=International Geology Review|volume=46|issue=3|pages=243–258|doi=10.2747/0020-6814.46.3.243|issn=0020-6814|ref=harv|access-date=2018-11-11|archive-date=2023-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810170625/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2747/0020-6814.46.3.243|dead-url=no}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Notsu|first1=K.|last2=Fujitani|first2=T.|last3=Ui|first3=T.|last4=Matsuda|first4=J.|last5=Ercan|first5=T.|title=Geochemical features of collision-related volcanic rocks in central and eastern Anatolia, Turkey|journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research|volume=64|issue=3–4|year=1995|pages=171–191|issn=0377-0273|doi=10.1016/0377-0273(94)00077-T|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Notsu|first1=K.|last2=Fujitani|first2=T.|last3=Ui|first3=T.|last4=Matsuda|first4=J.|last5=Ercan|first5=T.|title=Geochemical features of collision-related volcanic rocks in central and eastern Anatolia, Turkey|journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research|volume=64|issue=3–4|year=1995|pages=171–191|issn=0377-0273|doi=10.1016/0377-0273(94)00077-T|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Sarıkaya|first=Mehmet Akif|last2=Zreda|first2=Marek|last3=Çiner|first3=Attila|date=2009-11-01|title=Glaciations and paleoclimate of Mount Erciyes, central Turkey, since the Last Glacial Maximum, inferred from 36Cl cosmogenic dating and glacier modeling|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379109001425|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|volume=28|issue=23–24|pages=2326–2341|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.04.015|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Sarıkaya|first=Mehmet Akif|last2=Zreda|first2=Marek|last3=Çiner|first3=Attila|date=2009-11-01|title=Glaciations and paleoclimate of Mount Erciyes, central Turkey, since the Last Glacial Maximum, inferred from 36Cl cosmogenic dating and glacier modeling|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379109001425|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|volume=28|issue=23–24|pages=2326–2341|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.04.015|ref=harv|access-date=2018-11-11|archive-date=2012-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731075027/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379109001425|dead-url=no}}
* {{Cite journal|date=2002|last=Sen|first=Erdal|last2=Aydar|first2=Erkan|last3=Gourgaud|first3=Alain|last4=Kurkcuoglu|first4=Biltan|title=La phase explosive précédant l'extrusion des dômes volcaniques : exemple du dôme rhyodacitique de Dikkartin Dag, Erciyes, Anatolie centrale, Turquie|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1631-0713(02)01698-X|journal=Comptes Rendus Geoscience|volume=334|issue=1|pages=27–33|doi=10.1016/s1631-0713(02)01698-x|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|date=2002|last=Sen|first=Erdal|last2=Aydar|first2=Erkan|last3=Gourgaud|first3=Alain|last4=Kurkcuoglu|first4=Biltan|title=La phase explosive précédant l'extrusion des dômes volcaniques : exemple du dôme rhyodacitique de Dikkartin Dag, Erciyes, Anatolie centrale, Turquie|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1631-0713(02)01698-X|journal=Comptes Rendus Geoscience|volume=334|issue=1|pages=27–33|doi=10.1016/s1631-0713(02)01698-x|ref=harv|access-date=2018-11-11|archive-date=2023-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810170606/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S163107130201698X?via%3Dihub|dead-url=no}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Şen|first1=Erdal|last2=Kürkcüoğlu|first2=Biltan|last3=Aydar|first3=Erkan|last4=Gourgaud|first4=Alain|last5=Vincent|first5=Pierre M.|title=Volcanological evolution of Mount Erciyes stratovolcano and origin of the Valibaba Tepe ignimbrite (Central Anatolia, Turkey)|journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research|volume=125|issue=3–4|year=2003|pages=225–246|issn=0377-0273|doi=10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00110-0|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Şen|first1=Erdal|last2=Kürkcüoğlu|first2=Biltan|last3=Aydar|first3=Erkan|last4=Gourgaud|first4=Alain|last5=Vincent|first5=Pierre M.|title=Volcanological evolution of Mount Erciyes stratovolcano and origin of the Valibaba Tepe ignimbrite (Central Anatolia, Turkey)|journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research|volume=125|issue=3–4|year=2003|pages=225–246|issn=0377-0273|doi=10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00110-0|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Ünaldi|first1=Ülkü Eser|title=A Negative Example Area In Human - Natural Environment Relationship: Erciyes Mountain (Turkiye)|journal=Humanity & Social Sciences Journ|date=2007|volume=2|issue=2|pages=139–147|url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.494.7318&rep=rep1&type=pdf|accessdate=29 January 2017|ref=harv|issn=1818-4960|citeseerx=10.1.1.494.7318}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Ünaldi|first1=Ülkü Eser|title=A Negative Example Area In Human - Natural Environment Relationship: Erciyes Mountain (Turkiye)|journal=Humanity & Social Sciences Journ|date=2007|volume=2|issue=2|pages=139–147|url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.494.7318&rep=rep1&type=pdf|accessdate=29 January 2017|ref=harv|issn=1818-4960|citeseerx=10.1.1.494.7318|archive-date=2017-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202200440/http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.494.7318&rep=rep1&type=pdf|dead-url=no}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


== Pranala luar ==
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Commons category-inline}}
* [http://www.erciyeskayakmerkezi.com/ Ski Resort]
* [http://www.erciyeskayakmerkezi.com/ Ski Resort] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329102820/https://www.erciyeskayakmerkezi.com/ |date=2023-03-29 }}
* [http://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=213010 Global Volcanism Program page about Mount Erciyes]
* [http://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=213010 Global Volcanism Program page about Mount Erciyes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924061527/http://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=213010 |date=2015-09-24 }}

{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Erciyes}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Erciyes}}
[[Kategori:Gunung di Turki]]
[[Kategori:Gunung di Turki]]
[[Kategori:Gunung berapi di Turki]]

Revisi terkini sejak 15 Juni 2024 11.43


Gunung Erciyes
Pemandangan jauh dari Gunung Erciyes, yang terlihat dari Göreme
Titik tertinggi
Ketinggian3.917 m (12.851 ft)
Puncak2.419 m (7.936 ft)[1]
Masuk dalam daftarUltra
Koordinat38°31′52″N 35°26′49″E / 38.531°N 35.447°E / 38.531; 35.447[2]
Geografi
LetakProvinsi Kayseri, Turki
Geologi
Jenis gunungGunung berapi kerucut
Letusan terakhir6880 SM ± 40 tahun[2]

Gunung Erciyes (bahasa Turki: Erciyes Dağı), juga dikenal sebagai Argaeus, adalah sebuah gunung berapi di Turki. Erciyes merupakan gunung berapi kerucut besar yang dikelilingi oleh banyak bidang vulkanik monogenetik dan kubah lava, serta satu maar. Sebagian besar gunung berapi ini terbentuk oleh aliran lava yang mengandung material andesit dan dasit. Pada suatu waktu di masa lalu, bagian dari puncak gunung runtuh ke arah timur.

Gunung berapi ini mulai terbentuk pada zaman miosen. Pada awalnya, gunung berapi yang berada lebih jauh ke timur bernama Koç Dağ terbentuk dari aliran lava. Kemudian, di timur juga, letusan besar membentuk kaldera. Selama zaman pleistosen, Gunung Erciyes tumbuh di dalam kaldera bersama dengan sekelompok kubah lava. Erupsi lateral Erciyes mungkin telah menghasilkan lapisan abu di Laut Hitam dan Mediterania selama zaman holosen awal.

Letusan terakhir gunung ini terjadi selama zaman holosen awal dan mungkin telah mengendapkan abu hingga ke Palestina; terjadinya sejarah vulkanisme Erciyes tidak dapat dipastikan dengan pasti. Letusan Erciyes di masa mendatang dapat membahayakan kota-kota di utara gunung tersebut. Gunung berapi ini tertutup oleh gletser selama zaman pleistosen, dan satu gletser masih ada hingga hari ini, akan tetapi sudah mulai menghilang.

Etimologi

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Erciyes dahulu dikenal sebagai Argaeus, nama yang berasal dari raja Makedonia, Argaeus I (678 – 640 SM).[3] Sementara itu, gunung Argaeus yang berada di bulan dinamai dari nama lama gunung ini.[4]

Geologi dan geomorfologi

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Erciyes terletak di Provinsi Kayseri, Turki.[5] Kota Kayseri terletak 15 kilometer (9,3 mi)[6]-25 kilometer (16 mi)[7] sebelah utara gunung berapi Erciyes. Kota-kota lain di kawasan ini adalah Talas dan Hacilar, juga berada di utara Erciyes tetapi lebih dekat dengan gunung berapi ini, masing-masing berjarak sekitar 19 kilometer (12 mi) dan 12 kilometer (7,5 mi). Kota Develi, juga terletak dekat dengan gunung ini, tepatnya berada di sebelah selatan gunung berapi.[8] Akses ke area puncak gunung cukup sulit.[9] Para pendaki pada zaman dahulu melaporkan bahwa, baik Laut Hitam dan Mediterania dapat terlihat dari puncak gunung.[10]

Iklim dan biologi

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Iklim di daerah gunung ini dipengaruhi oleh topografi, hal ini dikarenakan Pegunungan Taurus dan Kaçkar menghalangi masuknya kelembaban ke Anatolia. Musim panas di sini menghasilkan kondisi yang kering dan panas sementara musim dingin cenderung basah dan dingin; di Kayseri, suhu musim panas sekitar 19 °C (66 °F) dan suhu musim dinginnya sekitar 0 °C (32 °F). Hujan di Kayseri sebagian besar terjadi di musim gugur, musim dingin, dan musim semi dan curah hujannya mencapai 383 milimeter (15,1 in) per tahun.[3] Di Develi, sebelah selatan Erciyes, suhu maksimumnya sekitar 295 °C (563 °F) dan suhu minimumnya −56 °C (−69 °F).[11] Perkiraan suhu pada ketinggian 2.700 m sekitar −04 °C (25 °F), dan curah hujannya 722 milimeter (28,4 in) per tahun.[12] Secara keseluruhan, gunung ini memiliki iklim kontinental.[13]

Empat sabuk vegetasi mengelilingi gunung ini, di antaranya adalah boreal, subalpine, alpine, dan subnival.[14] Hingga ketinggian 1.000 – 1.100 m, vegetasi stepa mendominasi. Lebih jauh lagi, di ketinggian antara 1.100 – 2.500 m, terdapat hutan-hutan yang berisikan Juniperus, Populus tremula dan Quercus di mana lingkungan tersebut belum terlalu dijamah oleh aktivitas manusia. Pada ketinggian yang lebih tinggi, terdapat padang rumput gunung.[15] Spesies yang ditemukan di sabuk vegetasi gunung ini sangat berbeda dari daerah yang sama di pegunungan Eropa Barat.[14]

Flora yang ada di Erciyes cukup beragam. Sejumlah spesies tumbuhan endemik telah teridentifikasi, termasuk di antaranya adalah Astragalus argaeus, Astragalus stenosemioides, Asyneuma trichostegium, Bellardiochloa argaea, Dianthus crinitus argaeus, Festuca cratericola, Festuca woronowii argaea, Hieracium argaeum, Onobrychis argaea, dan Vicia canescens argaea.[5] Tanaman Silene erciyesdaghensis ditemukan di Erciyes dan dinamai berdasarkan nama gunung di mana tanaman ini ditemukan.[16] Ahli geografi Strabo mengklaim bahwa, pada zaman dahulu, gunung berapi ini berhutan.[10] Sejumlah spesies hewan endemik dan relik juga dapat ditemukan di Erciyes,[17] serta kaya akan flora lumut kerak.[18] Aktivitas penggembalaan, pemukiman, dan pariwisata di gunung ini telah mengubah vegetasi alami gunung.[19]

Ancaman dan interaksi manusia

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Gunung Erciyes yang merupakan gunung berapi dikenal karena letusannya pada zaman dahulu, tepatnya sebelum pembentukan kubah lava. Letusan semacam itu dapat membahayakan kota-kota di sekitarnya, seperti Kayseri, Hacilar, dan Talas. Mencairnya sisa es di gunung berapi dapat menghasilkan lahar yang berbahaya; pada tahun 1985, letusan gunung berapi Nevado del Ruiz di Kolombia menghasilkan 20.000 korban jiwa setelah banjir lahar seperti itu. Bahkan tanpa letusan, curah hujan yang tinggi bisa menghasilkan banjir lahar di lereng curam gunung berapi yang padat penduduk.[20]

Sekitar lima hotel terdapat di gunung ini, yang merupakan situs olahraga musim dingin utama. Pada tahun 2010, 324.221 wisatawan mengunjungi gunung Erciyes dan wilayah Kayseri, sebagian besar dari mereka adalah wisatawan domestik.[17]

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-11-11. Diakses tanggal 2018-11-11. 
  2. ^ a b "Erciyes Dagi". Global Volcanism Program. Institusi Smithsonian. 
  3. ^ a b Sarıkaya, Zreda & Çiner 2009, hlm. 2328.
  4. ^ "Planetary Names: Mons, montes: Mons Argaeus on Moon". planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-02-02. Diakses tanggal 2017-01-26. 
  5. ^ a b Vural, Cem (2008-09-01). "A new species of Dianthus (Caryophyllaceae) from Mount Erciyes, central Anatolia, Turkey". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society (dalam bahasa Inggris). 158 (1): 55–61. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00843.x. ISSN 1095-8339. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-02-02. Diakses tanggal 2018-11-11. 
  6. ^ Kurkcuoglu et al. 2001, hlm. 510.
  7. ^ Dogan et al. 2011, hlm. 387.
  8. ^ Şen et al. 2003, hlm. 229,244.
  9. ^ Dogan et al. 2011, hlm. 388.
  10. ^ a b Strabo (1924) [23]. "7". Geographica, book 2 [Geography] (edisi ke-2). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-02-02. Diakses tanggal 28 January 2017. 
  11. ^ Halici, John & Aksoy 2005, hlm. 569,570.
  12. ^ Sarıkaya, Zreda & Çiner 2009, hlm. 2330.
  13. ^ Ünaldi 2007, hlm. 140.
  14. ^ a b Halici, John & Aksoy 2005, hlm. 577.
  15. ^ Ünaldi 2007, hlm. 141.
  16. ^ Aksoy, Ahmet; Hamzaoğlu, Ergin; Kiliç, Semra (2008-12-01). "A new species of Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society (dalam bahasa Inggris). 158 (4): 731. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00922.x. ISSN 1095-8339. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-02-02. Diakses tanggal 2018-11-11. 
  17. ^ a b Akbulut, Gülpınar (2014-01-01). "Volcano Tourism in Turkey". Dalam Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia. Volcanic Tourist Destinations. Geoheritage, Geoparks and Geotourism. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. hlm. 96. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16191-9_6. ISBN 9783642161902. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-11-15. Diakses tanggal 2018-11-11. 
  18. ^ Halici, John & Aksoy 2005, hlm. 567.
  19. ^ Halici, John & Aksoy 2005, hlm. 568.
  20. ^ Şen et al. 2003, hlm. 244.

Pranala luar

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Media tentang Mount Erciyes di Wikimedia Commons