Apnea tidur

Sleep apnea atau sleep apnoea adalah gangguan tidur dengan kesulitan bernafas (apnea = "tanpa nafas") berulang kali ketika sedang tidur. Ada dua jenis sleep apnea: Central dan Obstructive. Terdapat juga jenis campuran. Orang yang menderita hal ini biasanya tidak sadar, walaupun setelah bangun. Sleep apnea dikenali sebagai masalah oleh orang lain yang mengamati, atau dapat dikenali dari akibatnya terhadap tubuh (sequelae). Diagnosa sleep apnea dilakukan dengan polysomnography.

Rujukan

1. Macey PM. Macey KE. Woo MA. Keens TG. Harper RM. Aberrant neural responses to cold pressor challenges in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.[see comment]. [Journal Article] Pediatric Research. 57(4):500-9, 2005 Apr.
2. Bradley TD. Floras JS. Sleep apnea and heart failure: Part II: central sleep apnea. [Review] [55 refs] [Journal Article. Review] Circulation. 107(13):1822-6, 2003 Apr 8.
3. Mansfield DR. Solin P. Roebuck T. Bergin P. Kaye DM. Naughton MT. The effect of successful heart transplant treatment of heart failure on central sleep apnea.[see comment]. [Journal Article] Chest. 124(5):1675-81, 2003 Nov.
4. Javaheri S. Acetazolamide improves central sleep apnea in heart failure: a double-blind, prospective study. [Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial] American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine. 173(2):234-7, 2006 Jan 15.

Contoh

Orang-orang berikut ini menderita sleep apnea:

• Jerry Garcia
• Glen Milstead (Divine)
• Anne Rice
• Junior Soprano (Corrado, AKA Uncle June)
• William Howard Taft
• Johnny Grunge
• William Shatner
• George Kennedy
• William Tarmey (Jack Duckworth, Coronation Street)
• Reggie White
• Jason Rutcofsky
• William Regal
• Billy Connolly
• Rosie O'Donnell

Rujukan

• American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force (1999). "Sleep-related breathing disorders in adults: recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research". Sleep. 22 (5): 667–89. PMID 10450601. 
• Bell, R. B., & Turvey, T. A. (2001). Skeletal advancement for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children. Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 38(2), 147-54.
• Caples S, Gami A, Somers V (2005). "Obstructive sleep apnea". Ann Intern Med. 142 (3): 187–97. PMID 15684207. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
• Cohen, M. M. J., & Kreiborg, S. (1992). Upper and lower airway compromise in the Apert syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 44, 90-93.
• de Miguel-Díez J, Villa-Asensi J, Alvarez-Sala J (2003). "Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in children with Down syndrome: polygraphic findings in 108 children" (PDF). Sleep. 26 (8): 1006–9. PMID 14746382. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
• Mathur R, Douglas N (1994). "Relation between sudden infant death syndrome and adult sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome". Lancet. 344 (8925): 819–20. PMID 7916096. 
• Mortimore I, Douglas N (1997). "Palatal muscle EMG response to negative pressure in awake sleep apneic and control subjects". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 156 (3 Pt 1): 867–73. PMID 9310006. 
• Perkins, J. A., Sie, K. C. Y., Milczuk, H., & Richardson, M. A. (1997). Airway management in children with craniofacial anomalies. Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 34(2), 135-40.
• Sculerati N. Gottlieb MD. Zimbler MS. Chibbaro PD. McCarthy JG. Airway management in children with major craniofacial anomalies. [Journal Article] Laryngoscope. 108(12):1806-12, 1998 Dec.
• Shepard, J. W., & Thawley, S. E. (1990). Localization of upper airway collapse during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. American Review of Respiratory Disorders, 141, 1350-55.
• Sher, A. (1990). Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a complex disorder of the upper airway. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, 24, 600.
• Shott S, Amin R, Chini B, Heubi C, Hotze S, Akers R (2006). "Obstructive sleep apnea: Should all children with Down syndrome be tested?". Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 132 (4): 432–6. PMID 16618913. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
• Slovis B. & Brigham K. (2001). "Disordered Breathing". Dalam ed Andreoli T. E. Cecil Essentials of Medicine. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. hlm. pp210–211. Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (link)
• Strollo P, Rogers R (1996). "Obstructive sleep apnea". N Engl J Med. 334 (2): 99–104. PMID 8531966. 
• Sullivan C, Issa F, Berthon-Jones M, Eves L (1981). "Reversal of obstructive sleep apnoea by continuous positive airway pressure applied through the nares". Lancet. 1 (8225): 862–5. PMID 6112294. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)

Lihat juga

• Hypopnea