Operasi Gibraltar: Perbedaan antara revisi
Wagino Bot (bicara | kontrib) k minor cosmetic change |
Wagino Bot (bicara | kontrib) k minor cosmetic change |
||
Baris 9: | Baris 9: | ||
|territory= |
|territory= |
||
|result=Tidak ada perolehan yang besar di antara kedua belah pihak.<ref name=Victoria>{{cite book |
|result=Tidak ada perolehan yang besar di antara kedua belah pihak.<ref name=Victoria>{{cite book |
||
|last = Schofield |
|||
|first = Victoria |
|||
|title = Kashmir in conflict: India, Pakistan and the unending war |
|||
|publisher = I.T. Tauris & Co Ltd, 2003 |
|||
|isbn = 1-86064-898-3}}</ref><ref name=Rafiq>{{cite book |
|||
|last = Dossani |
|||
|first = Rafiq |
|||
|title = Prospects for peace in South Asia |
|||
|publisher = Stanford University Press, 2005 |
|||
|isbn = 0-8047-5085-8}}</ref><ref name=Robert>{{cite book |
|||
|last = Wirsing |
|||
|first = Robert |
|||
|title = India, Pakistan, and the Kashmir dispute: on regional conflict and its resolution |
|||
|publisher = St. Martins Press, 1998 |
|||
|isbn = 0-312-17562-0}}</ref><br> |
|||
Dimulainya [[Perang India-Pakistan 1965|Perang Kashmir Kedua]]. |
Dimulainya [[Perang India-Pakistan 1965|Perang Kashmir Kedua]]. |
||
|combatant1={{negaranama|Pakistan}} |
|combatant1={{negaranama|Pakistan}} |
||
Baris 31: | Baris 31: | ||
|strength1=5.000 - 40.000 |
|strength1=5.000 - 40.000 |
||
|strength2=100.000 – 200.000 |
|strength2=100.000 – 200.000 |
||
|casualties1=4.000<ref>{{cite web |
|casualties1=4.000<ref>{{cite web|last =|first =|authorlink =|coauthors =|title = Kashmiris didn’t back Pakistan in 1965: Gohar|work = The Tribune|publisher =|date = 6 June, 2005|url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050603/main2.htm|format = HTML|doi =|accessdate = 2007-07-08}}</ref><ref name="Khan"> {{cite web|last =|first =|authorlink =|coauthors =|title = Opinion: The Way it was 4: extracts from Brig (retd) ZA Khan's book|work = Defence Journal|publisher = Dynavis (Pvt) Ltd|date = May 1998|url = http://www.defencejournal.com/may98/thewayitwas4.htm|format = HTML|doi =|accessdate = 2007-07-08 }}</ref> - 8,000<ref name="Khaleej"> {{cite web|last =|first =|authorlink =|coauthors =|title = Ayub misled nation in ’65 war: Nur Khan|work = Khaleej Times|publisher =|date = 8 September, 2005|url = http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/subcontinent/2005/September/subcontinent_September293.xml§ion=subcontinent&col=|format = HTML|doi =|accessdate = 2007-07-08}}</ref> |
||
|casualties2=1341 |
|casualties2=1341 |
||
|notes= |
|notes= |
||
Baris 50: | Baris 50: | ||
* [http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/08war1.htm Brigadier Shaukat Qadir of PAF on ''Operation Gibraltar: Battle that never was''] - Hosted on [[Rediff.com]] |
* [http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/08war1.htm Brigadier Shaukat Qadir of PAF on ''Operation Gibraltar: Battle that never was''] - Hosted on [[Rediff.com]] |
||
* [http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/sept/grand-slam.htm Grand Slam — A Battle of Lost Opportunities] by Major (Retd.) Agha Humayun Amin, Defence Journal (Pakistan), September 2000 |
* [http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/sept/grand-slam.htm Grand Slam — A Battle of Lost Opportunities] by Major (Retd.) Agha Humayun Amin, Defence Journal (Pakistan), September 2000 |
||
* {{cite book |
* {{cite book|author=Hassan Abbas|title=Pakistan's Drift Into Extremism: Allah, The Army, And America's War On Terror|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=2004|id=ISBN 0-7656-1497-9}} |
||
* {{cite book |
* {{cite book|author=Mohammad Musa Khan|title= My Version: India-Pakistan War 1965|publisher=Wajidalis|year=1983|id= }} |
||
* [[Encarta]] |
* [[Encarta]] |
||
Revisi per 15 Maret 2016 22.03
Operasi Gibraltar | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bagian dari Perang India-Pakistan 1965 | |||||||
Pakistan masuk ke daerah yang ditandai dalam hijau tua. | |||||||
| |||||||
Pihak terlibat | |||||||
Pakistan | India | ||||||
Tokoh dan pemimpin | |||||||
May. Jend. Akhtar Hussain Malik[4][5][6] |
Jend. J.N Chaudhurie Brigjen. Z.C.Bakhshi[6] | ||||||
Kekuatan | |||||||
5.000 - 40.000 | 100.000 – 200.000 | ||||||
Korban | |||||||
4.000[7][8] - 8,000[9] | 1341 |
Operasi Gibraltar adalah codename (nama kode) yang diberikan kepada strategi Pakistan untuk menyusup ke Jammu dan Kashmir, India, dan memulai pemberontakan melawan pemerintahan India. Operasi ini dilancarkan pada Agustus 1965. Tentara Penerjun Payung Lintas Udara Pakistan ke-50 dan gerilyawan Pakistan, menyamar sebagai penduduk lokal, memasuki Jammu dan Kashmir dari Pakistan dengan tujuan menghasut pemberontakan di antara Muslim Kashmir. Namun, strategi ini berjalan kacau dari awal karena tidak terkoordinasi dengan baik dan para penyusup segera ditemukan.
Operasi ini adalah operasi yang besar karena memicu keterlibatan militer dengan skala besar antara dua negara yang bertentangga ini, pertama kali sejak Perang India-Pakistan 1947. Kesuksesan operasi ini, seperti yang diperkirakan oleh perencana Pakistannya, bisa saja memberikan Pakistan kontrol atas Kashmir yang bersatu; sesuatu yang diinginkan oleh Pakistan untuk diraih sedini mungkin.
Referensi
- ^ Schofield, Victoria. Kashmir in conflict: India, Pakistan and the unending war. I.T. Tauris & Co Ltd, 2003. ISBN 1-86064-898-3.
- ^ Dossani, Rafiq. Prospects for peace in South Asia. Stanford University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-8047-5085-8.
- ^ Wirsing, Robert. India, Pakistan, and the Kashmir dispute: on regional conflict and its resolution. St. Martins Press, 1998. ISBN 0-312-17562-0.
- ^ Ahmad, Mustasad (1997). Living up to heritage: history of the Rajput Regiment 1947-1970. Lancer Publishers,. hlm. 245.
- ^ Singh, Sukhwant. India's Wars Since Independence. hlm. 416.
- ^ a b Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamakvkr
- ^ "Kashmiris didn't back Pakistan in 1965: Gohar" (HTML). The Tribune. 6 June, 2005. Diakses tanggal 2007-07-08.
- ^ "Opinion: The Way it was 4: extracts from Brig (retd) ZA Khan's book" (HTML). Defence Journal. Dynavis (Pvt) Ltd. May 1998. Diakses tanggal 2007-07-08.
- ^ "Ayub misled nation in '65 war: Nur Khan" (HTML). Khaleej Times. 8 September, 2005. Diakses tanggal 2007-07-08.
Pranala Luar
- Brigadier Shaukat Qadir of PAF on Operation Gibraltar: Battle that never was - Hosted on Rediff.com
- Grand Slam — A Battle of Lost Opportunities by Major (Retd.) Agha Humayun Amin, Defence Journal (Pakistan), September 2000
- Hassan Abbas (2004). Pakistan's Drift Into Extremism: Allah, The Army, And America's War On Terror. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 0-7656-1497-9.
- Mohammad Musa Khan (1983). My Version: India-Pakistan War 1965. Wajidalis.
- Encarta