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== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=<ref name="IUCN">{{IUCN2008 | assessor = Hawkins, A.F.A. | assessor2 = Dollar, L. | last-assessor-amp = yes | year = 2008 | id = 5760 | title = Cryptoprocta ferox | downloaded = 11 May 2006}}</ref> <ref name="MSW3">{{MSW3 Carnivora | id = 14000446 | pages = 559–561}}</ref> <ref name=1833Bennett>{{cite journal | last = Bennett | first = E.T. | year = 1833| title = Notice of a new genus of Viverridous Mammalia from Madagascar | journal = Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London | volume = 1833 | page = 46 | url = https://archive.org/stream/lietuvostsrmoksl33liet#page/n58/mode/1up}}</ref> <ref name="2009Blench_etal">{{cite conference|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yg6WQMNn?url=http://www.rogerblench.info/Language%20data/Austronesian/Malagasy/Malagasy%20wild%20animal%20names.pdf |archivedate=14 May 2011 |url=http://www.rogerblench.info/Language%20data/Austronesian/Malagasy/Malagasy%20wild%20animal%20names.pdf |title=Faunal names in Malagasy: their etymologies and implications for the prehistory of the East African coast |last1=Blench |first1=R.M. |last2=Walsh |first2=M. |year=2009 |conference=Eleventh International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics (11 ICAL) |pages=1–31 |location=Aussois, France |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> <ref name="2008Hawkins">{{cite journal | last1 = Hawkins | first1 = C.E. | last2 = Racey | first2 = P.A. | title = Food habits of an endangered carnivore, ''Cryptoprocta ferox'', in the dry deciduous forests of western Madagascar | journal = Journal of Mammalogy | year = 2008 | volume = 89 | issue = 1 | pages = 64–74 | doi = 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-366.1}}</ref> <ref name="2009Luhrs">{{cite journal | last1 = Lührs | first1 = M.-L. | last2 = Dammhahn | first2 = M. | title = An unusual case of cooperative hunting in a solitary carnivore | journal = Journal of Ethology | volume = 28 | issue = 2 | year = 2009 | pages = 379–383 | doi = 10.1007/s10164-009-0190-8}}</ref> <ref name="2009Hawkins">{{cite journal | last1 = Hawkins | first1 = C.E. | last2 = Racey | first2 = P.A. | title = A novel mating system in a solitary carnivore: the fossa | journal = Journal of Zoology | volume = 277 | issue = 3| year = 2009 | pages = 196–204 | doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00517.x}}</ref> <ref name="2007Barycka">{{cite journal | last = Barycka | first = E. | title = Evolution and systematics of the feliform Carnivora | journal = Mammalian Biology | volume = 72 | issue = 5 | year = 2007 | pages = 257–282 | doi = 10.1016/j.mambio.2006.10.011}}</ref> <ref name="2007Jones">{{cite conference | last1 = Jones | first1 = J.P.G.| last2 = Andriamarovolona | first2 = M.A. | last3 = Hockley | first3 = N.J. | title = Taboos, social norms and conservation in the eastern rainforests of Madagascar | journal = | url = http://www.bioecon.ucl.ac.uk/9th_2007/Jones.pdf | format = PDF | conference = 9th International BIOECON Conference on "Economics and Institutions for Biodiversity Conservation" | conferenceurl = http://www.bioecon.ucl.ac.uk/10papers9.htm | year = 2007 | accessdate = 19 May 2010}}</ref> <ref name="2007Mueller">{{cite journal | last1 = Mueller | first1 = J. | last2 = Sironen | first2 = A. | last3 = Lukas | first3 = K.E. | title = Infant development and behaviour in the Fossa ''Cryptoprocta ferox'' | journal = Small Carnivore Conservation | volume = 37 | pages = 11–17 | year = 2007 | url = http://nebula.wsimg.com/f42c3bd9c815cfedf149e23adde8dc17?AccessKeyId=35E369A09ED705622D78&disposition=0&alloworigin=1 | format = PDF}}</ref> <ref name="2005Hawkins">{{cite journal | last1 = Hawkins | first1 = C.E. | last2 = Racey | first2 = P.A. | title = Low population density of a tropical forest carnivore, ''Cryptoprocta ferox'': implications for protected area management | journal = Oryx | volume = 39 | issue = 1 | pages = 35–43 | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1017/S0030605305000074}}</ref> <ref name="2005Patel">{{cite journal | last = Patel | first = E.R. | title = Silky Sifaka predation (''Propithecus candidus'') by a Fossa (''Cryptoprocta ferox'') | journal = Lemur News | year = 2005 | volume = 10 | pages = 25–27 | url = http://erikpatel.com/Patel%202005_predation.pdf}}</ref> <ref name="2004Goodman">{{cite journal|last1=Goodman |first1=S.M. |last2=Rasoloarison |first2=R.M. |last3=Ganzhorn |first3=J.U. |year=2004 |url=http://www.mnhn.fr/museum/front/medias/publication/1334_z04n1a9.pdf |format=PDF |title=On the specific identification of subfossil ''Cryptoprocta'' (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Madagascar |journal=Zoosystema |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=129–143 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061127073601/http://www.mnhn.fr/museum/front/medias/publication/1334_z04n1a9.pdf |archivedate=2006-11-27 |df= }}</ref> <ref name="2004Veron">{{cite journal | last1 = Veron | first1 = G. | last2 = Colyn | first2 = M. | last3 = Dunham | first3 = A.E. | last4 = Taylor | first4 = P. | last5 = Gaubert | first5 = P. | title = Molecular systematics and origin of sociality in mongooses (Herpestidae, Carnivora) | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 30 | issue = 3 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15012940 | pages = 582–598 | doi = 10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00229-X | url = http://www.durban.gov.za/durban/discover/museums/nsm/pubs/recent-publications/Veron%20et%20al%202004%20MPEV.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = 19 May 2010}}</ref> <ref name="2003Winkler">{{cite journal | last1 = Winkler |first1 = A. | title = Neueste Erkenntnisse zur Biologie, Haltung und Zucht der Fossa (''Cryptoprocta ferox'') |year = 2003 | journal=Der Zoologische Garten | series= N.F. | volume =73 |issue=5|pages=296–311}}</ref> <ref name="2003Yoder">{{cite journal|doi=10.1038/nature01303 |last1=Yoder |first1=A.D. |last2=Burns |first2=M.M. |last3=Zehr |first3=S. |last4=Delefosse |first4=T. |last5=Veron |first5=G. |last6=Goodman |first6=S.M. |last7=Flynn |first7=J.J. |title=Single origin of Malagasy Carnivora from an African ancestor |journal=Nature |volume=421 |issue=6924 |year=2003 |pages=734–737 |url=http://www.biology.duke.edu/yoderlab/reprints/2003YoderBurnsNature.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=19 May 2010 |pmid=12610623 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619052811/http://www.biology.duke.edu/yoderlab/reprints/2003YoderBurnsNature.pdf |archivedate=19 June 2010 |df= }}</ref> <ref name="2002Drea">{{cite journal | last1 = Drea | first1 = C.M. | last2 = Place | first2 = N.J. | last3 = Weldele | first3 = M.L. | last4 = Coscia | first4 = E.M. | last5 = Licht | first5 = P. | last6 = Glickman | first6 = S.E. | title = Exposure to naturally circulating androgens during foetal life incurs direct reproductive costs in female spotted hyenas, but is prerequisite for male mating | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B | year = 2002 | volume = 269 | issue = 1504 | pmid = 12396496 | pages = 1981–1987 | pmc = 1691120 | doi = 10.1098/rspb.2002.2109 | url = http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/269/1504/1981.full.pdf | format = PDF}}</ref> <ref name="2002Hawkins">{{Cite journal | last1 = Hawkins | first1 = C. E. | last2 = Dallas | first2 = J. F. | last3 = Fowler | first3 = P. A. | last4 = Woodroffe | first4 = R. | last5 = Racey | first5 = P. A. | title = Transient Masculinization in the Fossa, ''Cryptoprocta ferox'' (Carnivora, Viverridae) | doi = 10.1095/biolreprod66.3.610 | journal = Biology of Reproduction | volume = 66 | issue = 3 | pages = 610–615 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11870065| pmc = | url = http://www.biolreprod.org/content/66/3/610.full.pdf | format = PDF | deadurl=yes}}</ref> <ref name="2000Croke">{{cite web | last = Croke | first = V | url = http://discovermagazine.com/2000/apr/featdeadliest | title = The Deadliest Carnivore | work = Discover | accessdate = 2010-05-12}}</ref> <ref name="1999Dollar">{{cite journal | last1 = Dollar | first1 = L. |title = Preliminary report on the status, activity cycle, and ranging of ''Cryptoprocta ferox'' in the Malagasy rainforest, implications for conservation | journal = Small Carnivore Conservation | year = 1999 | volume = 20 | pages = 7–10 | url = http://smallcarnivoreconservation.org/sccwiki/images/5/5a/Number_20.PDF | format = PDF}}</ref> <ref name="1999Goodman">{{cite journal | last1 = Goodman | first1 = S.M. | last2 = Pidgeon | first2 = M. | title = Carnivora of the Reserve Naturelle Integrale d'Andohahela, Madagascar | journal = Fieldiana Zoology | year = 1999 | issue = 94 | pages = 259–268 | issn = 0015-0754}}</ref> <ref name="2009Irwin">{{cite journal | last1 = Irwin | first1 = M.T. | last2 = Raharison | first2 = J.L. | last3 = Wright | first3 = P.C. | title = Spatial and temporal variability in predation on rainforest primates: do forest fragmentation and predation act synergistically? | journal = Animal Conservation | year = 2009 | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 220–230 | doi=10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00243.x}}</ref> <ref name="1997Wright">{{cite journal | last1 = Wright | first1 = P.C. | last2 = Heckscher | first2 = S.K. | last3 = Dunham | first3 = A.E. | title = Predation on Milne Edward's sifaka (''Propithecus diadema edwardsi'') by the fossa (''Cryptoprocta ferox'') in the rainforest of southeastern Madagascar | journal = Folia Primatologica | year = 1997 | volume = 68 | issue = 1 | pages = 34–43 | doi = 10.1159/000157230}}</ref> <ref name="1996Goodman">{{cite journal | last = Goodman | first = S.M. | title = The carnivores of the Reserve Naturelle Integrale d'Andringitra, Madagascar | journal = Fieldiana Zoology | year = 1996 | issue=85 | pages = 289–292 | issn = 0015-0754}}</ref> <ref name="1995Rasoloarison">{{cite journal | last1 = Rasoloarison | first1 = R.M. |last2 = Rasolonandrasana | first2 = B.P.N. | last3 = Ganzhorn | first3 = J.U. | last4 = Goodman | first4 = S.M. | title = Predation on vertebrates in the Kirindy Forest, western Madagascar | journal = Ecotropica | year = 1995 | volume = 1 | pages = 59–65 | url = http://www.gtoe.de/public_html/publications/pdf/1-1/Rasoloarison%20et%20al.%201995,%201_59-65.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = 2010-05-21}}</ref> <ref name="1995Wright">{{cite journal | last = Wright | first = P.C. | title = Demography and life history of free ranging ''Propithecus diadema'' Edwardsi in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar | journal = International Journal of Primatology | year = 1995 | volume = 16 | issue = 5 | pages=835–854 | url = http://info.bio.sunysb.edu/icte/pdf_files/wright1995.pdf | format = PDF | doi = 10.1007/BF02735722}}</ref> <ref name="1986Köhncke">{{cite journal | last1 = Köhncke | first1 = M. | last2 = Leonhardt | first2 = K. | title = ''Cryptoprocta ferox'' | journal = [[Mammalian Species]] | issue = 254 | pages = 1–5 | year = 1986 | url = http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/VHAYSSEN/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-254-01-0001.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = 19 May 2010 | doi = 10.2307/3503919}}</ref> <ref name="2009Vogler">{{cite journal | last1 = Vogler | first1 = B.R. | last2 = Bailey | first2 = C.A. | last3 = Shore | first3 = G.D. | last4 = McGuire | first4 = S.M. | last5 = Engberg | first5 = S.E. | last6 = Fickel | first6 = J. | last7 = Louis | first7 = E.E. | last8 = Brenneman | first8 = R.A. | year = 2009 | title = Characterization of 26 microsatellite marker loci in the fossa (''Cryptoprocta ferox'') | journal = Conservation Genetics | volume = 10 | issue = 5 | pages = 1449–1453 | doi = 10.1007/s10592-008-9758-z}}</ref> <ref name="2009Golden">{{cite journal |last1 = Golden | first1 = C.D. | year = 2009 | title = Bushmeat hunting and use in the Makira Forest, north-eastern Madagascar: a conservation and livelihoods issue | journal = Oryx | volume = 43 | pages = 386–392 | doi = 10.1017/S0030605309000131 |issue = 3}}</ref> <ref name="2013Garcia">{{cite journal |last1=Corpa |first1=J.M. |last2=García-Quirós |first2=M. |last3=Casares |first3=M. |last4=Gerique |first4=A.C. |last5=Carbonell |first5=M.D. |last6=Gómez-Muñoz |first6=M.T. |last7=Uzal |first7=F.A. |last8=Ortega |first8=J. |title=Encephalomyelitis by ''Toxoplasma gondii'' in a captive fossa (''Cryptoprocta ferox'') |journal=Veterinary Parasitology |year=2013 |volume=193 |issue=1–3 |pages=281–283 |doi=10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.11.018 |pmid=23200749}}</ref> <ref name="2005Independent">{{cite web | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/africa/the-complete-guide-to-madagascar-498026.html | title = The Complete Guide To: Madagascar | work = The Independent | accessdate = 2014-12-24}}</ref>}}


[[Kategori:Eupleridae]]
[[Kategori:Eupleridae]]

Revisi per 3 Juli 2019 21.42

Fosa
Cryptoprocta ferox Edit nilai pada Wikidata

Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Status konservasi
Rentan
IUCN5760 Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Taksonomi
KelasMammalia
OrdoCarnivora
SuperfamiliHerpestoidea
FamiliEupleridae
GenusCryptoprocta
SpesiesCryptoprocta ferox Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Bennett, 1833
Distribusi

Edit nilai pada Wikidata
EndemikMadagaskar Edit nilai pada Wikidata

Cryptoprocta ferox) adalah karnivora mamalia endemik di Madagaskar. Hewan ini adalah anggota dari Eupleridae, sebuah keluarga dari carnivorans berkaitan erat dengan keluarga luwak (Herpestidae). Klasifikasi hewan ini kontroversial karena ciri-ciri fisik menyerupai keluarga kucing, namun sifat-sifat lainnya menunjukkan hubungan yang dekat dengan viverrids (kebanyakan luwak dan keluarga mereka). Klasifikasi hewan ini dan hewan-hewan karnivora lainnya yang ada di Malagasy dipengaruhi hipotesis tentang berapa kali mamalia karnivora yang telah menghuni Madagaskar. Dengan studi genetik menunjukkan bahwa fossa dan hewan karnivora Malagasy lainnya terkait erat satu sama lain (membentuk klad, yaitu keluarga Eupleridae), hewan-hewan Karnivora sekarang diperkirakan telah menghuni pulau setelah sekitar 18 sampai 20 juta tahun yang lalu.

Fossa adalah mamalia karnivora terbesar di pulau Madagaskar dan dapat dibandingkan dengan Puma kecil. Ketika dewasa panjang kepala sampai tubuh sepanjang 70–80 cm (28–31 in) dan berat antara 55 dan 86 kg (121 dan 190 pon), dengan jantan lebih besar daripada betina. Memiliki cakar yang dapat ditarik sebagian ( dapat memperpanjang tapi tidak bisa menarik cakarnya sepenuhnya) dan pergelangan kaki yang fleksibel sehingga memungkinkan untuk memanjat dan menuruni pohon, dan juga dapat melompat dari pohon ke pohon. Fossa adalah unik untuk bentuk alat kelamin dibanding anggota keluarga lainnya, yang memiliki kesamaan dengan kucing dan hyena.

Spesies ini tersebar luas, meskipun kepadatan populasi biasanya rendah. Hal ini karena hanya ditemukan di hutan, dan secara aktif berburu baik siang dan malam. Lebih dari 50% makanannya terdiri dari lemur, primata endemik pulau Madagaskar; tenrecs, tikus, kadal, burung, dan hewan lain yang juga didokumentasikan sebagai mangsa. Perkawinan biasanya terjadi pada pohon-pohon di bagian horizontal dan dapat berlangsung selama beberapa jam. Anak yang lahir berkisar dari satu sampai enam anak, yang dilahirkan buta dan ompong (altricial). Bayi menyapih setelah 4,5 bulan dan independen setelah satu tahun. Kematangan seksual terjadi sekitar tiga sampai empat tahun, dan angka harapan hidup di penangkaran adalah 20 tahun. Fossa terdaftar sebagai "Rentan" oleh Serikat Internasional untuk Konservasi Alam. Hal ini umumnya ditakuti oleh orang-orang Malagasi dan sering dilindungi oleh fady (tabu). Ancaman terbesar bagi spesies adalah kerusakan habitat.

Etimologi

Dengan nama generik Cryptoprocta mengacu pada bagaimana anus tersembunyi yang dimiliki oleh hewan ini dengan anal pouch, dari bahasa Yunani Kuno kata-kata crypto- "tersembunyi", dan procta "anus".[./Fossa_(animal)#cite_note-1986K.C3.B6hncke-4 [4]] nama spesies ferox adalah kata sifat dari bahasa Latin yang artinya "sengit" atau "liar".[1] nama umum dieja fossa dalam bahasa inggris atau fosa di Malagasi, dimana berakar dari bahasa Austronesia,[./Fossa_(animal)#cite_note-1986K.C3.B6hncke-4 [4]][2][3] tetapi beberapa penulis telah mengadopsi Malagasy ejaan dalam bahasa inggris.[4] kata ini mirip dengan posa (yang berarti "kucing") dalam bahasa Iban (bahasa Austronesia) dari Kalimantan, dan kedua istilah ini mungkin berasal dari perdagangan bahasa dari tahun 1600-an. Namun, alternatif etimologi menunjukkan padanan ke kata lain yang berasal dari Melayu yaitu pusa. mengacu pada Malayan musang (Mustela nudipes). Kata Melayu pusa bisa menjadi posa untuk kucing di Kalimantan, sedangkan di Madagaskar kata bisa menjadi fosa untuk merujuk ke fossa.[./Fossa_(animal)#cite_note-2009Blench_etal-6 [6]][3]

Referensi

  1. ^ Borror 1960.
  2. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama 1986Köhncke
  3. ^ a b Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama 2009Blench_etal
  4. ^ Garbutt 2007.
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