Kapal Pendarat kelas Teluk Gilimanuk
 KRI Teluk Manado
| |
| Tentang kelas | |
|---|---|
| Nama: | *Teluk Gilimanuk class
|
| Pembangun: | VEB Peenewerft, Wolgast |
| Operator: | * Angkatan Laut Jerman Timur (former)
 Angkatan Laut Indonesia (current) |
| Didahului oleh: | kelas Teluk Semangka |
| Digantikan oleh: | kelas Teluk Bintuni |
| Dibangun: | 1974–1980 |
| Beroperasi: | *1976-1990 (Volksmarine)
|
| Rencana: | 14 |
| Selesai: | 14 |
| Aktif: | 11 |
| Hilang: | 2 |
| Dipensiunkan: | 1 |
| Ciri-ciri umum | |
| Jenis | Medium landing ship |
| Berat benaman |
|
| Panjang |
|
| Lebar | 111 m (364 ft 2 in) |
| Daya muat | 28 m (92 ft) |
| Tenaga |
|
| Pendorong |
|
| Kecepatan | 18 knot (33 km/h; 21 mph) |
| Kapasitas | 11 amphibious tanks or 400–600 tons cargo |
| Tentara | 1 company of marines |
| Awak kapal | 46 |
| Sensor dan sistem pemroses | |
| Peralatan perang elektronik dan tipuan |
|
| Senjata |
1 × single Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun 1 × twin V-11 37 mm L/63 guns 2 × twin 2M-3 25 mm guns 2 x twin V-11 37 mm L/63 guns 2 x twin 2M-3 25 mm guns |
The Teluk Gilimanuk class is a class of medium landing ship (LSM) that currently being operated by Indonesian Navy. They were originally built in East Germany for the Volksmarine as the Hoyerswerda class (NATO reporting name: Frosch I and II classes). These ships were acquired by Indonesian Navy in the 1990s.[2]
Desain
Teluk Gilimanuk or Hoyerswerda class consisted of two variants, the Project 108 (Frosch I) regular medium landing ship and Project 109 (Frosch II) combat support ship.
Project 108 (Frosch I) has a length of 98 m (322 ft), a beam of 111 m (364 ft), with a draught of 28 m (92 ft) and their displacement is 1,950 ton panjang (1,981 t) at full load. The ships is powered by two diesel engines, with total power output of 5,000 tenaga kuda metrik (0,003677 MW) distributed in two shafts.[1]
Project 109 (Frosch II) has a length of 907 m (2.976 ft), a beam of 111 m (364 ft), with a draught of 28 m (92 ft) and their displacement is 1,700 ton panjang (1,727 t) at full load. The ships is powered by two diesel engines, with total power output of 4,408 tenaga kuda metrik (0,003242 MW) distributed in two shafts.[3]
Both variants have a speed of 18 knot (33 km/h)[1]
They both have a complement of 46 personnel.[3]
The Project 108 has a cargo capacity of 600 ton panjang (610 t), while the Project 109 has a cargo capacity of 650 ton panjang (660 t). They are equipped with a 5-ton crane amidships.[1][3]
The ships were initially armed with two АК-725 twin 57 mm guns, complemented by two AK-230 twin barrel 30 mm guns for Project 108, and two 2М-3 twin 25 mm autocannons for Project 109. Some ships of Project 108 were also equipped with two 40-tube 122 mm rocket launchers. Both variants were also equipped with Muff Cob fire control radar.[4][5] In Indonesian service, the Project 108 ships were rearmed with one single Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun, one twin V-11 37 mm L/63 guns, and two twin 2М-3 25 mm autocannons,[1] while the Project 109 were rearmed with two twin V-11 37 mm L/63 guns and two twin 2M-3 25 mm autocannons.[3]
Pengembangan
Twelve former German Democratic Republic fast medium landing ships (531 to 542) of the Project 108 (Frosch I) class were built by VEB Peenewerft, Wolgast, to an East German design, between 1976 and 1979. This class was named after the East German town of Hoyerswerda.
Logistic support ships of the Project 109 (Frosch II) class were built by the same shipyard as a development of the Frosch I landing ships. Originally commissioned in the Volksmarine on between October 1979 and February 1980.
Transfer
The Hoyerswerda class ships, and two support ships of the Project 109 (Frosch II) class, were officially transferred to Indonesian Navy, a on 25 August 1993. Refitted in German yards prior to transfer, where all armament was removed, to be replaced later by Indonesia after delivery.
The Hoyerswerda class ships were a valuable addition to the Indonesian Navy's landing forces in view of the block obsolescence of their, then current, LST Mark 3 landing ships, obtained from the United States.[6] The LST Mark 3's were designed in 1943, and built before 1946. They were powered by steam engines.Rottman, Gordon L. (2005). Landing Ship Tank (LST) 1942–2002. New Vanguard No. 115. Osprey Publishing. hlm. 6. ISBN 978-1-84176-923-3.
After transfer to Indonesia, the two logistic support ships of the Project 109 (Frosch II) class were fitted with 37 mm guns, and with rocket launchers mounted forward of the bridge. They were commissioned 25 April 1995.[3]
The Teluk Gilimanuk-class ships were bought on 3 September 1992 based on President Instruction No. 3/1992 that was issued by late President Soeharto. The procurement also included 16 Templat:Sclass2 and 9 Kondor-class vessels worth a total cost of $482 million.[7]
Sejarah operasional
Originally fourteen Teluk Gilimanuk-class LSMs were commissioned by the Indonesian Navy. All were built by VEB Peenewerft.
As of 2022 eleven ships are in active service, two were lost in accidents and one ship was retired.
| Nama | Hull no. | Subkelas/ |
Peletakan lunas | Diluncurkan | Diakuisisi | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teluk Gilimanuk | 531 | Project 108 (Frosch I)[6][1] | 25 November 1974 | 1 Juli 1975 | 12 Juli 1994 | Aktif. Bekas Hoyerswerda |
| Teluk Celukan Bawang | 532 | 7 Maret 1975 | 19 Desember 1975 | 25 Februari 1994 | Aktif. Bekas Hagenow | |
| Teluk Cendrawasih | 533 | 10 Juni 1975 | 2 Januari 1976 | 9 Desember 1994 | Aktif. Bekas Frankfurt/Oder | |
| Teluk Berau | 534 | 10 September 1975 | 15 Juli 1976 | 10 Maret 1995 | Dihantam dan tenggelam pada tahun 2012 setelah digunakan sebagai kapal sasaran rudal Yakhont selama Latihan Armada Jaya XXXI.[8] Bekas Eberswalde-Finow | |
| Teluk Peleng | 535 | 11 Desember 1975 | 2 Oktober 1976 | 23 September 1993 | Kandas pada November 2013 setelah bertabrakan dengan tonggak beton.[9] Bekas Lubben | |
| Teluk Sibolga | 536 | 17 Maret 1976 | 18 Januari 1977 | 15 Desember 1993 | Aktif. Bekas Schwerin | |
| Teluk Manado | 537 | 21 Agustus 1976 | 6 April 1977 | 2 Juni 1995 | Aktif. Bekas Neubrandenburg | |
| Teluk Hading | 538 | 22 November 1976 | 10 June 1977 | 12 Juli 1994 | Aktif. Bekas Cottbus | |
| Teluk Parigi | 539 | 21 Februari 1977 | 22 September 1977 | 21 Juli 1995 | Aktif. Bekas Anklam | |
| Teluk Lampung | 540 | 5 Mei 1977 | 27 Desember 1977 | 26 April 1994 | Aktif. Bekas Schwedt | |
| Teluk Jakarta | 541 | 18 Agustus 1977 | 8 Maret 1978 | 19 September 1994 | Tenggelam usai diterjang gelombang tinggi di dekat Pulau Kangean pada Juli 2020.[10] Bekas Eisenhüttenstadt | |
| Teluk Sangkulirang | 542 | 2 November 1977 | 30 Mei 1978 | 9 Desember 1994 | Aktif. Bekas Grimmen | |
| Teluk Cirebon | 543 | Project 109 (Frosch II)[3] | 26 Januari 1978 | 30 Agustus 1978 | 25 April 1995 | Aktif. Bekas Nordperd |
| Teluk Sabang | 544 | 16 April 1978 | 30 Oktober 1978 | 25 April 1995 | Aktif. Bekas Südperd |
Lihat juga
Referensi
- ^ a b c d e f g h Saunders 2009, hlm. 362.
- ^ "Frosch Class: Tulang Punggung Armada Landing Ship Tank TNI AL". September 1, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f Saunders 2009, hlm. 365.
- ^ Moore 1984, hlm. 186.
- ^ Moore 1984, hlm. 188.
- ^ a b Gardiner & Chumbley 1995, hlm. 180.
- ^ "Tenggelamnya KRI Teluk Jakarta, Kapal Perang Bekas Negara Komunis". tirto.id.
- ^ "Rudal Yakhont Tenggelamkan Eks KRI Teluk Berau". Surya. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-05-13. Diakses tanggal 2018-05-12.
- ^ "Tabrak Pilar Beton Saat Bersandar, KRI Teluk Peleng Karam". Republika Online. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-05-13. Diakses tanggal 2018-05-12.
- ^ Galih, Bayu (15 July 2020). "Kronologi Tenggelamnya KRI Teluk Jakarta 541 di Dekat Pulau Kangean". Kompas.com.
Biografi
- Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen, ed. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
- Moore, Capt. John (1984). Jane's Fighting Ships 1984-85. Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0710607959.
- Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009-2010. Jane's Information Group. ISBN 9780710628886.
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