8½

8½
8½
	Poster teatrikal asli
Sutradara	Federico Fellini
Produser	Angelo Rizzoli
Skenario	Federico Fellini; Ennio Flaiano; Tullio Pinelli; Brunello Rondi
Cerita	Federico Fellini; Ennio Flaiano
Pemeran	Marcello Mastroianni; Claudia Cardinale; Anouk Aimée; Sandra Milo
Penata musik	Nino Rota
Sinematografer	Gianni Di Venanzo
Penyunting	Leo Catozzo
Perusahaan; produksi	Cineriz; Francinex
Distributor	Columbia Pictures (Prancis); Embassy Pictures (AS)
Tanggal rilis	14 Februari 1963; ; ; ; ;
Durasi	138 menit
Negara	Italia; Prancis
Bahasa	Italia; Prancis; Inggris; Jerman
Pendapatan; kotor	$3.5 juta (rental-rental)

8½ (judul Italia: Otto e mezzo) adalah sebuah film komedi-drama Italia^[2] 1963 yang disutradarai oleh Federico Fellini. Naskahnya hasil kerja sama dari Fellini, Tullio Pinelli, Ennio Flaiano, dan Brunello Rondi, film tersebut dibintangi oleh Marcello Mastroianni sebagai Guido Anselmi, seorang sutradara film Italia terkenal. Direkam dalam bentuk hitam-putih oleh sinematograpfer Gianni di Venanzo, film tersebut menampilkan sebuah soundtrack buatan Nino Rota dengan rancangan set dan kostum buatan Piero Gherardi.

Judulnya merujuk kepada delapan setengah film Fellini sebagai sutradara. Karya penyutradaraan sebelumnya terdiri dari enam film fitur, dua segmen pendek, dan sebuah kolaborasi dengan sutradara lainnya, Alberto Lattuada, kolaborasi tersebut disebut sebagai "setengah" film.^[3]

8½ memenangkan dua Academy Award untuk Film Berbahasa Asing Terbaik dan Rancangan Kostum Terbaik (hitam-putih). Dianggap sebagai sebuah film avant-garde^[4] dan film klasik berpengaruh tinggi,^[5] film tersebut masuk sebagai 10 besar pada 50 Film Terbesar Sepanjang Masa Teratas menurut BFI, meraih peringkat ketiga pada sebuah jajak pendapat sutradara film 2002 yang diadakan oleh Institut Film Britania^[6] dan juga masuk pada kompilasi Vatikan dari 45 film terbaik yang dibuat sebelum 1995, peringatan sinema ke-100.^[7]

Penghargaan[sunting | sunting sumber]

8½ memenangkan Academy Award untuk Film Berbahasa Asing Terbaik dan Rancangan Kostum Terbaik (hitam-putih) sementara mendapatkan tiga nominasi lainnya untuk Sutradara Terbaik, Permainan Latar Asli Terbaik, dan Penyutradaraan Seni Terbaik (hitam-putih).^[8] Lingkaran Kritikus Film New York juga menjadikan 8½ sebagai film berbahasa asing terbaik. Sindikat Jurnalis Film Nasional Italia memberikan film tersebut seluruh tujuh penghargaan untuk sutradara, produser, cerita asli, permainan latar, musik, sinematografi, dan aktris pendukung (Sandra Milo). Film tersebut juga mendapatkan nominasi untuk Aktor Terbaik, Rancangan Kostum Terbaik, dan Rancangan Produksi Terbaik.

Lihat pula[sunting | sunting sumber]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Catatan[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ "Top Rental Films of 1963", Variety, 8 Januari 1964 p 37
^ "8½". BFI Film & Television Database. London: British Film Institute. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-06. Diakses tanggal 27 Desember 2012.
^ Almar Haflidason Updated 17 April 2001 (17 April 2001). "BBC – Review of Fellini's ''8½''". Bbc.co.uk. Diakses tanggal 4 April 2012.
^ Alberto Arbasino (1963), review of 8½ in Il Giorno, 6 Maret 1963: "The film is a step forward in the history of novelistic form. The block structure of La Dolce Vita already paved the way in both cinema and littérature. Otto et mezzo, however, not only outdistances by many years almost all films currently made but impacts our narrative at the most sensitive moment of the friction between convention and avant-garde, and may well provide a boost in the direction of the experimental, i.e. the future, as regards, among other things, the problems of being, of writing, and the relationship with reality."
^ Film scholar Charles Affron writes that "the status of 8½ as a 'classic' text can be recognized in the homage of its imitations and versions." Cf. Affron, 5. Fellini scholar Peter Bondanella concurs: "As might be expected from the work's important place in the history of the cinema, the criticism on 8½ is voluminous." Cf. Bondanella, The Cinema of Federico Fellini, 163
^ "Directors' Top Ten Poll". British Film Institute. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-03-18. Diakses tanggal 26 March 2007.
^ "Vatican Best Films List". USCCB. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-07-23. Diakses tanggal 25 Juli 2010.
^ "The 36th Academy Awards (1964) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-10-06. Diakses tanggal 3 November 2011.

Daftar pustaka[sunting | sunting sumber]

Affron, Charles. 8½: Federico Fellini, Director. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1989.
Alpert, Hollis. Fellini: A Life. New York: Paragon House, 1988.
Bondanella, Peter. The Cinema of Federico Fellini. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
Bondanella, Peter. The Films of Federico Fellini. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Fava, Claudio and Aldo Vigano. The Films of Federico Fellini. New York: Citadel Press, 1990.
Kezich, Tullio. Federico Fellini: His Life and Work. New York: Faber and Faber, 2006.

Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

8½ di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris)
(Inggris) 8½ di AllMovie
8½ di Rotten Tomatoes (dalam bahasa Inggris)
Ulasan Sun-Times Chicago Diarsipkan 2013-02-16 di Wayback Machine. oleh Roger Ebert
Ulasan Guardian.uk oleh Derek Malcolm
Esay Criterion Collection oleh Alexander Sesonske

[1] "Top Rental Films of 1963", Variety, 8 Januari 1964 p 37

[2] "8½". BFI Film & Television Database. London: British Film Institute. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-06. Diakses tanggal 27 Desember 2012.

[3] Almar Haflidason Updated 17 April 2001 (17 April 2001). "BBC – Review of Fellini's ''8½''". Bbc.co.uk. Diakses tanggal 4 April 2012.

[4] Alberto Arbasino (1963), review of 8½ in Il Giorno, 6 Maret 1963: "The film is a step forward in the history of novelistic form. The block structure of La Dolce Vita already paved the way in both cinema and littérature. Otto et mezzo, however, not only outdistances by many years almost all films currently made but impacts our narrative at the most sensitive moment of the friction between convention and avant-garde, and may well provide a boost in the direction of the experimental, i.e. the future, as regards, among other things, the problems of being, of writing, and the relationship with reality."

[5] Film scholar Charles Affron writes that "the status of 8½ as a 'classic' text can be recognized in the homage of its imitations and versions." Cf. Affron, 5. Fellini scholar Peter Bondanella concurs: "As might be expected from the work's important place in the history of the cinema, the criticism on 8½ is voluminous." Cf. Bondanella, The Cinema of Federico Fellini, 163

[BFI_Directors'_Top_Ten_Poll-6] "Directors' Top Ten Poll". British Film Institute. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-03-18. Diakses tanggal 26 March 2007.

[Vatican_Best_Films_List-7] "Vatican Best Films List". USCCB. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-07-23. Diakses tanggal 25 Juli 2010.

[Oscars1964-8] "The 36th Academy Awards (1964) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-10-06. Diakses tanggal 3 November 2011.

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l b s Pemenang Penghargaan Akademi untuk Film Berbahasa Asing
1947–1955 (Kehormatan)	1947: Shoe-Shine – Vittorio De Sica 1948: Monsieur Vincent – Maurice Cloche 1949: Bicycle Thieves – Vittorio De Sica 1950: The Walls of Malapaga – René Clément 1951: Rashomon – Akira Kurosawa 1952: Forbidden Games – René Clément 1954: Gate of Hell – Teinosuke Kinugasa 1955: Samurai, The Legend of Musashi – Hiroshi Inagaki
1956–1959	1956: La Strada – Federico Fellini 1957: Nights of Cabiria – Federico Fellini 1958: My Uncle – Jacques Tati 1959: Black Orpheus – Marcel Camus
1960an	1960: The Virgin Spring – Ingmar Bergman 1961: Through a Glass Darkly – Ingmar Bergman 1962: Sundays and Cybele – Serge Bourguignon 1963: 8½ – Federico Fellini 1964: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow – Vittorio De Sica 1965: The Shop on Main Street – Ján Kadár & Elmar Klos 1966: A Man and a Woman – Claude Lelouch 1967: Closely Watched Trains – Jiří Menzel 1968: War and Peace – Sergei Bondarchuk 1969: Z – Costa-Gavras
1970an	1970: Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion – Elio Petri 1971: The Garden of the Finzi Continis – Vittorio De Sica 1972: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie – Luis Buñuel 1973: Day for Night – François Truffaut 1974: Amarcord – Federico Fellini 1975: Dersu Uzala – Akira Kurosawa 1976: Black and White in Color – Jean-Jacques Annaud 1977: Madame Rosa – Moshé Mizrahi 1978: Get Out Your Handkerchiefs – Bertrand Blier 1979: The Tin Drum – Volker Schlöndorff
1980an	1980: Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears – Vladimir Menshov 1981: Mephisto – István Szabó 1982: Volver a Empezar ('To Begin Again') – José Luis Garci 1983: Fanny and Alexander – Ingmar Bergman 1984: Dangerous Moves – Richard Dembo 1985: The Official Story – Luis Puenzo 1986: The Assault – Fons Rademakers 1987: Babette's Feast – Gabriel Axel 1988: Pelle the Conqueror – Bille August 1989: Cinema Paradiso – Giuseppe Tornatore
1990an	1990: Journey of Hope – Xavier Koller 1991: Mediterraneo – Gabriele Salvatores 1992: Indochine – Régis Wargnier 1993: Belle Époque – Fernando Trueba 1994: Burnt by the Sun – Nikita Mikhalkov 1995: Antonia's Line – Marleen Gorris 1996: Kolya – Jan Svěrák 1997: Character – Mike van Diem 1998: Life Is Beautiful – Roberto Benigni 1999: All About My Mother – Pedro Almodóvar
2000an	2000: Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon – Ang Lee 2001: No Man's Land – Danis Tanović 2002: Nowhere in Africa – Caroline Link 2003: The Barbarian Invasions – Denys Arcand 2004: The Sea Inside – Alejandro Amenábar 2005: Tsotsi – Gavin Hood 2006: The Lives of Others – Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck 2007: The Counterfeiters – Stefan Ruzowitzky 2008: Departures – Yōjirō Takita 2009: The Secret in Their Eyes – Juan J. Campanella
2010an	2010: In a Better World – Susanne Bier 2011: A Separation – Asghar Farhadi 2012: Amour – Michael Haneke 2013: The Great Beauty – Paolo Sorrentino 2014: Ida - Paweł Pawlikowski 2015: Son of Saul – László Nemes 2016: The Salesman – Asghar Farhadi 2017: A Fantastic Woman – Sebastián Lelio 2018: Roma – Alfonso Cuarón 2019: Parasite – Bong Joon-ho 2020: Another Round – Thomas Vinterberg 2021: Drive My Car – Ryusuke Hamaguchi
Perwakilan

l b s Penghargaan Utama Festival Film Internasional Moskwa
1959-1967 Grand Prix	Destiny of a Man (1959) The Naked Island – Clear Skies (1961) 8½ (1963) War and Peace – Twenty Hours (1965) The Journalist – Father (1967)
1969-1987 Golden Prize	Lucía – Serafino – We'll Live Till Monday (1969) Confessions of a Police Captain – Live Today, Die Tomorrow! – The White Bird Marked with Black (1971) That Sweet Word: Liberty! – Affection (1973) The Promised Land – Dersu Uzala – We All Loved Each Other So Much (1975) The Fifth Seal – El puente – Mimino (1977) Christ Stopped at Eboli – Siete días de enero – Camera Buff (1979) O Homem que Virou Suco – The Abandoned Field: Free Fire Zone – Teheran 43 (1981) Amok – Alsino and the Condor – Vassa (1983) Come and See – A Soldier's Story – The Descent of the Nine (1985) Intervista (1987)
1989 - Golden St. George	The Icicle Thief (1989) Spotted Dog Running at the Edge of the Sea (1991) Me Ivan, You Abraham (1993) (Tidak ada penghargaan pada 1995) Marvin's Room (1997) Will to Live (1999) Life as a Fatal Sexually Transmitted Disease (2000) The Believer (2001) Resurrection (2002) The End of a Mystery (2003) Our Own (2004) Dreaming of Space (2005) About Sara (2006) Travelling with Pets (2007) As Simple as That (2008) Pete on the Way to Heaven (2009) Hermano (2010) Las olas (2011) Junkhearts (2012) Particle (2013) My Man (2014)

l b s Nino Rota
Opera	Il cappello di paglia di Firenze I due timidi
Konserto	Trombone Concerto
Musik film	Romeo and Juliet The Godfather "Speak Softly, Love" The Godfather Part II The Godfather Part III
Terkait	Daftar komposisi karya Nino Rota Daftar musik film karya Nino Rota Diskografi Nino Rota