Cinéma vérité
Cinéma vérité (/ˈsɪn[invalid input: 'ɨ']mə vɛr[invalid input: 'ɨ']ˈteɪ/; bahasa Prancis: [sinema veʁite], sinema jujur) adalah gaya pembuatan film dokumenter yang diciptakan oleh Jean Rouch dan terinspirasi oleh teori Dziga Vertov tentang Kino-Pravda dan dipengaruhi oleh film-film buatan Robert Flaherty. Gaya ini menggabungkan improvisasi dengan penggunaan kamera untuk mengungkap kebenaran atau menegaskan subjek-subjek tersembunyi di balik kenyataan yang pahit.[1][2][3][4]
Pembuat film[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Perintis
- Michel Brault
- Robert Drew
- Robert Flaherty
- Richard Leacock
- D. A. Pennebaker
- Pierre Perrault
- Lionel Rogosin
- Jean Rouch
- Lainnya
- Jon Alpert
- Joe Berlinger dan Bruce Sinofsky (Creative Thinking International)
- David Bradbury
- Nick Broomfield
- Linda Goode Bryant
- John Cassavetes
- Pedro Costa
- Ricardo Costa
- Kirby Dick
- Tamara Goldsworthy
- Amos Gitai
- Christopher Nolan
- Paul Greengrass
- Gilles Groulx
- Kazuo Hara
- Florence Jaugey
- Claude Jutra
+* Allan King
- Louis King
- Abbas Kiarostami
- Barbara Kopple[5]
- Harmony Korine
- Roman Kroitor
- Barbara Loden
- Louis Malle
- Chris Marker
- John Marshall
- Pau Masó
- The Maysles Brothers (Albert and David Maysles)
- Sergio Myers
- Jehane Noujaim
- David Perlov
- Martin Pitts
- Ulrich Seidl
- Kaneto Shindo
- Ellen Spiro
- Bela Tarr
- Dziga Vertov
- Frederick Wiseman
- Joseph Garcia Quinn[5]
Film pilihan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- 24 ID seconde (2000)
- À Hauteur d'homme (2003)
- After Life (1999)
- Bad Boys (1961)
- Billy the Kid (2007)[6]
- Candid (2012)
- The Carter (2009)
- C'était un rendez-vous (1976)
- Chronique d'un été (1961)
- Cocksucker Blues (1972)
- Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment (1963)
- Demon Lover Diary (1980)
- Distance (2001)
- Down for Life (2009)
- Eat the Document (1969)
- Elizabeth and Mary (1965)
- The Emperor's Naked Army Marches On (1987)
- F for Fake (1974)
- Faces (1968)
- Flag Wars (2003)
- Ghosts of Cité Soleil (2006)
- Gimme Shelter (1970)
- Grey Gardens (1975)
- Happy Mother's Day (1964)
- Hoop Dreams (1994)
- Hospital (1970)
- Import/Export (2007)
- Iraq in Fragments (2007)
- In Vanda's Room (2003)
- The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife (1991)
- Lonely Boy (1962)
- Manic (2001)
- Medium Cool (1968)
- Mists (2003)
- Moi, un noir (1958)
- Mysterious Object at Noon (2000)
- Near Death (1989)
- Orderers (1974)
- Phantom India (1969)
- Photographic Memory (2011)[7]
- Project X (2012)
- Les Raquetteurs (1958) (French article)
- Salesman (1969)
- Seventeen (1983)
- Shadows (1959)
- Sleep (1963)
- The Day You Love Me (2009)[8] original title in Spanish El días que me quieras
- The Plaint of Steve Kreines as recorded by his younger brother Jeff (1974)
- Titicut Follies (1967)
- Wanda (1971)
- The War Room (1993)
- Warrendale (1967)
- West 47th Street (2003)
- Woodstock (1970)
- Jordon Saffron Taste This (2009)
- The Act of Killing (2012)
- Burning Man: bAble (2014)
Teknik dan semangat cinéma vérité dapat ditemukan di film-film fiksi seperti The Battle of Algiers, The Blair Witch Project, Children of Men, Jimmy and Judy, Rachel Getting Married, Cloverfield, Diary of the Dead, District 9, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 1, Battle: Los Angeles, REC, Saving Private Ryan,The Bourne Ultimatum, dan Paranormal Activity.
Film dan acara televisi[sunting | sunting sumber]
Banyak sutradara film tahun 1960-an dan seterusnya membuat film dengan cara memegang kamera dengan tangan, menggunakan teknik dan gaya cinéma vérité pada film-film fiksinya yang didasarkan pada naskah. Mereka kadang meminta para aktor berimprovisasi agar kualitas adegannya terlihat lebih spontan. Contoh yang paling mencolok adalah sutradara John Cassavetes; film Faces besutannya menciptakan gebrakan baru.[9]
Teknik cinéma vérité juga sudah diangkat ke program-program fiksi televisi seperti Homicide: Life on the Street, The X-Files' episode "X-Cops", Sanctuary, Friday Night Lights, NYPD Blue, Hill Street Blues, Battlestar Galactica, "The Shield", The Thick Of It, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Louie, Arrested Development, Reno 911!, Trailer Park Boys, beberapa episode Law & Order franchise, The Office (versi Britania dan Amerika), Parks and Recreation, Brooklyn Nine-Nine, dan Veep. Seri dokumenter yang memakai gaya ini tidka banyak, tetapi ada:
Banyak yang menganggap bahwa perintis gaya cinéma vérité di televisi adalah Orson Welles lewat program Around the World with Orson Welles (1955).
Lihat pula[sunting | sunting sumber]
Teknik
Genre terkait
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ Glossary of rouchinan terms at MAITRES FOUS net
- ^ Ricky Leacock and “The Sense of Being There” – Article by Stephen Altobello at IMN
- ^ Camera that Changed the World – Article at BBC
- ^ Jean Rouch, Edgar Morin-Chronique d'un été (1961) Diarsipkan 2013-05-18 di Wayback Machine. – Article at Avaxhome
- ^ a b Plot description of Cinéma Vérité: Defining The Moment, IMDb.
- ^ "Billy the Kid - Trailer". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-04-02. Diakses tanggal 2015-03-26.
- ^ Photographic Memory (film)
- ^ Women Make Movies. "Film Catalog". Diakses tanggal 2014-05-28.
- ^ John Cassavetes in Allmovie, accessed online on the New York Times website 23 October 2006.
Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
- REALISM, article by Robert McConnell at Parlez-vous.com
- Cinéma Vérité at Encyclopædia Britannica
- French Realism and Cinema Verite di www.parlez-vous.com Galat: URL arsip tidak dikenal (diarsipkan tanggal [Date missing])
- Minnesota Declaration Diarsipkan 2014-07-15 di Wayback Machine. - Werner Herzog´s criticism of Cinéma Vérité (See AXIOMS OF FEELING)