Mitologi
Mitologi (serapan dari Belanda: mythologie) adalah ilmu tentang bentuk sastra yang mengandung konsepsi dan dongeng suci mengenai kehidupan dewa dan makhluk halus dalam suatu kebudayaan.
Mitologi terkait dekat dengan legenda maupun cerita rakyat. Mitologi dapat mencakup kisah penciptaan dunia sampai asal mula suatu bangsa. Tidak seperti mitologi, pada cerita rakyat, waktu dan tempat tidak spesifik dan ceritanya tidak dianggap sebagai kisah suci yang dipercaya kebenarannya. Sedangkan pada legenda, pelaku-pelakunya adalah manusia dan meskipun kejadiannya dianggap benar-benar terjadi, dapat mengandung kisah makhluk supranatural (dewa, setan, dsb.) dan kejadian luar biasa (kutukan, keajaiban, dsb.) seperti pada mitologi. Biasanya latar pada legenda adalah masa-masa pada saat manusia sudah ada dan dikaitkan dengan sejarah dan asal mula suatu tempat.
Mitologi berdasarkan wilayah[sunting | sunting sumber]
Afrika[sunting | sunting sumber]
Afrika Utara[sunting | sunting sumber]
Afrika Barat[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Mitologi Akan
- Mitologi Ashanti (Ghana)
- Mitologi Dahomey (Fon)
- Mitologi Efik (Nigeria, Kamerun)
- Mitologi Igbo (Nigeria, Kamerun)
- Mitologi Isoko (Nigeria)
- Mitologi Yoruba (Nigeria, Benin)
Afrika Tengah[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Mitologi Bushongo (Kongo)
- Mitologi Baluba
- Mitologi Bambuti (Pigmi) (Kongo)
- Mitologi Lugbara (Kongo)
Afrika Timur[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Mitologi Akamba (Kenya Timur)
- Mitologi Dinka (Sudan)
- Mitologi Lotuko (Sudan)
- Mitologi Masai (Kenya, Tanzania)
Afrika Selatan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Mitologi Khoikhoi
- Mitologi Lozi (Zambia)
- Mitologi Madagaskar
- Mitologi Tumbuka (Malawi)
- Mitologi Zulu (Afrika Selatan)
Artik[sunting | sunting sumber]
bersinggungan dengan Asia, Eropa Utara, dan Amerika Utara.
Asia[sunting | sunting sumber]
Asia Barat Daya[sunting | sunting sumber]
Timur Tengah, Persia, Anatolia, Kaukasus
Peradaban kuno
- Mitologi Mesopotamia (Sumeria, Asiro-Babilonia)
- Mitologi Semitik
- Mitologi Hittite
- Mitologi Hurrian
- Mitologi Scythia
abad pertengahan sampai modern
- Mitologi Armenia
- Mitologi Ossetia
- Mitologi Arab
- Mitologi Islam
- Mitologi Kurdi
- Mitologi Persia
- Mitologi Turki
Asia Selatan[sunting | sunting sumber]
Asia Timur[sunting | sunting sumber]
Asia Tenggara[sunting | sunting sumber]
Asia Tengah dan Utara[sunting | sunting sumber]
bersinggungan dengan Eropa Timur dan Utara
Australia dan Oceania[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Mitologi Aborigin
- Mitologi Hawaii
- Mitologi Maori
- Mitologi Melanesia
- Mitologi Mikronesia
- Mitologi Papua
- Mitologi Polinesia
- Mitologi Rapa Nui
Eropa[sunting | sunting sumber]
Zaman prasejarah[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Mitologi Yunani
- Mitologi Romawi
- Mitologi Etruria
- Mitologi Kelt
- Mitologi Jermanik
- Mitologi Paleo-Balkan
- Mitologi Lusitania
Eropa Utara[sunting | sunting sumber]
Kepulauan Britania[sunting | sunting sumber]
Eropa Barat[sunting | sunting sumber]
Eropa Timur[sunting | sunting sumber]
Eropa Selatan[sunting | sunting sumber]
Amerika[sunting | sunting sumber]
Amerika Utara[sunting | sunting sumber]
Algonquia (Amerika Serikat bagian timur laut, Great Lakes)
Dataran Indian
Muskogean (Amerika Serikat bagian selatan) dan Iraquois (Amerika Serikat bagian Timur)
Pasifik Barat Laut
Uto-Aztec (Great Basin hingga Meksiko)
Amerika Serikat bagian barat laut
Amerika Tengah[sunting | sunting sumber]
Karibia[sunting | sunting sumber]
Amerika Selatan[sunting | sunting sumber]
Campuran Afrika[sunting | sunting sumber]
Mitologi berdasarkan agama[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Mitologi Buddha
- Mitologi Hindu
- Mitologi Islam
- Mitologi Kristen
- Mitologi Yahudi
Mitologi berdasarkan waktu[sunting | sunting sumber]
Zaman Perunggu[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Mitologi Proto-Indo-Eropa
- Mitologi Mesopotamia
- Mitologi Mesir kuno
- Mitologi Hittite
- Mitologi Hurria
- Mitologi Regweda
Zaman Besi[sunting | sunting sumber]
Prasejarah Akhir[sunting | sunting sumber]
Catatan kaki[sunting | sunting sumber]
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Armstrong, Karen. "A Short History of Myth". Knopf Canada, 2006.
- Bascom, William. "The Forms of Folklore: Prose Narratives". 'Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 5-29.
- Bulfinch, Thomas. Bulfinch's Mythology. Whitefish: Kessinger, 2004.
- Campbell, Joeseph. "The Power of Myth". New York: Doubleday, 1988.
- Doty, William. Myth: A Handbook. Westport: Greenwood, 2004.
- Dundes, Alan. "Binary Opposition in Myth: The Propp/Levi-Strauss Debate in Retrospect". Western Folklore 56 (Winter, 1997): 39-50.
- Dundes, Alan. Introduction. Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 1-3.
- Dunes, Alan. "Madness in Method Plus a Plea for Projective Inversion in Myth". Myth and Method. Ed. Laurie Patton and Wendy Doniger. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1996.
- Eliade, Mircea. Myth and Reality. Trans. Willard R. Trask. New York: Harper & Row, 1963.
- Eliade, Mircea. Myths, Dreams and Mysteries. Trans. Philip Mairet. New York: Harper & Row, 1967.
- "Euhemerism". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. Ed. John Bowker. Oxford University Press, 2000. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. UC - Berkeley Library. 20 March 2009 .
- Fabiani, Paolo "The Philosophy of the Imagination in Vico and Malebranche". F.U.P. (Florence UP), English edition 2009. PDF
- Frankfort, Henri, et al. The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man: An Essay on Speculative Thought in the Ancient Near East. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1977.
- Frazer, James. The Golden Bough. New York: Macmillan, 1922.
- Graf, Fritz. Greek Mythology. Trans. Thomas Marier. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.
- Honko, Lauri. "The Problem of Defining Myth". Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 41-52.
- Kirk, G.S. Myth: Its Meaning and Functions in Ancient and Other Cultures. Berkeley: Cambridge University Press, 1973.
- Kirk, G.S. "On Defining Myths". Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 53-61.
- Leonard, Scott. "The History of Mythology: Part I". Scott A. Leonard's Home Page. August 2007.Youngstown State University, 17 November 2009
- Littleton, Covington. The New Comparative Mythology: An Anthropological Assessment of the Theories of Georges Dumezil. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.
- Meletinsky, Elea. The Poetics of Myth. Trans. Guy Lanoue and Alexandre Sadetsky. New York: Routledge, 2000.
- "myth." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 21 March 2009
- "myths". A Dictionary of English Folklore. Jacqueline Simpson and Steve Roud. Oxford University Press, 2000. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. UC - Berkeley Library. 20 March 2009 Oxfordreference.com
- Northup, Lesley. "Myth-Placed Priorities: Religion and the Study of Myth". Religious Studies Review 32.1(2006): 5-10.
- O'Flaherty, Wendy. Hindu Myths: A Sourcebook. London: Penguin, 1975.
- Pettazzoni, Raffaele. "The Truth of Myth". Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 98-109.
- Segal, Robert. Myth: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2004.
- Simpson, Michael. Introduction. Apollodorus. Gods and Heroes of the Greeks. Trans. Michael Simpson. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1976. 1-9.
- Singer, Irving. "Introduction: Philosophical Dimensions of Myth and Cinema." Cinematic Mythmaking: Philosophy in Film. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States: MIT Press Books, 2008. 3-6. Web. 23 Oct. 2011.
- Indick, William. "Classical Heroes in Modern Movies: Mythological Patterns of the Superhero." Journal of Media Psychology 9.3 (2004): 93-95. York University Libraries. Web.
- Koven, Mikel J. "Folklore Studies and Popular Film and Television: a Necessary Critical Survey." Journal of American Folklore 116.460 (2003): 176-195. Print.
- Olson, Eric L. "Great Expectations: the Role of Myth in 1980s Films with Child Heroes." Virginia Polytechnic Scholarly Library. Virginia Polytechnic Institute And State University, 3 May 2011. Web. 24 Oct. 2011.<http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172011-113805/unrestricted/OLSON_EL_T_2011.pdf>.
- Matira, Lopamundra. "Children's Oral Literature and Modern Mass Media." Indian Folklore Research Journal 5.8 (2008): 55-57. Print.
- Cormer, John. "Narrative." Critical Ideas in Television Studies. New York, United States: Charendon Press, 2007. 47-59. Print.
Bacaan lebih lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Stefan Arvidsson, Aryan Idols. Indo-European Mythology as Ideology and Science, University of Chicago Press, 2006. ISBN 0-226-02860-7
- Roland Barthes, Mythologies (1957)
- Kees W. Bolle, The Freedom of Man in Myth. Vanderbilt University Press, 1968.
- Richard Buxton. The Complete World of Greek Mythology. London: Thames & Hudson, 2004.
- E. Csapo, Theories of Mythology (2005)
- Edith Hamilton, Mythology (1998)
- Graves, Robert. "Introduction." New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology. Trans. Richard Aldington and Delano Ames. London: Hamlyn, 1968. v–viii.
- Joseph Campbell
- The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Princeton University Press, 1949.
- Flight of the Wild Gander: Explorations in the Mythological Dimension: Select Essays 1944–1968 New World Library, 3rd ed. (2002), ISBN 978-1-57731-210-9.
- The Power of Myth. Doubleday, 1988, ISBN 0-385-24773-7.
- Thou Art That (book). New World Library, 2001, ISBN 1-57731-202-3
- Mircea Eliade
- Cosmos and History: The Myth of the Eternal Return. Princeton University Press, 1954.
- The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion. Trans. Willard R. Trask. NY: Harper & Row, 1961.
- Louis Herbert Gray [ed.], The Mythology of All Races, in 12 vols., 1916.
- Lucien Lévy-Bruhl
- Mental Functions in Primitive Societies (1910)
- Primitive Mentality (1922)
- The Soul of the Primitive (1928)
- The Supernatural and the Nature of the Primitive Mind (1931)
- Primitive Mythology (1935)
- The Mystic Experience and Primitive Symbolism (1938)
- Charles H. Long, Alpha: The Myths of Creation. George Braziller, 1963.
- O'Flaherty, Wendy. Hindu Myths: A Sourcebook. London: Penguin, 1975.
- Barry B. Powell, Classical Myth, 5th edition, Prentice-Hall.
- Santillana and Von Dechend (1969, 1992 re-issue). Hamlet's Mill: An Essay Investigating the Origins of Human Knowledge And Its Transmission Through Myth, Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-87923-215-3.
- Isabelle Loring Wallace and Jennie Hirsh, Contemporary Art and Classical Myth. Farnham: Ashgate (2011), ISBN 978-0-7546-6974-6
- Walker, Steven F. and Segal, Robert A., Jung and the Jungians on Myth: An Introduction, Theorists of Myth, Routledge (1996), ISBN 978-0-8153-2259-7.
- Vanda Zajko and Miriam Leonard, Lauphing with Medusa. Oxford: Oxford `University Press (2006), ISBN 978-0-19-923794-4.
- Zong, In-Sob. Folk Tales from Korea. 3rd ed. Elizabeth: Hollym, 1989.
Lihat juga[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Mitos – cerita mengenai kedewaan dan pahlawan pada masa lalu
- Arkeomitologi – studi mitologi melalui disiplin arkeologi
Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
Wikiversity memiliki bahan belajar tentang School:Comparative Mythology
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Mythology.
- The New Student's Reference Work/Mythology, ed. Beach (1914), at wikisource.
- Leonard, Scott. "The History of Mythology: Part I" Diarsipkan 2012-12-27 di Wayback Machine.. Youngstown State University.
- Greek mythology
- Sacred texts
- Myths and Myth-Makers Old Tales and Superstitions Interpreted by comparative mythology by John Fiske.
- LIMC Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, a database of ancient objects linked with mythology
- Joseph Campbell on Bill Moyers's The Power of Myth
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