Lihat sumber China Mobile

{{Expand|date=Oktober 2017}}
{{Infobox company
| name                = China Mobile Limited<br />中国移动有限公司
| logo                = 
| image               = ChinaMobile_Communication_Corporation,xi%27an,CHINA_-_panoramio.jpg
| image_size          = 250px
| type                = [[Perusahaan publik|Publik]]; [[Badan usaha milik negara]]
| traded_as           = {{ubl|{{sehk|941}}||Komponen [[Indeks Hang Seng]]}}
| ISIN                = HK0941009539
| predecessor         = China Telecom (Hong Kong) Ltd.<ref name=mile/>
| foundation          = {{start date and age|df=yes|1997|09|03}}<ref name=CM1/>
| founder             = 
| location            = Beijing, Tiongkok<br>Shanghai, Tiongkok<br>Lantai 60, The Center, 99 Queen’s Road Central<ref>{{Cite web |title=FORM 20-F of China Mobile Limited |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1117795/000119312515145750/d912264d20f.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612024925/http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1117795/000119312515145750/d912264d20f.htm |archive-date=12 June 2015 |access-date=2 September 2019 |publisher=UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION}}</ref>
| location_city       = [[Hong Kong]]
| location_country    = [[Tiongkok]]
| locations           = 
| area_served         = {{ubl|[[Tiongkok]]|[[Hong Kong]] ''(sebagai [[CMHK]])''|[[Pakistan]] ''(sebagai [[Zong 4G|Zong]])''|[[Jepang]], [[Thailand]], [[Britania Raya]], [[Singapura]], dan [[Kanada]] ''(sebagai CMLink)|''}}
| key_people          = Yang Jie ([[Chairman]]) <br> [[Li Yue]] ([[CEO]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.chinamobileltd.com/en/about/directors.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902095125/https://www.chinamobileltd.com/en/about/directors.php |archive-date=2 September 2019 |access-date=2 September 2019 |publisher=China Mobile Limited Official Website}}</ref>
| industry            = [[Telekomunikasi]]
| products            = 
| services            = {{ubl|[[Jaringan tetap|Telefoni jaringan tetap]]|[[Telepon seluler|Telefoni seluler]]|[[Akses internet|Internet pita lebar]]|[[Televisi digital]]|[[Televisi internet]]}}
| revenue             = {{increase}} [[CNY]]{{0}}746&nbsp;milyar
| revenue_year        = 2019
| net_income          = {{decrease}} CNY{{0}}107&nbsp;milyar
| net_income_year     = 2019
| assets              = {{increase}} CNY1629&nbsp;milyar
| assets_year         = 2019
| equity              = {{increase}} CNY1104&nbsp;milyar
| equity_year         = 2019
| num_employees       = 456.239<ref name=AR2019/>{{rp|5}}
| num_employees_year  = 2019
| owner               = [[Pemerintah Tiongkok]] (72,72%)<ref name=AR2019/>{{rp|65}}
| parent              = China Mobile Communications Group
| divisions           = 
| subsid              = {{aligned table|[[CMHK]]|(100%)|[[Zong Pakistan|Zong]]||CMLink|}}
| homepage            = {{url|http://www.10086.cn/}}<br/>{{url|http://www.chinamobileltd.com}}
| footnotes           = Sumber data keuangan: [[laporan keuangan konsolidasian]]<ref name=AR2019>{{cite report|url=https://www.chinamobileltd.com/en/ir/reports/ar2019.pdf|title=Annual Report 2019|date=2020|access-date=13 November 2020|publisher=China Mobile Limited}}</ref>
}}
{{Chinese
|title=China Mobile Limited
|s = 中国移动有限公司
|t = 中國移動有限公司
|p = Zhōngguó Yídòng Yǒu Xiàn Gōngsī
|altname=China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd.
|s2 = 中国移动通信集团有限公司
|t2 = 中國移動通信集團有限公司
|p2 =Zhōngguó yídòng tōngxìn jítuán yǒuxiàn gōngsī
|altname2=brand name
|s3 = 中国移动
|t3 = 中國移動
|p3 = Zhōngguó Yídòng
|l3 = China Mobile
|order=st
}}

'''China Mobile''' adalah [[nama dagang]] dari '''China Mobile Ltd.''' ({{zh|s=中国移动有限公司|p=Zhōngguó Yídòng Yǒu Xiàn Gōngsī}}) dan pemegang saham utamanya, '''China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd.''' ({{zh|s=中国移动通信集团有限公司|p=Zhōngguó Yídòng Tōngxìn Jítuán Gōngsī}}, sebelumnya dikenal sebagai China Mobile Communications Corporation, "CMCC"), sebuah [[badan usaha milik negara]] Tiongkok<ref name="Economist" />. China Mobile Ltd menyediakan layanan multimedia dan suara seluler melalui jaringan [[telekomunikasi seluler]] nasionalnya di seantero [[Tiongkok daratan]] dan [[Hong Kong]].<ref name="CM1" />

China Mobile Ltd melantai di [[Hong Kong Stock Exchange]].<ref name="CM1">[https://www.chinamobileltd.com/en/about/overview.php Overview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902095420/https://www.chinamobileltd.com/en/about/overview.php |date=2 September 2019 }} China Mobile Limited Official Site</ref> Perusahaan ini merupakan perusahaan telekomunikasi seluler dengan kapitalisasi pasar terbesar,<ref>{{Cite conference |date=March 2011 |title=FT Global 500 |url=http://media.ft.com/cms/33558890-98d4-11e0-bd66-00144feab49a.pdf |publisher=The Financial Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311021515/http://media.ft.com/cms/33558890-98d4-11e0-bd66-00144feab49a.pdf |archive-date=11 March 2012 |access-date=4 January 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> dan juga merupakan [[Daftar operator jaringan seluler|operator jaringan seluler dengan jumlah pengguna terbesar di dunia]], yakni lebih dari 946,73 juta {{failed verification|date=November 2020}} pengguna aktif {{as of|2020|June|lc=y}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-31 |title=Operation Data |url=http://www.chinamobileltd.com/en/ir/operation_m.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020132946/http://www.chinamobileltd.com/en/ir/operation_m.php |archive-date=20 October 2017 |access-date=21 October 2017 |publisher=China Mobile}}</ref>

{{as of|2020|October|31}}, total [[nilai pasar]] China Mobile Ltd mencapai HK$965&nbsp;milyar, sehingga menjadikannya perusahaan [[red chip]] terbesar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hkex.com.hk/Market-Data/Statistics/Consolidated-Reports/China-Dimension?sc_lang=en&select={55AE8A39-A5A2-4489-95E1-21E30BDEAFD7#select1=0&select2=1|title= List of Red Chip Companies|date=31 October 2020|publisher=Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing|access-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>

==Sejarah==
Sebagai sebuah [[badan usaha milik negara]] yang dikendalikan langsung oleh pemerintah Republik Rakyat Tiongkok<ref name="Economist">Strait deals ''[[The Economist]]'', 7 May 2009</ref> dan sebagai sebuah perusahaan publik yang melantai di NYSE dan Hong Kong Stock Exchange,<ref name="CM1" /> China Mobile telah mendominasi [[industri telepon seluler Tiongkok|layanan seluler Tiongkok]] sejak didirikan guna menyediakan layanan telekomunikasi untuk keperluan sipil dan militer. Menurut [[Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat]], perusahaan ini memiliki hubungan dengan [[Tentara Pembebasan Rakyat]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Allen-Ebrahimian |first=Bethany |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Defense Department produces list of Chinese military-linked companies |work=Axios |url=https://www.axios.com/defense-department-chinese-military-linked-companies-856b9315-48d2-4aec-b932-97b8f29a4d40.html |url-status=live |access-date=June 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625220923/https://www.axios.com/defense-department-chinese-military-linked-companies-856b9315-48d2-4aec-b932-97b8f29a4d40.html |archive-date=25 June 2020}}</ref> Hingga tahun 2010, China Mobile menguasai 70% pangsa pasar layanan seluler di Tiongkok.<ref name=morning/> Sementara [[China Unicom]] dan [[China Telecom]] masing-masing menguasai 20% dan 10% sisanya.<ref name=morning/>

Didirikan pada tahun 1997 dengan nama China Telecom (Hong Kong) Ltd,<ref name="mile">[http://www.chinamobileltd.com/about.php?menu=6 Milestone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102104939/http://www.chinamobileltd.com/about.php?menu=6 |date=2 November 2012 }} China Mobile Official Site</ref> China Mobile lahir dari pemisahan [[China Telecommunications Corporation]] pada tahun 1999.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=CE2VGH7wJcYC&lpg=PA74&dq=%22China%20Mobile%22&pg=PA68#v=onepage&q&f=false Asian economic and political issues, Volume 8 (page 68)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506062722/https://books.google.com/books?id=CE2VGH7wJcYC&lpg=PA74&dq=%22China%20Mobile%22&pg=PA68#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=6 May 2016 }} Frank Columbus, Nova Publishers, 2003 ('''Google Books''')</ref> Walaupun begitu, perusahaan ini tetap menyediakan layanan seluler.<ref name=morning/>

===Kendali negara===
Perusahaan ini menikmati keuntungan [[Proteksionisme|proteksionis]] dari pemerintah Tiongkok,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=CE2VGH7wJcYC&lpg=PA74&dq=%22China%20Mobile%22&pg=PA54#v=onepage&q&f=false Asian Economic and Political Issues, Volume 8 (page 54)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527152631/https://books.google.com/books?id=CE2VGH7wJcYC&lpg=PA74&dq=%22China%20Mobile%22&pg=PA54#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=27 May 2016 }} 2003. Frank Columbus. Nova Publishers. ('''Google Books''')</ref> namun juga kerap mendapat intervensi dari pemerintah saat menjalankan bisnisnya.<ref name="Asian Econ and Polit Issues">[https://books.google.com/books?id=CE2VGH7wJcYC&lpg=PA74&dq=%22China%20Mobile%22&pg=PA84#v=onepage&q&f=false Asian Economic and Political Issues, Volume 8 (page 84)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723022621/https://books.google.com/books?id=CE2VGH7wJcYC&lpg=PA74&dq=%22China%20Mobile%22&pg=PA84#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=23 July 2016 }} 2003. Frank Columbus. Nova Publishers. ('''Google Books''')</ref> Kendali pemerintah atas perusahaan ini dilakukan melalui China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd. (sebelumnya: China Mobile Communications Corporation; CMCC), yang memiliki seluruh saham China Mobile (HK) Group Ltd,<ref name="gov control">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090604221551/http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/about/profile.html CMCC Profile] CMCC Official Site ('''Archive.org cache''')</ref> yang memegang 70% saham China Mobile.<ref name="CM1" /> Didirikan pada tahun 2000,<ref name="gov control" /> CMCC adalah induk dari China Mobile Ltd hingga tahun 2019.<ref name=AR2019/>

===Basis pelanggan rural===
[[File:Flickr - World Economic Forum - Wang Jianzhou - Annual Meeting of the New Champions Tianjin 2008.jpg|thumb|right|[[Wang Jianzhou]], Chairman dan CEO selama sesi pleno dari Market Insight: Frontier Markets di Tianjin, Tiongkok, 28 September 2008.<ref>Copyright [[World Economic Forum]]</ref>]]
[[File:3G Mobile Phones fot China Mobile.jpg|thumb|Display ponsel Tiongkok, 2010]]

China Mobile secara historis memegang pangsa pasar yang lebih besar di kawasan rural daripada kompetitornya.<ref name="BW China Mobile Leads">[http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/aug2009/gb2009085_090539.htm "Chinese Telecom: China Mobile Leads the Way"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090809054445/http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/aug2009/gb2009085_090539.htm |date=9 August 2009 }}. ''Bloomberg BusinessWeek''. 5 August 2009</ref> Pada tahun 2006, jaringan perusahaan ini telah dapat dijangkau oleh 97% penduduk Tiongkok,<ref name="CMCC Business Review">[http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/products/review.html Homepage > Brand & Products > Business Review] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822164959/http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/products/review.html |date=22 August 2009 }} CMCC Official Site</ref> dan sejak saat itu, perusahaan ini terus dapat menarik banyak pelanggan baru dari kawasan rural.<ref name="BW China Mobile Leads" />

Perusahaan ini juga menawarkan layanan yang khusus ditujukan untuk masyarakat di kawasan rural, seperti layanan informasi pertanian, yang memfasilitasi berbagai macam aktivitas, seperti penjualan dan pembelian produk pertanian, akses ke harga pasar untuk hasil panen dan tanaman, transfer uang, penarikan saldo bank, pembayaran, dsb.<ref name="CMCC 2008 CSR">[http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/corporate/2008csr_en/08/080102.html 2008 Corporate Social Responsibility Report – Rural Program] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708145214/http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/corporate/2008csr_en/08/080102.html |date=8 July 2011 }} CMCC Official Site</ref>

===Aktivitas internasional===
Perusahaan ini berekspansi pada tahun 2007 dengan membeli [[Paktel]] asal Pakistan<ref name="CMCC News Paki">[http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/media/press12.html CMCC Officially Enter Pakistani Telecommunication Market, 25 March 2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601174804/http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/media/press12.html |date=1 June 2009 }} CMCC Official Site</ref> dan meluncurkan merek [[Zong (operator jaringan seluler)|Zong]] di sana setahun kemudian.<ref name="CMCC News ZONG">[http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/media/press17.html '''ZoNG''' the first international brand of China Mobile being launched in Pakistan, 5 April 2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611063919/http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/media/press17.html |date=11 June 2009 }} CMCC Official Site</ref>

Pada tahun 2013, China Mobile berencana berekspansi ke [[Myanmar]] dengan menyatakan ketertarikannya untuk menawar salah satu dari dua lisensi yang ditawarkan dalam sebuah kemitraan dengan [[Vodafone]], namun rencana ini akhirnya batal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2013 |title=Vodafone and China Mobile pull out of Myanmar race |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vodafone-chinamobile-myanmar-idUSBRE94U0FT20130531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420174239/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-vodafone-chinamobile-myanmar-idUSBRE94U0FT20130531 |archive-date=20 April 2016 |access-date=10 April 2016 |website=reuters.com |publisher=Thomson Reuters}}</ref>

===Akuisisi domestik===
Pada bulan Mei 2008, perusahaan ini mengakuisisi [[China Tietong]], sebuah perusahaan telekomunikasi jaringan tetap<ref name="Epre">Telecoms in China ''[[The Economist]]'', 29 May 2008</ref> dan [[ISP]] pita lebar terbesar ketiga di Tiongkok,<ref>[https://www.cnbc.com/id/24784814 China Mobile to take over China Tietong Telecom]{{Dead link|date=June 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> sehingga menambah layanan Internet ke bisnis inti dari layanan selulernya.

===Jaringan===
China Mobile mengoperasikan sebuah jaringan [[GSM]],<ref name="CMCC News BO">[http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/media/press080821_01.html Beijing Olympic Games spur another technological leap forward] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828044551/http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/media/press080821_01.html |date=28 August 2009 }} China Mobile, 18 Aug 2008</ref> yang meliputi 31 provinsi, wilayah otonom, dan kota setingkat provinsi di Tiongkok daratan, serta Hong Kong.<ref name=CM1/> Sementara [[GPRS]] digunakan untuk transmisi data.<ref name="CMCC Network">[http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/about/technologies.html Networks & Technologies] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821131929/http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/about/technologies.html |date=21 August 2009 }} China Mobile</ref>

;3G:
Dipasarkan sebagai "''G3''", perusahaan ini menguasai 70% pangsa pasar seluler Tiongkok, namun menguasai jauh lebih sedikit di pasar [[3G]].<ref name=morning/> {{as of|2012|May}}, pengguna 3G dari perusahaan ini berjumlah hampir 60 juta atau sekitar 9% dari total penggunanya,<ref name=td-lte/> meningkat 3% dari tahun 2010.<ref name="morning">China Mobile Still Dominates, but Faces Competition in 3G. ''morningstar.com'', 22 October 2010</ref>

Jaringan 3G dari perusahaan ini, yang masih dibangun pada tahun 2010, menggunakan standar [[TD-SCDMA]], yang mana China Mobile juga ikut bantu kembangkan. Layanan 3G tersedia di 4 [[kota setingkat provinsi]] dan sebagian besar dari 283 [[kota setingkat prefektur]] di Tiongkok hingga tahun.<ref name=2010rep/>

;4G:
Dipasarkan sebagai "''and和''", hingga tahun 2010, China Mobile telah meluncurkan jaringan demontrasi 4G berskala kecil dengan menggunakan varian [[Long Term Evolution]] dari [[3GPP]], yakni TD-LTE, dan kedepannya berencana melakukan demontrasi berskala kota.<ref name="2010rep">{{Cite conference |year=2010 |title=China Mobile Limited: Annual Report 2010 |url=http://www.chinamobileltd.com/images/pdf/2011/ar/2010_a_e_full.pdf |publisher=China Mobile Ltd |pages=13–14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617005835/http://www.chinamobileltd.com/images/pdf/2011/ar/2010_a_e_full.pdf |archive-date=17 June 2011 |access-date=18 June 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> {{as of|2012|May}}, jaringan 4G telah dioperasikan.<ref name=td-lte/>

Model iPhone lama tidak dapat menggunakan jaringan 4G China Mobile, karena chipset-nya bergantung pada jaringan berbasis WCDMA, obrolan untuk membawa 4G [[iPhone]] 4G ([[iPhone 5]]) pun dimulai pada pertengahan tahun 2012.<ref name=td-lte>{{Cite news |last=Lee |first=Chyen Yee |date=16 May 2012 <!-- 1:22am EDT --> |title=China Mobile in talks with Apple for iPhone |work=reuters.com |publisher=Thompson Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/16/us-chinamobile-idUSBRE84F06I20120516 |url-status=live |access-date=20 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519163127/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/16/us-chinamobile-idUSBRE84F06I20120516 |archive-date=19 May 2012}}</ref> [[iPhone 5C]] dan [[iPhone 5S]] pun dijual melalui China Mobile mulai bulan Januari 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anthony Ha |title=Apple Announces Deal To Bring iPhones To China Mobile Starting On Jan. 17 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/12/22/apple-china-mobile/?ncid=fb |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217082523/https://techcrunch.com/2013/12/22/apple-china-mobile/?ncid=fb |archive-date=17 February 2018 |access-date=6 August 2015 |website=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL}}</ref>

;Everest:
Pada tahun 2003 dan 2007, China Mobile menyediakan layanan seluler di [[Gunung Everest]].<ref>For 2003 service, see [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2956947.stm Everest goes online for anniversary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111144127/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2956947.stm |date=11 January 2011 }} Mary Hennock, bbc.co.uk, Wednesday, 23 April 2003, 04:23 GMT 05:23 UK
*Untuk layanan seluler pada tahun 2007, lihat [http://www.nbcnews.com/id/21777317 China tests Mt. Everest cell station] NBC News.msn.com, 13 November 2007 8:09:24 PM ET</ref>

;Cakupan Spratly Isles:
Pada bulan Mei 2011, China Mobile mengumumkan bahwa jaringannya kini meliputi [[Kepulauan Spratly]] yang kontroversial.<ref>Ian Mansfield, 18 May 2011, [http://www.cellular-news.com/story/49219.php China Mobile Expands Coverage to the Spratly Islands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316142717/http://www.cellular-news.com/story/49219.php |date=16 March 2012 }}, Cellular News</ref>

===Kesepakatan Nokia===
Pada bulan Oktober 2014, [[Nokia]] dan China Mobile meneken kesepakatan bingkai kerja senilai $970 juta untuk diterapkan pada tahun 2014 dan 2015.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Nokia, China Mobile sign $970 million framework deal |date=10 October 2014 |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/10/us-nokia-chinamobile-idUSKCN0HZ1O420141010 |access-date=30 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924205236/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/10/us-nokia-chinamobile-idUSKCN0HZ1O420141010 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/10/us-nokia-chinamobile-idUSKCN0HZ1O420141010 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2022-01-27 |archive-date=2015-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701094650/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/10/us-nokia-chinamobile-idUSKCN0HZ1O420141010 |dead-url=unfit }}</ref>

==Referensi==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Pranala luar ==
* {{Finance links
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| reuters = 0941.HK
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{{Indeks Perusahaan Tiongkok Hang Seng}}
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