Lihat sumber Kitab kehidupan

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'''Kitab kehidupan''' ('''Kitab hayat'''; {{lang-en|Book of Life}}; [[bahasa Ibrani]]: ספר החיים, ''Sefer HaChaim''; {{Lang-el|βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς}} ''Biblíon tēs Zōēs'') adalah sebuah kitab dalam kepercayaan [[Yudaisme]] dan [[Kristen]] di mana Allah mencatat nama-nama setiap orang yang ditentukan untuk masuk [[surga]] pada [[kehidupan setelah kematian]]. Menurut [[Talmud]] kitab itu dibuka setiap hari raya [[Rosh Hashanah]], sebagaimana juga "Kitab Kematian" (''Book of the Dead'') bagi orang-orang jahat.<!-- For this reason extra mention is made for the Book of Life during [[Amidah]] recitations during the [[High Holidays|Days of Awe]], the ten days between [[Rosh Hashanah]], the Jewish [[new year]], and [[Yom Kippur]], the day of atonement (the two [[High Holidays]], particularly in the prayer [[Unetaneh Tokef]]).
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== Alkitab Ibrani ==
Dalam [[Alkitab Ibrani]], Kitab kehidupan - kitab atau daftar [[:en:Muster (military)|muster]] milik Allah - mencatat selamanya semua orang yang dianggap saleh di hadapan Allah. Penghapusan nama dari kitab itu menyatakan "kematian".<ref>Shemot ([[Kitab Keluaran]]), yaitu {{Alkitab|Keluaran 32:33}}</ref><!--
It is with reference to the Book of Life that the holy remnant is spoken of as being written unto life<ref>A. V., "among the living"</ref> in [[Jerusalem]];<ref>Yisheyah ([[Book of Isaiah]]) [http://www.breslov.com/bible/Isaiah4.htm#3 4:3]</ref> compare also ''Ezekiel'' ix. 4, where one of the six heavenly envoys "who had the scribe's inkhorn upon his loins" is told to mark the righteous for life, while the remainder of the inhabitants of Jerusalem are doomed. The Psalmist likewise speaks of the ''Book of Life'' in which only the names of the righteous are written "and from which the unrighteous are blotted out".<ref>''Ps.'' lxix. 28; compare ''Ps.'' cxxxix. 16.</ref> Even the tears of men are recorded in this Book of God.<ref>''Ps.'' lvi. 9 [8].</ref> "Every one that shall be found written in the book . . . shall awake to everlasting life".<ref>''Dan.'' xii. 1 et seq.</ref> This book is probably identical with the "''Book of Remembrance''" in which are recorded the deeds of those that fear the Lord.<ref>''Mal.'' iii. 16.</ref>

==Book of Jubilees==
The ''[[Book of Jubilees]]''<ref>xxx. 20-22.</ref> speaks of two heavenly tablets or books: a Book of Life for the righteous, and a Book of Death for those that walk in the paths of impurity and are written down on the heavenly tablets as adversaries (of God). Also, according to ib. xxxvi. 10, one who contrives evil against his neighbor will be blotted out of the ''Book of Remembrance'' of men, and will not be written in the ''Book of Life'', but in the ''Book of Perdition''. In ''Dan.'' vii. 10 and ''Enoch'' xlvii. 3 "the [[Ancient of Days]]" is described as seated upon [[Throne of God|His throne]] of glory with "the Book" or "the Books of Life" ("of the Living") opened before Him. So are, according to ''Enoch'' civ. 1, the righteous "written before the glory of the Great One," and, according to ''Enoch'' cviii. 3, the transgressors "blotted out of the ''Book of Life'' and out of the books of the holy ones." To this Book of Life reference is made also in [[Shepherd of Hermas|Hermas]] (Vision i. 3; Mandate viii.; Similitude ii.); in ''Rev.'' iii. 5, xiii. 8, xvii. 8, xx. 12-15, where "two Books" are spoken of as being "opened before the throne, the Book of Life, and the Book of Death, in which latter the unrighteous are recorded together with their evil deeds, in order to be cast into the [[lake of fire]]." It is the ''Book of Life'' in which the [[Twelve apostles|apostles']] names are "written in heaven" (''Luke'' x. 20), or "the fellow-workers" of [[Paul of Tarsus|Paul]] (''Phil.'' iv. 3), and "the assembly of the first-born" (''Heb.'' xii. 23; compare ''I Clem.'' xlv.). To these Books of Records allusion is made also in ''Enoch'' lxxxi. 4, lxxxix. 61-77, xc. 17-20, xcviii. 76, civ. 7; ''Apoc. Baruch'', xxiv. 1; ''Ascensio Isa.'' ix. 20.
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== Perjanjian Baru ==
Kitab kehidupan dirujuk 1 kali dalam [[Surat Filipi]], dan 6 kali dalam [[Wahyu kepada Yohanes]], pada bagian [[Perjanjian Baru]] di [[Alkitab]] [[Kristen]].<ref>Antara lain [[Filipi 4#Ayat 3|Filipi 4:3]]; [[Wahyu 3#Ayat 5|Wahyu 3:5]], [[Wahyu 20#Ayat 12|Wahyu 20:12]], [[Wahyu 20#Ayat 15|Wahyu 20:15]]</ref><!--  attributed to  [[John of Patmos]]. As described, only those whose names are written in the ''Book of Life'' from the foundation of the world, and have not been blotted out by the [[Lamb of God|Lamb]], are saved at the [[Last Judgment]]; all others are doomed. ''And whosoever was not found written in the book of life was cast into the [[lake of fire]]'' (''Rev.'' 20:15, [[King James Version]]). ''And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works''. (''Rev.'' 20:12, [[King James Version]])

==The Eschatological or Annual Roll-Call==
While the prevailing tendency among apocryphal writers of the [[Hasidean]] school was to give the ''Book of Life'' an [[eschatology|eschatological]] meaning—and to this inclines also ''Targ. Jon.'' to ''Isa.'' iv. 3 and ''Ezek.'' xiii. 9 (compare ''Targ. Yer.'' to ''Ex.'' xxxii. 32)—the Jewish liturgy and the tradition relating to the New-Year's and Atonement days adhered to the ancient view which took the ''Book of Life'' in its natural meaning, preferring, from a sound practical point of view, the this-worldliness of Judaism to the heavenliness of the [[Essenes]]. Instead of transferring, as is done in the ''[[Book of Enoch]]'', the ''[[Testament of Abraham]]'', and elsewhere, the great [[Judgment Day]] to the hereafter, the Pharisaic school taught that on the first day of each year (Rosh ha-Shanah) God sits in judgment over His creatures and has the Books of Life  together with the books containing the records of the righteous and the wicked. And out of the middle state of the future judgment (see ''Testament of Abraham'', A, xiv.) there arose the idea of a third class of men who are no longer held in suspense.  (''Benonim'', the middle), and of a corresponding third book for this all (''R.H.'' 16b). In ''Tos. Sanh.'' xiii. 3, however, the annual (Rosh ha-Shanah) judgment (''Yom ha-Din'') is  recognized (compare ''Tos. R. H.'' i. 13, R. Jose's opinion in opposition to that of R. Akiba and R. Meïr, which has become the universally accepted one).

The origin of the heavenly Book of Life must be sought in [[Babylonia]], whereas the idea of the annual Judgment Day seems to have been adopted by the Jews under Babylonian influence in post-exilic times. The Babylonian legends<ref>See ''Creation Tab.'' iv. 121, and the ''Zu'' legend, ii. 7, quoted in Harper's "Babylonische Legenden," in ''Beitr. z. Assyriologie'' by Delitzsch and Haupt, 1892, ii. 2, p. 412.</ref> speak of the [[Tablets of Destiny]]; also of the tablets of the transgressions, sins, and wrongdoings, of the curses and execrations, of a person which should be "cast into the water"; that is, to be blotted out.<ref>Compare ''Micah'' vii. 19 and the art. ''Tashlik''.</ref> As to the resemblance of the Babylonian Zagmuku or New-Year to the Jewish New-Year see the art. ''Rosh ha-Shanah''. The living are the righteous (second half of the verse),<ref>''Ps.'' lxix.29.</ref> who alone are admitted to citizenship in the [[theocracy]]. The wicked are denied membership therein: they are blotted out of God's book (''Ex.'' xxxii. 32 et seq.). The figure is derived from the citizens' registers.<ref>''Ezek.'' xiii. 9; ''Jer.'' xxii. 30; and ''Ex.'' xxxii. 30-34, accordingly assigned by Holzinger to a late stratum; see his commentary.</ref> The life which the righteous participate in is to be understood in a temporal sense. In ''Dan.'' xii. 1, however, those who are found written in the book and who shall escape the troubles preparatory to the coming of the [[messiah|Messianic]] kingdom are they who, together with the risen martyrs, are destined to share in the everlasting life referred to in verse 2. The eternal life is certainly meant in ''Enoch'' xlvii. 3, civ. 1, cviii. 3, and frequently in the ''[[New Testament]]'' (especially in ''[[Book of Revelation|Revelation]]''). The [[Targum]] (''Isa.'' iv. 3; ''Ezek.'' xiii. 9) speaks of the "Book of Eternal Life." Temporal life is apparently prayed for in the liturgical formula: "Inscribe us in the Book of Life" (see Atonement, Day of). The [[Mishnah]] tells us that the deeds of every human being are recorded in a book (''Abot,'' ii. 1; see iii. 16). The ''Sefer Ḥasidim'' (xxxiii) pointedly adds that God is in no need of a book of records; "the Torah speaks the language of man"; i.e., figuratively.

== Fundraising ==

A book of life motif is frequently found in Jewish houses of worship. It is both a decorative feature and fundraiser. Enterprising men—one example was Lazarus Morgenthau—raised money by selling congregation members on having their name included in the book of life on the wall.
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== Lihat pula ==
* [[:en:Akashic records|Catatan Akhasi]]
* [[:en:Predestination|Predestinasi]]
* [[:en:Water of Life (Christianity)|Air hidup]]

== Referensi ==
<references/>

== Pustaka ==
* Charles, ''Book of Enoch'', pp.&nbsp;131–133
* [[:en:Gustaf_Dalman|Gustaf Dalman]], ''Worte Jesu'', p.&nbsp;171.
* JAL, "The Book of Life."
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[[Kategori:Yudaisme]]
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