Lihat sumber Penyerbuan Polandia

{{Infobox Military Conflict
|partof=[[Perang Dunia II]]
|image=[[Berkas:Schleswig Holstein firing Gdynia 13.09.1939.jpg|300px]]
|caption=Kapal Jerman [[Kapal perang Schleswig-Holstein|Schleswig-Holstein]], menembak [[Westerplatte]], [[1 September]] [[1939]].
|date=[[1 September]] – [[6 Oktober]] [[1939]]
|place=[[Republik Polandia Kedua|Polandia]] dan [[Kota Merdeka Danzig]]
|result=Kemenangan [[Blok Poros]] dan [[Soviet]]; Teritori Polandia terbagi antara Jerman dan Uni Soviet
|combatant1={{negara|Polandia}} [[Republik Polandia Kedua]] 
|combatant2=[[Berkas:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|22px]] [[Jerman Nazi]]{{br}}[[Berkas:Flag of the Soviet Union 1923.svg|22px]] [[Uni Soviet]]{{br}}[[Berkas:Flag of Slovakia (1939–1945).svg|22px]] [[Republik Slowakia (1939–1945)|Slowakia]]
|commander1={{negara|Polandia}} [[Edward Rydz-Śmigły]]
|commander2=[[Berkas:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|22px]] [[Fedor von Bock]]{{br}}[[Berkas:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|22px]] [[Gerd von Rundstedt]]{{br}}[[Berkas:Flag of the Soviet Union 1923.svg|22px]] [[Mikhail Kovalev]] <small>(Front Belorusia),</small>{{br}}[[Berkas:Flag of the Soviet Union 1923.svg|22px]] [[Semyon Timoshenko]] <small>(Front Ukraina),</small>{{br}}[[Berkas:Flag of Slovakia (1939–1945).svg|22px]] [[Ferdinand Čatloš]] 
|strength1='''Polandia''':{{br}}39 divisi,<ref name=pereslegin>Переслегин. Вторая мировая: война между реальностями.- М.:Яуза, Эксмо, 2006, с.22; Р. Э. Дюпюи, Т. Н. Дюпюи. Всемирная история войн. — С-П,М: АСТ, кн.4, с.93</ref>{{br}} 16 brigadir,<ref name=pereslegin/>{{br}}4.300 senapan,<ref name=pereslegin/>{{br}}880 tank,{{br}}772 pesawat militer<ref name=polishgovernment>Ministry of Foreign Affairs. [http://www.ww2.pl/The,1939,Campaign,22.html The 1939 Campaign] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211211729/http://www.ww2.pl/The%2C1939%2CCampaign%2C22.html |date=2013-12-11 }} [[Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs]], 2005</ref>{{br}} '''Jumlah: 950.000'''
|strength2='''Jerman''':{{br}}56 divisi,{{br}}4 brigadir,{{br}}9.000 senapan,<ref name=polishgovernment/>{{br}}2.500 tank,<ref name=polishgovernment/>{{br}}2.315 pesawat tempur<ref>E.R Hooton, p85</ref> {{br}}'''Uni Soviet''':{{br}}33+ divisi,{{br}}11+ brigadir,{{br}}4.959 senapan,{{br}}4.736 tank,{{br}}3.300 pesawat tempur{{br}}'''Slowakia''':{{br}}3 divisi{{br}}'''Jumlah''':{{br}}1.500.000 orang Jerman,<ref name=polishgovernment/>{{br}} 800.000+ orang Soviet,{{br}} 50.000 orang Slowakia{{br}}'''Seluruhnya: 2.350.000+''' 
|casualties1='''Polandia''':{{br}}65.000 tewas,{{br}}130.700 terluka,{{br}}694.000 ditangkap
|casualties2='''Jerman''':{{br}}17.343 tewas,{{br}}26.280 terluka,{{br}}320 hilang{{br}}'''Uni Soviet''':{{br}}848 tewas atau hilang,{{br}}1.225 terluka{{br}}'''Slowakia''':{{br}}29 tewas,{{br}}57 terluka,{{br}}11 hilang
}}
'''Penyerbuan Polandia 1939''' (di [[Polandia]] juga disebut "'''Kampanye September'''", "''Kampania wrześniowa''," dan "'''Perang Defensif 1939'''," "''Wojna obronna 1939 roku''"; di [[Jerman]], "'''Kampanye Polandia'''," "''Polenfeldzug''," , dan kadang-kadang disebut "'''Perang Polandia-Jerman 1939'''"), adalah invasi yang dilancarkan oleh [[Jerman Nazi]], [[Uni Soviet]], dan kontingen [[Invasi Slowakia ke Polandia|Slowakia]] yang merupakan sebab khusus [[Perang Dunia II]].

Penyerbuan [[Polandia]] menandai dimulainya [[Palagan Eropa dalam Perang Dunia II|Perang Dunia II di Eropa]]. [[Blok Sekutu dalam Perang Dunia II|Sekutu]] Polandia: [[Britania Raya]], [[Australia]], dan [[Selandia Baru]],<ref name="NZHistory">{{cite web |author=History Group of the Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand  |title=Overview - New Zealand and the Second World War |publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand |year=2005 |work=New Zealand's History online |url=http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/node/2334 |accessdate=2007-01-15 |language=English}}</ref> menyatakan perang kepada [[Jerman Nazi|Jerman]] pada tanggal [[3 September]], yang segera diikuti oleh [[Prancis]], [[Afrika Selatan]], dan [[Kanada]]. Penyerbuan Polandia dimulai pada tanggal [[1 September]] [[1939]], satu minggu setelah penandatanganan [[Pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop]], dan penyerbuan ini berakhir pada tanggal [[6 Oktober]] [[1939]], setelah Jerman dan Uni Soviet menduduki seluruh Polandia. Walaupun Britania Raya dan Prancis menyatakan perang setelah Jerman menyerang Polandia, sangat sedikit aksi militer langsung yang dilakukan (lihat [[Perang Phoney]]).

Dengan terjadinya [[Insiden Gleiwitz]] pada tanggal [[31 Agustus]] [[1939]], pada [[1 September]], pasukan Jerman menyerang Polandia dari arah utara, selatan, dan barat. Pasukan Polandia terpencar untuk melindungi perbatasan panjang mereka, dan segera mundur ke timur. Setelah kekalahan Polandia pada pertengahan September dalam [[Pertempuran Bzura]], tentara Polandia mulai mundur ke tenggara untuk melindungi ''[[przedmoście rumuńskie]]'', tempat pasukan Polandia menunggu bantuan Sekutu.<ref name="Baliszewski-MH">Baliszewski, ''Most honoru''</ref>

Pada tanggal [[17 September]] [[1939]], [[tentara Merah]] Soviet menyerang [[Kresy|daerah timur Polandia]].<ref name="Fischer">Fischer 1999–2000</ref> Soviet mengambil daerah mereka sesuai dengan pembagian pada pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop.<ref name="Cienciala">{{cite web |authorlink=Anna M. Cienciala |first=Anna M. |last=Cienciala  |year=2004 |url=http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/hist557/lect16.htm |title=The Coming of the War and Eastern Europe in World War II |publisher=[[University of Kansas]] |accessdate=2006-03-15}}</ref> Pemerintah Polandia menyadari bahwa mempertahakan ''Przedmoście rumuńskie'' sudah tidak berguna dan memerintahkan evakuasi ke [[Rumania]].<ref name="Sanford">{{wikiref |id=Sanford-2005 |text=Sanford 2005, pp. 20–24}}</ref> Pada [[1 Oktober]], Jerman dan Uni Soviet berhasil menguasai seluruh Polandia, walaupun pemerintah Polandia tidak pernah menyerah.

Setelah kampanye militer September, [[Negara Rahasia Polandia|gerakan perlawanan]] dibentuk. Pasukan Polandia terus terlibat dalam operasi militer Sekutu.

== Catatan kaki ==
{{reflist}}

== Referensi ==
* {{cite book|last=Cooper|first=Matthew|title=The German Army 1939–1945: Its Political and Military Failure|url=https://archive.org/details/germanarmy1933190000coop_r0w6|publisher=Stein and Day|location=New York|year=1978|isbn=0-8128-2468-7}}
* {{cite journal |authorlink=Dariusz Baliszewski |last=Baliszewski |first=Dariusz |url=http://www.wprost.pl/ar/?O=68347 |title=Wojna sukcesów |journal=[[Wprost]] |issue=1141 |date=[[2004-10-10]] |language=Polish |accessdate=2005-03-24}}
* {{cite journal |authorlink=Dariusz Baliszewski |last=Baliszewski |first=Dariusz |url=http://www.wprost.pl/ar/?O=66711 |title=Most honoru  |journal=[[Wprost]] |issue=1138 |date=[[2004-09-19]] |language=Polish |accessdate=2005-03-24}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=Marek Jan Chodakiewicz|last=Chodakiewicz|first=Marek Jan|title=Between Nazis and Soviets: Occupation Politics in Poland, 1939–1947|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2004|isbn=0-7391-0484-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Ellis|first=John|title=[[Brute Force (book)|Brute Force: Allied Strategy and Tactics in the Second World War]]|publisher=Viking Adult|edition=1st American ed.|year=1999|isbn=0-670-80773-7}}
* {{cite journal |authorlink=Benjamin B. Fischer |last=Fischer |first=Benjamin B. |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/winter99-00/art6.html |title=The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field |journal=[[Studies in Intelligence]] |date=Winter 1999–2000 |accessdate=2005-12-10 |archive-date=2010-01-17 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq16st2z?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/winter99-00/art6.html |dead-url=yes }}
* {{cite book|authorlink=Jan T. Gross|last=Gross|first=Jan T.|title=Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland's Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia|location=Princeton|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2002|isbn=0-691-09603-1}}
* {{cite book|last=Hooton|first=E. R.|year=2007|title=Luftwaffe at War: Gathering Storm 1933–1939 Volume 1|location=London|publisher=Chervron/Ian Allen|isbn=978-1-903223-71-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Kennedy|first=Robert M.|title=The German Campaign in Poland (1939)|publisher=Zenger|year=1980|isbn=0-89201-064-9}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=Richard C. Lukas|last=Lukas|first=Richard C.|title=Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939–1944|publisher=Hippocrene Books|year=2001|isbn=0-7818-0901-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Majer|first=Diemut|coauthors=et al.|title=Non-Germans under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe, with Special Regard to Occupied Poland, 1939–1945|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|year=2003|isbn=0-8018-6493-3}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=Anita J. Prazmowska|last=Prazmowska|first=Anita J.|title=Britain and Poland 1939–1943: The Betrayed Ally|url=https://archive.org/details/britainpoland1930000praz|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1995|isbn=0-521-48385-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Rossino|first=Alexander B.|title=Hitler Strikes Poland: Blitzkrieg, Ideology and Atrocity|url=https://archive.org/details/hitlerstrikespol0000ross|location=Lawrence|publisher=University Press of Kansas|year=2003|isbn=0-7006-1234-3}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=George Sanford (scholar)|last=Sanford|first=George|year=2005|title=Katyn and the Soviet Massacre Of 1940: Truth, Justice And Memory|location=London, New York|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0415338735}}
* {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Peter Charles|title=Stuka Spearhead: The Lightning War from Poland to Dunkirk 1939–1940|url=https://archive.org/details/stukaspearheadli0000smit|publisher=Greenhill Books|year=1998|isbn=1-85367-329-3}}
* {{cite book|last=Sword|first=Keith|title=The Soviet Takeover of the Polish Eastern Provinces, 1939–41|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=1991|isbn=0-312-05570-6}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=Wacław Stachiewicz|first=Wacław|last=Stachiewicz|title=Wierności dochować żołnierskiej|publisher=OW RYTM|year=1998|isbn=83-86678-71-2|language=Polish}}
* {{cite book|last=Taylor|first=A. J. P.|coauthors=Mayer, S. L. (eds.)|title=A History Of World War Two|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofworldwa00tayl|location=London|publisher=Octopus Books|year=1974|isbn=0-70640-399-1}}
* {{cite book|last=Zaloga|first=Steve|coauthors=Gerrard, Howard|title=Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg|url=https://archive.org/details/poland1939birtho0000zalo|location=Oxford|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=2002|isbn=1-84176-408-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Zaloga|first=Steve|title=The Polish Army 1939–1945|location=Oxford|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=1982|isbn=0-85045-417-4}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Internetowa encyklopedia PWN]] |url=http://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/33490_1.html |title=KAMPANIA WRZEŚNIOWA 1939 |accessdate=2005-12-10 |language=Polish}}
* {{cite book|first=Jochen|last=Böhler|title=Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg; Die Wehrmacht in Polen 1939 (Preface to the War of Annihilation: Wehrmacht in Poland)|year=2006|publisher=Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag|location=Frankfurt|isbn=3-596-16307-2|language=German}}

== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/DAP-Poland/Campaign-III.html detailed outline of campaign, mainly from German documents]
* [http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/newspapers/operations/poland_e.html World War 2 Online Newspaper Archives - The Invasion of Poland, 1939] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215210220/http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/newspapers/operations/poland_e.html |date=2007-12-15 }}
* [http://www.worldwar2database.com/html/poland.htm The Campaign in Poland at WorldWar2 Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311033339/http://www.worldwar2database.com/html/poland.htm |date=2007-03-11 }}
* [http://www.achtungpanzer.com/polcamp.htm The Campaign in Poland at Achtung! Panzer]
* [http://www.feldgrau.com/stats.html German Statistics including September Campaign losses]
* [http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/EuropeatWar/blitzkrieg_poland.htm Brief Campaign losses and more statistics]
* [http://worldatwar.net/wars/ww2/poland39/ Fall Weiß - The Fall of Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050829215526/http://worldatwar.net/wars/ww2/poland39/ |date=2005-08-29 }}
* [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/wwii/bluebook/blbk19.htm Agreement of Mutual Assistance Between the United Kingdom and Poland.-London, 25&nbsp;August 1939.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126160834/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/wwii/bluebook/blbk19.htm |date=2005-11-26 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040817080534/http://ww2.boom.ru/Poland/defence.html Poland's Defence War], a fairly detailed but possibly one sided account of the Polish defense in 1939
* [http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_225.html Radio reports on the German invasion of Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050507162338/http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_225.html |date=2005-05-07 }} and [http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_199.html Nazi broadcast claiming that Germany's action is an act of defense] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050404033022/http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_199.html |date=2005-04-04 }}
* [http://adolfhitler.ws/lib/proc/reply.html German reply] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007164624/http://adolfhitler.ws/lib/proc/reply.html |date=2006-10-07 }} to British Government's ultimatum of [[3 September]] [[1939]]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3506000/3506335.stm Headline story on BBC: Germany invades Poland] [[1 September]] [[1939]].
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/special_report/1999/08/99/world_war_11/default.stm BBC portal dedicated to the start of WW II in Europe]
* [http://www.ipn.gov.pl/eng/eng_vt_soviet17.html September 17, 1939 - Soviet aggression on Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125141611/http://www.ipn.gov.pl/eng/eng_vt_soviet17.html |date=2005-11-25 }}
* [http://www.engdahl.oilgeopolitics.net/History/MacKinder/mackinder.html Halford Mackinder's Necessary War] An essay describing the Polish Campaign in a larger strategic context of the war
* [http://www.svetskirat.net/istorija/poljska.htm Invasion of Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071229230401/http://www.svetskirat.net/istorija/poljska.htm |date=2007-12-29 }}

[[Kategori:Invasi]]
[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 1939]]
[[Kategori:Pertempuran Perang Dunia II melibatkan Polandia]]
[[Kategori:Pertempuran Perang Dunia II melibatkan Rusia]]
[[Kategori:Pertempuran Perang Dunia II melibatkan Jerman]]
[[Kategori:Pertempuran Perang Dunia II melibatkan Slowakia]]
[[Kategori:Polandia dalam tahun 1939]]
[[Kategori:Rusia dalam tahun 1939]]
[[Kategori:Jerman dalam tahun 1939]]
[[Kategori:Slowakia dalam tahun 1939]]