Lihat sumber Dred Scott v. Sandford

{{Infobox SCOTUS case
| Litigants = Dred Scott v. Sandford
| ArgueDateA = 11 Februari
| ArgueDateB = 14
| ArgueYear = 1856
| ReargueDateA = 15 Desember
| ReargueDateB = 18
| ReargueYear = 1856
| DecideDate = 6 Maret
| DecideYear = 1857
| FullName = Dred Scott v. John F. A. Sandford<ref name="name">While the name of the Supreme Court case is ''Scott vs. Sandford'', the respondent's [[surname]] was actually "Sanford". A [[Court clerk|clerk]] misspelled the name, and the court never corrected the error. {{cite journal |last=Vishneski |first=John |title=What the Court Decided in Dred Scott v. Sandford |journal=[[American Journal of Legal History]] |year=1988 |volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=373–390 |publisher=[[Temple University]] |jstor=845743 |doi=10.2307/845743}}</ref>
| ParallelCitations = 19 [[Benjamin Chew Howard|How.]] 393; 15 [[L. Ed.]] 691; 1856 [[Westlaw|WL]] 8721; 1856 [[U.S. LEXIS]] 472
| Docket = 
| USVol = 60
| USPage = 393
| OralArgument = 
| OralReargument = 
| OpinionAnnouncement = 
| Opinion = https://cdn.loc.gov/service/ll/usrep/usrep060/usrep060393a/usrep060393a.pdf
| Prior = Putusan untuk tergugat, C.C.D. Mo.
| Subsequent = 
| Holding = Putusan dibatalkan dan gugatan materil ditolak karena tidak adanya yurisdiksi. {{ordered list |style=text-align: left; 
|1=Orang keturunan Afrika tidak bisa dan tidak pernah diniatkan untuk menjadi warga negara oleh Konstitusi AS, sehingga tergugat tidak memiliki ''legal standing'' untuk mengajukan gugatan.
 |2=''[[Property Clause]]'' hanya berlaku untuk tanah yang dikuasai pada saat ratifikasi Konstitusi (1787), sehingga Kongres tidak dapat melarang perbudakan pada wilayah tersebut dan [[Kompromi Missouri]] bertentangan dengan Konstitusi.
  |3=''[[Due Process Clause]]'' pada [[Amandemen Kelima Konstitusi Amerika Serikat|Amandemen Kelima]] melarang pemerintah federal untuk memerdekakan budak yang dibawa ke wilayah federal. }}
| Majority = [[s:en:Dred Scott v. Sandford/Opinion of the Court|Taney]]
| JoinMajority = Wayne, Catron, Daniel, Nelson, Grier, Campbell
| Concurrence = [[s:en:Dred Scott v. Sandford/Concurrence Wayne|Wayne]]
| JoinConcurrence = 
| Concurrence2 = [[s:en:Dred Scott v. Sandford/Separate Catron|Catron]]
| JoinConcurrence2 = 
| Concurrence3 = [[s:en:Dred Scott v. Sandford/Separate Daniel|Daniel]]
| Concurrence4 = [[s:en:Dred Scott v. Sandford/Separate Nelson|Nelson]]
| JoinConcurrence4 = Grier
| Concurrence5 = [[s:en:Dred Scott v. Sandford/Separate Grier|Grier]]
| Concurrence6 = [[s:en:Dred Scott v. Sandford/Concurrence Campbell|Campbell]]
| Concurrence/Dissent = 
| JoinConcurrence/Dissent = 
| Dissent = [[s:en:Dred Scott v. Sandford/Dissent McLean|McLean]]
| JoinDissent = 
| Dissent2 = [[s:en:Dred Scott v. Sandford/Dissent Curtis|Curtis]]
| JoinDissent2 = 
| LawsApplied = [[Amandemen Kelima Konstitusi Amerika Serikat|U.S. Const. amend. V]]; [https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_States_of_America_1992?lang=en#Article_IV U.S. Const. art. IV, § 3, cl. 2];; [[Missouri Compromise]]
| Superseded = [[Amandemen Ketiga Belas Konstitusi Amerika Serikat|U.S. Const. amends. XIII]], [[Amandemen Keempat Belas Konstitusi Amerika Serikat|XIV]], [[Amandemen Kelima Belas Konstitusi Amerika Serikat|XV]];<br>''[[Civil Rights Act of 1866]]'';<br>''[[Kleppe v. New Mexico]]'' (1976) (sebagian)<ref name="Daniel A. Farber, ''A Fatal Loss of Balance: Dred Scott Revisited'', UC Berkeley Public Law Research Paper No. 1782963 (2011).">Daniel A. Farber, ''A Fatal Loss of Balance: Dred Scott Revisited'', UC Berkeley Public Law Research Paper No. 1782963 (2011).</ref>
| Overruled = 
}}
{{wikisource|en:Dred Scott v. Sandford|''Dred Scott v. Sandford''}}
[[Berkas:Oil on Canvas Portrait of Dred Scott (cropped).jpg|jmpl|272x272px|Potret Dred Scott]]
'''''Dred Scott v. Sandford''''', {{Ussc|60|393|1857}}, adalah putusan [[Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat]] yang menyatakan bahwa orang [[Afrika Amerika]], baik yang [[budak]] maupun bukan, tidak dapat menjadi warga negara [[Amerika Serikat]] dan maka tidak memiliki kedudukan hukum di pengadilan federal.<ref name="test">[http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2007/1/2007_1_72.shtml Frederic D. Schwarz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203175055/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2007/1/2007_1_72.shtml |date=2008-12-03 }} "The Dred Scott Decision", ''American Heritage'', Februari/Maret 2007.</ref><ref name="Finkelman, Paul 2007">{{cite journal |last=Finkelman |first=Paul |url=http://www.cklawreview.com/wp-content/uploads/vol82no1/Finkelman.pdf |format=PDF |title=Scott v. Sandford: The Court's Most Dreadful Case and How it Changed History |volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=3–48 |journal=[[Chicago-Kent Law Review]] |year=2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425133058/http://www.cklawreview.com/wp-content/uploads/vol82no1/Finkelman.pdf |archivedate=2012-04-25 |access-date=2014-05-21 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Putusan ini juga menyatakan bahwa pemerintah federal tidak memiliki wewenang untuk mengatur [[perbudakan]] di wilayah-wilayah federal yang diperoleh setelah didirikannya Amerika Serikat. Selain itu, Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat juga menyatakan [[Kompromi Missouri]] tidak konstitusional, sehingga menjadikannya undang-undang [[Kongres Amerika Serikat|Kongres]] kedua yang dinyatakan tidak konstitusional.<ref>{{cite web |title=Legislation Declared Unconstitutional |publisher=CQ Press |url=http://www.cqpress.com/context/constitution/docs/legislation.html}}</ref> 

[[Dred Scott]], seorang budak Afrika Amerika yang dibawa pemiliknya ke wilayah yang sudah menghapuskan perbudakan, mencoba menuntut kebebasannya. Berdasaran putusan 7-2 yang ditulis oleh [[Roger B. Taney]], mahkamah menolak permintaan Scott. Meskipun Taney berharap putusannya akan menyelesaikan masalah perbudakan, putusan ini malah memicu perlawanan dari kaum anti-perbudakan di utara, terutama [[Sejarah Partai Republikan Amerika Serikat|Republikan]]. Sebagian besar ahli saat ini (dan banyak ahli hukum pada masa itu) menganggap putusan mahkamah mengenai perbudakan sebagai ''[[Obiter dictum|dictum]]'' dan bukan [[preseden]] yang mengikat. putusan ini nantinya menjadi salah satu pemicu tidak langsung [[Perang Saudara Amerika]]. 

Putusan ini digantikan oleh Undang-Undang Hak Sipil 1866, yang memberi kewarganegaraan penuh kepada orang kulit hitam. Para ahli saat ini menganggap putusan ini sebagai putusan terburuk yang pernah dibuat oleh Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat.<ref name="Finkelman, Paul 2007"/><ref>{{cite book|first=Ethan|last=Greenberg|title=Dred Scott and the Dangers of a Political Court|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_5DCJaGAdsQC|year=2010|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=9780739137598}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Paul|last=Finkleman|title=Dred Scott vs. Sandford: A Brief History with Documents|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=cBcoT3Rtqq8C&pg=PA5|year=1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|page=5|isbn=9780312128074}}</ref>

== Catatan kaki ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala luar ==
* {{wikisource-inline|list=
** [[s:Dred Scott v. Sandford|Dred Scott v. Sandford]]
** {{Cite NIE|Dred Scott Case|year=1905|noicon=x}}
** {{Cite Collier's|Dred Scott Case|noicon=x}}
}}
* {{Caselaw source
 |case=''Dred Scott v. Sandford'', 60 U.S. 393 (1856)
 |findlaw=http://laws.findlaw.com/us/60/393.html
 |justia=http://supreme.justia.com/us/60/393/case.html
 |other_source1=LII
 |other_url1=http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct-cgi/get-us-cite?60+393
}}
* [http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/DredScott.html Primary documents and bibliography about the Dred Scott case], from the [[Library of Congress]]
* [http://www.oyez.org/cases/1851-1900/1856/1856_0 Summary of the case from OYEZ]
* [http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9031170 "Dred Scott decision"], ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' 2006. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 17 December 2006. www.yowebsite.com
* [http://www.historynet.com/magazines/civil_war_times/3037746.html Gregory J. Wallance, "Dred Scott Decision: The Lawsuit That Started The Civil War"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930201342/http://www.historynet.com/magazines/civil_war_times/3037746.html |date=2007-09-30 }}, History.net, originally in ''Civil War Times Magazine'', March/April 2006
* [http://www.nps.gov/jeff Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, National Park Service]
* [http://www.infography.com/content/523931007610.html Infography about the Dred Scott Case]
* [http://digital.wustl.edu/d/dre/index.html The Dred Scott Case Collection], Washington University in St. Louis
* [http://www.brown.edu/Research/Slavery_Justice/documents/SlaveryAndJustice.pdf Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice]
* [http://www.theliberatorfiles.com/category/dred-scott-decision/ Dred Scott case articles from William Lloyd Garrison's abolitionist newspaper The Liberator]

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