Lihat sumber Forum Negara-Negara Pengekspor Gas

{{Infobox Geopolitical organization
| conventional_long_name   = Forum Negara Pengekspor Gas (GECF)
| linking_name             = the Gas Exporting Countries Forum
| symbol_type              = Logo
| image_symbol             = GECF Logo.jpg
| symbol_width = 190px
| image_map = GasOPEC.PNG
| map_caption = Anggota (biru) dan pengamat (oranye) Forum Negara Pengekspor Gas.
| org_type = Forum perdagangan
| membership_type = Anggota<ref>[https://www.gecf.org/gecfmembers/gecf-countries GECF Members & Observers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108043205/http://www.gecf.org/gecfmembers/gecf-countries |date=2015-11-08 }} GECF</ref>
| membership =
 {{collapsible list
  |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
  |title = 11 negara
  |{{flagcountry|Algeria}} |{{flagcountry|Bolivia}} |{{flagcountry|Egypt}}
  |{{flagcountry|Equatorial Guinea}} |{{flagcountry|Iran}} |{{flagcountry|Libya}}
  |{{flagcountry|Nigeria}} |{{flagcountry|Qatar}} |{{flagcountry|Russia}}
  |{{nowrap|{{flagcountry|Trinidad and Tobago}}}} |{{flagcountry|Venezuela}} |<hr/>
 }}
 {{collapsible list
  |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
  |title = 8 pengamat
  |{{flagcountry|Angola}} |{{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}} |{{flagcountry|Iraq}} |{{flagcountry|Malaysia}}  |
{{flagcountry|Mozambique}} |
{{flagcountry|Norway}} |{{flagcountry|Peru}} |{{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}}
}}
| established = [[Teheran]], [[Iran]]
| established_event1 = Forum 
| established_date1 = 20 Mei 2001 
| admin_center_type = Markas besar
| admin_center = {{nowrap|[[Doha]], [[Qatar]]}}
| languages_type = Bahasa resmi
| languages = [[Bahasa Inggris]]
| leader_title1 = {{nowrap|Sekretaris Jenderal}}
| leader_name1 = {{nowrap|Mohammad Hamel}}
| established_event2 = Statuta
| established_date2 = 23 Desember 2008
| area_magnitude =
| area_km2 = 26965287.87
| area_sq_mi = 
| population_estimate = 599,861,442
| population_density_km2 = {{#expr: 599861442 / 26965287.87 round 1}}
| official_website = {{URL|www.gecf.org}}
}}
[[File:Participants in the 7th meeting of the Gas Exporting Countries' Forum in Moscow.jpg|thumb|[[Dmitry Medvedev]] dan para peserta dalam pertemuan tingkat menteri ketujuh Forum Negara Pengekspor Gas (GECF), [[Komplek Istana Kremlin|Kremlin Moskow]], 2008.]]
[[File:The Second Gas Summit 1.jpg|thumb|[[Vladimir Putin]] dan para peserta pertemuan kepala negara dan pemerintahan Forum Negara Pengekspor Gas (GECF), [[Komplek Istana Kremlin|Kremlin Moskow]], 2013.]]
[[File:Third GECF summit in Tehran 50.jpg|thumb|[[Hassan Rouhani]] memimpin [[KTT GECF Ketiga]], 22 Mei 2015]]

'''Forum Negara-Negara Pengekspor Gas''' ('''''Gas Exporting Countries Forum''''', '''GECF''') adalah [[organisasi]] antarnegara yang menghimpun sejumlah negara utama penghasil dan pengekspor [[gas alam]]. Media kerap kali menjuluki organisasi ini sebagai "Gas-OPEC".

== Sejarah ==
GECF dibentuk tahun 2001 di [[Teheran]], [[Iran]]. Hingga tahun 2009 telah diadakan pertemuan setingkat menteri tujuh kali. Pertemuan terakhir berlangsung di [[Moskwa]] pada tanggal 23 Desember 2008, yang melahirkan piagam organisasi.<ref name =reuters2>{{cite news
|url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/businessIndustry/idUKTRE4BL3G020081223?sp=true
|title = Russia hosts new gas body, faces OPEC ire over oil
|author = Katya Golubkova, Amie Ferris-Rotman
|publisher = [[Reuters]]
|date = 2008-12-23
|accessdate = 2008-12-23
|archive-date = 2009-01-11
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090111043047/http://uk.reuters.com/article/businessIndustry/idUKTRE4BL3G020081223?sp=true
|dead-url = no
}}</ref><ref name =rbc>{{cite news
|url = http://top.rbc.ru/economics/23/12/2008/270661.shtml
|title = Страны-экспортеры газа создали свой вариант ОПЕК (''Natural gas exporting countries create their own OPEC'')
|publisher = RBC
|date = 2008-12-23
|accessdate = 2008-12-23
|language = '''Russian'''
|archive-date = 2008-12-24
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081224012902/http://top.rbc.ru/economics/23/12/2008/270661.shtml
|dead-url = yes
}}</ref>

== Gas OPEC ==
Sejak berdirinya GECF pada tahun 2001, selalu ada spekulasi bahwa beberapa produsen gas alam terbesar di dunia, khususnya Rusia dan Iran, berniat untuk membuat kartel gas yang setara dengan [[OPEC]] yang akan menetapkan kuota dan harga sendiri. Ide tentang gas OPEC pertama kali dilontarkan oleh Presiden Rusia [[Vladimir Putin]] dan didukung oleh Presiden Kazakhstan [[Nursultan Nazarbaev]] pada tahun 2002. Pada bulan Mei 2006 wakil ketua [[Gazprom]], [[Alexander Medvedev]], mengancam bahwa Rusia akan menciptakan "aliansi pemasok gas yang akan lebih berpengaruh daripada OPEC" jika Rusia tidak berhasil dalam negosiasi energi dengan Eropa.<ref name="rferl">{{cite news|author=Roman Kupchinsky|date=2006-08-14|title=Russia: Algeria Deal Revives Talk Of Gas Cartel|publisher=RFE/RL|url=https://www.rferl.org/content/article/1070561.html|url-status=live|access-date=2008-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081212121357/http://www.rferl.org/content/Article/1070561.html|archive-date=2008-12-12}}</ref> Pejabat Iran secara eksplisit menyatakan dukungan kuat untuk kartel gas dan mengadakan pembicaraan resmi dengan Rusia.<ref name="cnn">{{cite news|date=2007-02-02|title=Russia, Iran in talks to create natural gas organization|agency=CNN|url=https://money.cnn.com/2007/02/02/news/international/natural_gas/index.htm?|url-status=live|access-date=2008-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509145757/http://money.cnn.com/2007/02/02/news/international/natural_gas/index.htm|archive-date=2008-05-09}}</ref>

Penciptaan Gas OPEC adalah salah satu topik KTT GECF pertama. Namun, beberapa anggota GECF khawatir ekspor gas akan dipolitisasi.<ref name="vor141111">{{cite news|last=Fedoruk|first=Vladimir|date=2011-11-14|title=A gas OPEC to dominate GECF summit in Doha, Russia not present|work=[[Voice of Russia]]|url=https://english.ruvr.ru/2011/11/14/60354788.html|url-status=dead|access-date=2011-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116021610/http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/11/14/60354788.html|archive-date=2011-11-16}}</ref> GECF umumnya menahan diri untuk mengoordinasikan tingkat produksi.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 April 2020|title=Feature: Unfettered global natural gas market a sign of the times {{!}} Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide|url=https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/feature-unfettered-global-natural-gas-market-a-sign-of-the-times/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409101939/https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/feature-unfettered-global-natural-gas-market-a-sign-of-the-times/|archive-date=9 April 2020|website=www.hellenicshippingnews.com|quote=There is no history of coordinated action on production and the closest thing to a "Gas OPEC" — the Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) — has repeatedly ruled out joint intervention in the market}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2 April 2020|title=Feature: Unfettered global natural gas market a sign of the times {{!}} S&P Global Platts|url=https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/natural-gas/040220-feature-unfettered-global-gas-market-a-sign-of-the-times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412045743/https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/natural-gas/040220-feature-unfettered-global-gas-market-a-sign-of-the-times|archive-date=12 April 2020|website=www.spglobal.com}}</ref>

Menurut Sekretaris Jenderal GECF Yuri Sentyurin, masalah pembentukan "OPEC gas" secara teratur diangkat pada pertemuan tingkat menteri. Namun tidak seperti pasar minyak, tidak ada pasar dan harga tunggal di pasar gas. Selain itu, forum tersebut awalnya disusun sebagai platform diskusi, oleh karena itu, tanpa mengubah Piagam, terlalu dini untuk membicarakan instrumen praktis dengan analogi dengan OPEC.<ref>{{cite web|title=OPEC : OPEC, GECF hold first high-level meeting|url=https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/press_room/6209.htm|access-date=2021-03-11|website=www.opec.org|archive-date=2023-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415123123/https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/press_room/6209.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== Tujuan ==
Ada tiga tujuan pokok organisasi ini:
* membina konsep kebersamaan kepentingan melalui dialog antarprodusen, antara produsen dan konsumen, serta antara pemerintah dan industri-industri terkait;
* menyediakan wadah untuk mendukung penelitian dan pertukaran pandangan;
* mendukung pasar energi yang stabil dan transparan.

<!-- ==Organizational structure==
GECF does not have headquarters yet; Qatar's national oil company [[Qatar Petroleum]] serves as a GECF Liaison Office. Although Russia's Prime Minister [[Vladimir Putin]] offered to give GECF full diplomatic status in a location in [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]<ref name=bbc1/>, it was decided on 23 December 2008 to set up an Executive Office and a Secretariat in Doha, Qatar.  The Secretary General will be elected on the eight ministerial meeting.<ref name=xinhua/> -->

== Pertemuan setingkat menteri ==
Hingga 2008 telah diadakan tujuh kali pertemuan tahunan:
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! colspan="2" | Pertemuan !! Tahun 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Teheran]], [[Iran]] || [[2001]] 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Aljir]], [[Aljazair]] || [[2002]] 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Doha]], [[Qatar]] || [[2003]] 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Kairo]], [[Mesir]] || [[2004]] 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Port of Spain]], [[Trinidad dan Tobago]] || [[2005]] 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Doha]], [[Qatar]] || [[2007]] 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Moskwa]], [[Rusia]] || [[2008]]
|}

== Keanggotaan ==
Dalam pertemuan terakhir di Moskwa, anggota organisasi ini adalah [[Aljazair]], [[Bolivia]], [[Brunei]], [[Mesir]], [[Guinea Ekuatorial]], [[Indonesia]], [[Iran]], [[Libya]], [[Malaysia]], [[Nigeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Rusia]], [[Trinidad dan Tobago]], [[Uni Emirat Arab]], and [[Venezuela]]. [[Kazakhstan]] dan [[Norwegia]] berstatus pengamat.<ref name=xinhua>{{cite news
|url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-12/24/content_10552504.htm
|title = World gas producers approve charter for Doha-based forum
|publisher = Xinhua
|date = 2008-12-24
|accessdate = 2008-12-26
|archive-date = 2009-01-10
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090110212911/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-12/24/content_10552504.htm
|dead-url = no
}}</ref><ref name=bbc1>{{cite news
|title=Putin says 'cheap gas era' ending
|publisher=BBC
|date=2008-12-23
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7796806.stm
|accessdate=2008-12-23
|archive-date=2008-12-23
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223233826/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7796806.stm
|dead-url=no
}}</ref><ref name=rferl2>{{cite news
|url = http://www.rferl.org/content/NaturalGas_Producers_Meeting_In_Moscow_To_Finalize_Forum/1362739.html
|title = Russia Says Gas Forum Will Not Be OPEC-Like Cartel
|publisher = RFE/RL
|date = 2008-12-23
|accessdate = 2008-12-23
|archive-date = 2009-01-14
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090114094206/http://www.rferl.org/content/NaturalGas_Producers_Meeting_In_Moscow_To_Finalize_Forum/1362739.html
|dead-url = no
}}</ref>

Beberapa negara penghasil utama ([[Kanada]], [[Amerika Serikat]], dan beberapa anggota [[Uni Eropa]]) gas tidak menjadi anggota GECF.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2180rank.html Rank Order - Natural gas - production] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921064904/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2180rank.html |date=2012-09-21 }}, CIA Factbook, 2007 estimates</ref>

Keanggotaan penuh harus disetujui minimal tiga per empat keseluruhan anggota.<ref name=xinhua/>

<!-- ==Gas OPEC==
[[Berkas:GasOPEC.PNG|thumb]]
Since the establishment of the GECF in 2001, there has always been speculation, particularly in Europe, that some of the world's largest producers of natural gas, in particular Russia and Iran, intend to create a gas cartel equivalent to [[OPEC]] which would set quotas and prices. The idea of a gas OPEC was first floated by then Russian President Vladimir Putin and backed by Kazakh President [[Nursultan Nazarbaev]] in 2002. In May 2006 [[Gazprom]] deputy chairman [[Alexander Medvedev]] threatened that Russia would create "an alliance of gas suppliers that will be more influential than OPEC" if Russia did not get its way in energy negotiations with Europe.<ref name=rferl>
{{cite news
 | url = http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1070561.html
 | title = Russia: Algeria Deal Revives Talk Of Gas Cartel
 | author = Roman Kupchinsky
 | publisher = RFE/RL
 | date = 2006-08-14
 | accessdate = 2008-12-23}}
</ref> Iranian officials have explicitly expressed strong support for a gas cartel and held official talks with Russia.<ref name=cnn>
{{cite news
 | url = http://money.cnn.com/2007/02/02/news/international/natural_gas/index.htm?
 | title = Russia, Iran in talks to create natural gas organization
 | publisher = CNN
 | date = 2007-02-02
 | accessdate = 2008-12-23}}
</ref><ref name=cnn>
{{cite news
 | url = http://money.cnn.com/2007/02/02/news/international/natural_gas/index.htm?
 | title = Russia, Iran in talks to create natural gas organization
 | publisher = CNN
 | date = 2007-02-02
 | accessdate = 2008-12-23}}
</ref> Cartel speculation was again raised when the ministers met on 9 April 2007.<ref name=bbc2>
{{cite news
 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6538127.stm
 | title = Gas producers 'to discuss cartel'
 | publisher = [[BBC]]
 | date = 2007-04-09
 | accessdate = 2007-04-10}}
</ref><ref name = reuters1/> The 6th Ministerial Meeting of the GECF established an expert group, chaired by Russia, to study how to strengthen the GECF. According to the Algerian Energy and Mines Minister [[Chakib Khelil]], this mean that in the long term the GECF will move toward becoming a gas OPEC.<ref name = reuters1>
{{cite news
 | url = http://www.reuters.com/article/businessNews/idUSL0920522920070409
 | title = Gas club seeks more clout, but not yet an OPEC
 | author = Barbara Lewis, Simon Webb
 | publisher = [[Reuters]]
 | date = 2007-04-09
 | accessdate = 2007-04-09}}
</ref>
 -->
== Lihat juga ==
{{Portal|Energi}}
*[[Keamanan energi]]
*[[Negara adikuasa energi]]
*[[Forum Negara Pengekspor Petrokimia]]

== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.gecf.org/ GECF.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721132825/https://www.gecf.org/ |date=2023-07-21 }}
* [http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=171:gas-exporting-countries-forum-the-russian-iranian-gas-cartel&catid=90:energysecuritydecember08&Itemid=334 Gas Exporting Countries Forum: The Russian-Iranian Gas Cartel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111014412/http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=171:gas-exporting-countries-forum-the-russian-iranian-gas-cartel&catid=90:energysecuritydecember08&Itemid=334 |date=2011-11-11 }}

{{Authority control}}

== Catatan kaki ==

{{reflist}}

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[[Kategori:Ekonomi dunia]]