Lihat sumber Ar-Ram

'''A-Ram'' ' atau '''al-Ramm'' ' ({{lang-ar| <big> الرّام</big>}};) adalah [[Wilayah|Palestina]] kota yang terletak di timur laut [[Yerusalem]], tepat di luar kota perbatasan municipal. Desa adalah bagian dari wilayah perkotaan built-up [[Yerusalem]], dan zona industri [[Atarot]] [[Beit Hanina]] kebohongan ke Barat, dan [[Neve Yakub]] berbatasan di Selatan. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.btselem.org/separation_barrier/a-ram |title=The Separation Barrier surrounding a-Ram |date=January 1, 2014 |publisher=Btselem |accessdate=18 January 2014}}</ref> with a built-up area of 3,289 [[dunam|dunums]]. According to the [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]], a-Ram had a population of 25,595 in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/populati/pop08.aspx|title=Projected Mid -Year Population for Jerusalem Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006|work=[[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]]|accessdate=January 9, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207052201/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/populati/pop08.aspx|archivedate=February 7, 2012<!--DASHBot-->|deadurl=yes}}</ref> The head of a-Ram village council estimates that 58,000 people live there, more than half of them holding [[Israel]]i identity cards.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.palestine-pmc.com/details.asp?cat=3&id=568|title=Israel’s Apartheid Wall Surrounding a-Ram|date=June 27, 2005|work=[[B'Tselem]]|publisher=Palestine Media Center|accessdate=January 9, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927024250/http://www.palestine-pmc.com/details.asp?cat=3&id=568|archivedate=September 27, 2011<!--DASHBot-->|deadurl=yes}}</ref>

{{Infobox Palestinian Authority municipality
|name=Ar-Ram
|image=Palestin7.JPG
|caption=Ar-Ram 
|arname=الرّام
|meaning="The Hill"/"Stagnant water"<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. [http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/324/mode/1up 324]</ref>
|founded=
|type=munb
|typefrom=
|altOffSp=al-Ramm
|altUnoSp=al-Ram
|governorate=jl
|latd=31|latm=51|lats=12.35|latNS=N
|longd=35 |longm=14|longs=00.12|longEW=E
|palgrid=172/140
|population=25,595
|popyear=2006
|area=3,289
|areakm=3.3
|mayor=
}}

== Sejarah ==
Dalam [[Tentara Salib negara|Crusader]], Al-Ram bernama '' Aram, Haram, Rama, Ramatha, Ramitta,'' atau '' Ramathes''. <ref name=Pringle179>Pringle, 1998, p. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC&lpg=PA1987&pg=RA1-PA179#v=onepage&q=&f=false 179]</ref>

Al-Ram adalah salah satu dari 21 desa yang diberikan oleh raja [[Godfrey dari Bouillon|Godfrey]] sebagai [[perdikan]] untuk [[Gereja Makam Suci]] <ref name=SWP11> Conder dan Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. [http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/11/mode/1up 11]</ref> <ref>de Roziére, 1849, ms. [http://archive.org/stream/cartulairedelgl00jergoog#page/n273/mode/1up 263]: '' Haram'', dikutip dalam Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. [http://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n24/mode/1up 16]-17, No 74</ref>

Semua penduduk desa yang disebutkan dalam sumber-sumber Tentara Salib antara 1152 dan 1160 memiliki nama yang berarti mereka adalah Kristen. <ref>Röhricht, 1893, RRH, ms. 70 - [http://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n77/mode/1up 71], No 278; [http://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n98/mode/1up 92], ms. No 353</ref> <ref name=Pringle180> Pringle, 1998, mukasurat [http://books.google.ca/books?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC&lpg=PA1987&pg=RA1-PA180#v=onepage&q=&f=false 180]</ref>

== Kota Saudara ==
* {{flagicon|Serbia}} '''[[Zemun]]''', [[Serbia]]
* {{flagicon|France}} '''[[Bondy]]''', [[France]] - in progress since 2010.

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Bibliografi ==
{{commonscat}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|editor =Barron,  J. B.|title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922|url=http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/PalestineCensus1922.pdf|publisher = Government of Palestine|year = 1923}}
* {{cite journal | author = Conder, C. R.| authorlink=Claude Reignier Conder| title = Lieutenant Conder´s reports | journal = Quarterly statement - Palestine Exploration Fund | volume = 13 | pages = 158–208 | url = http://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme13pale | year = 1881}}
* {{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=Claude Reignier|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H. H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1883|url=http://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp03conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=3}}
* {{cite book|last=Guérin|first=Victor|authorlink=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique  Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=http://archive.org/details/descriptionsam01gu|volume=2: Samarie,  pt. 1|year=1874|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}}
* {{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first1=Sami|last1=Hadawi|authorlink=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
* {{cite book|last1= Hütteroth|first1=Wolf-Dieter|first2=Kamal|last2=Abdulfattah|title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century|year = 1977|publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|ISBN= 3-920405-41-2}}
* {{cite book|editor = Mills, E.|title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas|url=http://ia701204.us.archive.org/15/items/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas/PalestineCensus1931.pdf|publisher = Government of Palestine|location = Jerusalem|year = 1932}}
* {{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E. H.|authorlink=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=http://www.archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}}
* {{cite journal | author = Pringle, D.| title = Two Medieval Villages North of Jerusalem: Archaeological Investigations in [[Al-Jib]] and Ar-Ram| journal = [[Council for British Research in the Levant|Levant]]| volume = 15 | pages = 141-177, pls.xvi-xxiia | year = 1983}}
* {{cite book|title= Secular buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: an archaeological Gazetter|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC|first1=Denys|last1=Pringle|year=1997|ISBN=0521 46010 7|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}
* {{cite book|title= The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: L-Z (exluding Tyre)|volume=II  |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC|first=Denys|last=Pringle|year=1998|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|ISBN=0 521 39037 0}}
* {{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=Edward|authorlink1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=Eli|authorlink2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=http://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog|title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=2}} ( pp. [http://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc00smitgoog#page/n130/mode/1up 108], [http://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc00smitgoog#page/n136/mode/1up 114], [http://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc00smitgoog#page/n163/mode/1up 141])
* {{cite book|last=Röhricht|first=Reinhold|authorlink=Reinhold Röhricht|title= (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI)|url=http://archive.org/details/regestaregnihie00rhgoog|year=1893|publisher=Libraria Academica Wageriana|location=Berlin|language=Latin}} (Index: p. [http://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n497/mode/1up 491]: Aram (Haram), p. [http://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n510/mode/1up 504]: Rama, Ramatha )
* {{cite book|last=Röhricht|first=Reinhold|authorlink=Reinhold Röhricht|title= (RRH Ad) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani Additamentum|url=http://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n530/mode/2up|year=1904|publisher=Libraria Academica Wageriana|location=Berlin|language=Latin}} (Index: p. [http://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n661/mode/1up 129]: Aram #74; p. [http://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n666/mode/1up 134]: er Ram #74; Rama #30a; (Rame? #512)
* {{cite book|editor=de Roziére|title=Cartulaire de l'église du Saint Sépulchre de Jérusalem: publié d'après les manuscrits du Vatican|url=http://archive.org/details/cartulairedelgl00jergoog|year=1849|publisher=Imprimerie nationale|location=Paris|language=Latin, French}}
* {{cite journal|last=Toledano |first=E. |title=The Sanjaq of Jerusalem in the Sixteenth Century: Aspects of Topography and Population |journal =Archivum Ottomanicum|volume=9|pages=279–319 |date=1984}}
* Wilson, Charles Williams, ed. (1881, 1884): ''[http://www.archive.org/details/picturesquepales01wilsuoft Picturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egypt]''. '''vol 1''' of 4.
{{refend}}

== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/al_Ram_2089/index.html Welcome To al-Ram]
* Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8379 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.17.jpg Wikimedia commons]
* [http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/factsheet/Ar%20Ram_EN.pdf Al-Ram Town (Fact Sheet)], ARIJ
* [http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/Ar%20Ram_EN.pdf Ar Ram Town Profile], ARIJ
* [http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/images/english/Ar%20Ram_ap_en.jpg Ar Ram Areal photo], ARIJ
* {{cite web |url=http://www.poica.org/editor/case_studies/view.php?recordID=547 |title=Another Palestinian Ghetto in East Jerusalem: Israel Closes the Segregation Wall in Al Ram |publisher=[[Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem]] |date=21 March 2005}}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/idf-closes-off-central-palestinian-town-to-vehicles-1.423647|title=IDF closes off central Palestinian town to vehicles|author=Oz Rosenberg|date=11 April 2012|work=[[Haaretz]]}}

{{Kota di Otoritas Palestina}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ram, ar}}
[[Kategori:Kota di Tepi Barat]]