Lihat sumber Populisme sayap kanan

'''Populisme sayap kanan''' adalah [[ideologi]]<nowiki/>politik yang menolak [[konsensus]] politik saat ini dan sering menggabungkan [[etnosentrisme]], dan [[Anti-elitism|anti-elitisme]]. Ideologi ini dianggap [[Populism|populisme]] karena daya tariknya untuk "orang biasa" sebagai lawan elit.{{Disputed inline|Talk page section|date=June 2017|reason=If appealing to the common man is populism, then every movement is populist. What makes a movement populist is idealizing or celebrating the common man as better than the elites. For example, you could appeal to the common man by saying that the elites are best placed to serve the interests of the common man, but this would not be a populist message.}}<ref>Betz and Immerfall, pp. 4–5</ref> Di Eropa, sayap kanan populisme adalah sebuah ungkapan yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan kelompok, politisi, dan partai-partai politik yang umumnya dikenal [[Opposition to immigration|menentang imigrasi]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://theconversation.com/the-metapolitical-long-game-of-the-european-new-right-75078|title=The metapolitical long game of the European New Right|last=Sharpe|first=Matthew|work=The Conversation|language=en|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> sebagian besar dari [[Dunia Muslim|dunia Islam]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-the-geert-wilders-effect-20170313-story.html|title=The Geert Wilders Effect and the national election in the Netherlands|last=Traub|first=James|work=chicagotribune.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> dan dalam kebanyakan kasus, [[Euroscepticism|Euroskeptisme]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/10/opinion/sunday/how-the-dutch-stopped-being-decent-and-dull.html|title=How the Dutch Stopped Being Decent and Dull|last=Buruma|first=Ian|date=2017-03-10|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> Populisme sayap kanan di [[dunia Barat]] pada umumnya, tetapi tidak secara eksklusif, terkait dengan ideologi-ideologi seperti [[New Nationalism (21st century)|Nasionalisme Baru]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.libertylawsite.org/2016/12/08/the-new-nationalism/|title=The New Nationalism|date=2016-12-08|website=Online Library of Law & Liberty|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/09/world/europe/a-central-conflict-of-21st-century-politics-who-belongs.html|title=A Central Conflict of 21st-Century Politics: Who Belongs?|last=Taub|first=Amanda|date=2016-07-08|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> [[Gerakan anti-globalisasi|antiglobalisasi]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://wuwm.com/post/rise-right-wing-nationalist-political-parties-europe#stream/0|title=The Rise of Right-Wing Nationalist Political Parties in Europe|last=North|first=Bonnie|language=en|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> [[Nativism (politics)|nativisme]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/fear-of-diversity-made-people-more-likely-to-vote-trump/|title=Fear of Diversity Made People More Likely to Vote Trump|work=The Nation|issn=0027-8378|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/the-political-lexicon-of-a-billionaire-populist/2017/03/09/4d4c2686-ff86-11e6-8f41-ea6ed597e4ca_story.html|title=The political lexicon of a billionaire populist|website=Washington Post|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> [[proteksionisme]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/03/the-end-of-reaganism-214853|title=The End of Reaganism|work=POLITICO Magazine|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> dan [[Opposition to immigration|perlawanan terhadap imigrasi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fesdc.org/fileadmin/user_upload/publications/RightwingPopulism.pdf|title=The Rise of Right-wing Populism in Europe and the United States|last=Greven|first=Thomas|date=May 2016|website=Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

Selain pandangan [[sayap kanan]] tradisional seperti perlawanan terhadap peningkatan dukungan untuk [[negara kesejahteraan]] dan "lebih mewah, tapi juga lebih ketat, pengeluaran sosial domestik", skema ini juga dijelaskan di bawah populisme sayap kanan dan kadang-kadang disebut "[[Welfare chauvinism|chauvinisme kesejahteraan]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/17/opinion/the-rise-of-welfare-chauvinism.html?_r=0|title=The Rise of ‘Welfare Chauvinism’|date=16 December 2014|last1=Edsall|first1=Thomas|website=New York Times|accessdate=4 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/the-european-far-right-actually-right-or-left-or-something-altogether-different-6796|title=The European far right: actually right? Or left? Or something altogether different?|date=4 May 2012|website=The Conversation|last1=Rippon|first1=Haydn|accessdate=4 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-11-20/the-far-left-economics-of-frances-far-right|title=The Far-Left Economics of France's Far Right|date=20 November 2013|website=Business Week|last1=Matlack|first1=Carol|accessdate=4 January 2015}}</ref>

Sejak [[1990-an]] partai-partai beraliran populisme sayap kanan didirikan di badan-badan legislatif bermacam-macam demokrasi, termasuk [[Australia]], [[Kanada]], [[Perancis]], [[Belgia]], [[Denmark]], [[Swedia]], [[Estonia]], [[Rumania|Romania]], [[Brasil]], dan [[Chili]] dan mereka memasuki [[pemerintahan koalisi]] di [[Swiss|Switss]], [[Austria]], [[Finlandia]], [[Yunani]], [[Slowakia]], [[Lituania|Lithuania]], [[Latvia]], [[Belanda]], [[Selandia Baru]], [[Italia]],{{Sfn|Norris|2005}} dan [[Israel]] dan mayoritas pemerintah di [[India]], [[Turki]], [[Hongaria|Hungaria]], dan [[Polandia]]. Meskipun gerakam sayap kanan ekstrem di [[Amerika Serikat]] telah dipelajari secara terpisah, di mana mereka biasanya disebut "[[Radical right (United States)|kanan radikal]]", beberapa penulis memandang mereka sebagai sebuah bagian dalam fenomena sama.{{Sfn|Kaplan|Weinberg|1998}} Populisme sayap kanan di Amerika Serikat juga berhubungan dekat dengan [[Paleoconservatism|paleokonservatisme.]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2015/08/26/the-trump-phenomenon-and-the-european-populist-radical-right/|title=The Trump phenomenon and the European populist radical right|website=Washington Post|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> Populisme sayap kanan berbeda dari [[konservatisme]], tapi beberapa partai populisme sayap kanan berakar dari partai politik konservatif.{{Sfn|Kaplan|Weinberg|1998}} Partai populisme lainnya berhubungan dengan gerakan [[Fasisme|fasis]] yang ada kerika [[periode antarperang]] ketika fasisme [[Fasisme Italia|Italia]], [[Nazisme|Jerman]], [[Partai Salib Panah|Hungaria]], [[Spanish fascism|Spanyol]], dan [[Japanese fascism|Jepang]] bangkit berkuasa.

Sejak awal 2010-an, gerakan populisme sayap kanan seperti [[Barisan Nasional (Perancis)|Barisan Nasional]] di Perancis, [[Lega Nord|Liga Utara]] di Italia, [[Party for Freedom|Partai untuk Kebebasan]] di Belanda, dan [[UK Independence Party|Partai Kemerdekaan BR]] mulali bertumbuh populer.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/the-map-which-shows-how-ukip-support-is-growing-in-every-constituency-but-two-10252267.html|title=The map which shows how Ukip support is growing in every constituency but two|date=2015-05-15|work=The Independent|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-21614073|title=UKIP: The story of the UK Independence Party's rise|last=Hunt|first=Alex|date=2014-11-21|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> Di belahan besar karena bertumbuhnya perlawanan terhadap imigrasi dari [[Timur Tengah]] dan [[Afrika]], kebangkitan euroskeptisme dan ketidakpuasan dengan kebijakan ekonomi [[Uni Eropa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2016/12/02/europe-right-wing-nationalism-populist-revolt-trump-putin-524119.html|title=Why Europe's populist revolt is spreading|last=Lowe|first=Josh|last2=Matthews|first2=Owen|date=2016-11-23|website=Newsweek|access-date=2017-03-24|last3=AM|first3=Matt McAllester On 11/23/16 at 9:02}}</ref> Pandangan Politik 2016 President [[Donald Trump]] telah diringkas oleh para cendekiawan sebagai populisme sayap kanan<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/donald-trump-working-class-voters-219231|title=Trump's 6 populist positions|work=POLITICO|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> dan nasionalist.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-ends-election-2016-the-way-he-started-it-1478587823|title=Donald Trump Ends Election 2016 the Way He Started It|last=Reinhard|first=Beth|date=2016-11-08|work=Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-nationalism-racism-make-america-great-again-521083|title=How Donald Trump’s nationalism won over white Americans|date=2016-11-15|work=Newsweek|language=en|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref>

== Pengertian ==
Pengolompokan populisme sayap kanan menjadi satu [[Left–right politics#Political parties in the political spectrum|keluarga politik]] telah terbukti sulit dan hal ini tidak diyakinkan apakah bermakna kategori yang ada atau hanya sekelompok kategor, karena pihak-pihak yang berbeda dalam ideologi, organisasi, dan kepemimpinan retorika. Juga, tidak seperti partai tradisional, mereka tidak termasuk organisasi internasional yang berpikiran sama dan mereka tidak menggunakan istilah yang sama untuk menggambarkan diri mereka.{{Sfn|Norris|2005}} Satu kesamaan adalah bahwa meskipun mereka lebih sayap kanan dari partai politik lainnya di [[Left–right politics|sumbu kiri–kanan]].{{Sfn|Ware|1996}}

Cendekiawan menggunakan istilah yang tidak konsisten, kadang-kadang mengacu pada populisme sayap kanan sebagai "[[Radical right (disambiguation)|sayap kanan]]"{{Sfn|Kaplan|Weinberg|1998}} atau istilah-istilah lain seperti [[New Nationalism (21st century)|Nasionalisme Baru]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/2016/06/25/483400958/from-brexit-to-trump-nationalist-movements-gain-momentum-around-world|title=From 'Brexit' To Trump, Nationalist Movements Gain Momentum Around World|website=NPR.org|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> [[Pippa Norris]] mencatat bahwa "karya referensi standar menggunakan alternatif tipologi dan beragam label mengkategorikan pihak sebagai kanan '[[Far-right politics|jauh]]' atau 'ekstrem', '[[New right|kanan baru]]', '[[Opposition to immigration|antiimigran]]' atau '[[Neo-fasisme|neofasisme]]', '[[Antiestablishmentarianism|antipembentukan]]', '[[National populist|populis nasional]]', 'protes', 'suku', '[[Otoritarianisme|otoriter]]', '[[Anti-statism|antipemerintah]]', 'antipartai', '[[Ultranationalist|ultranasionalis]]', atau '[[Neoliberalisme|neoliberal]]', '[[Libertarianisme|liberal]]', dan sebagainya".{{Sfn|Norris|2005}}

== Partai politik populis sayap kanan ==

=== Partai-partai populis sayap kanan atau partai-partai dengan fraksi populis sayap kanan ===

==== Mewakili di badan legislatif nasional ====
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*{{flag|Australia}} –  [[Partai Liberal Australia]] (fraksi),<ref>{{cite book|title=The Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right in France and Australia|first=Aurelien|last=Mondon|year=2016|publisher=Routledge}}</ref> [[Satu Bangsa Pauline Hanson]],<ref name="aus"/>[[Partai Australia Katter]]<ref name="aus">{{cite web|work=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]|url=http://theconversation.com/the-mice-that-may-yet-roar-who-are-the-minor-right-wing-parties-17305|date=28 August 2013|title=The mice that may yet roar: who are the minor right-wing parties?}}</ref>
*{{flag|Austria}} – [[Partai Kemerdekaan Austria]],<ref name="Bieling2015">{{cite book|author=Hans-Jürgen Bieling|chapter=Uneven development and 'European crisis constitutionalism', or the reasons for and conditions of a 'passive revolution in trouble'|editor1=Johannes Jäger|editor2=Elisabeth Springler|title=Asymmetric Crisis in Europe and Possible Futures: Critical Political Economy and Post-Keynesian Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JJsGCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA110|year=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-65298-4|page=110}}</ref> [[Team Stronach]]<ref name="Micklin2015">{{cite book|author=Eric Micklin|chapter=The Austrian Parliament and EU Affairs: Gradually Living Up to its Legal Potential|editor1=Claudia Hefftler|editor2=Christine Neuhold|editor3=Olivier Rosenberg|display-editors = 3 |editor4=Julie Smith|title=The Palgrave Handbook of National Parliaments and the European Union|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DqyYBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA389|year=2015|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-28913-1|page=389}}</ref>
*{{flag|Belarus}} – [[Partai Demokrat Liberal (Belarus)|Partai Demokrat Liberal]]
*{{flag|Belgia}} – [[Vlaams Belang]],<ref name="StarkeKaasch2013">{{cite book|author1=Peter Starke|author2=Alexandra Kaasch|author3=Franca Van Hooren|title=The Welfare State as Crisis Manager: Explaining the Diversity of Policy Responses to Economic Crisis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BtMQsESYcWwC&pg=PA193|year=2013|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-31484-0|page=193}}</ref> [[Partai Rakyat (Belgium)|Partai Rakyat]],<ref>{{Cite book |first=Teun |last=Pauwels |title=Belgium: Decline of National Populism? |work=Exposing the Demagogues: Right-wing and National Populist Parties in Europe |publisher=Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, CES |year=2013 |page=85}}</ref>
*{{flag|Brasil}} – [[Partai Kristen Sosial (Brasil)|Partai Kristen Sosial]]
*{{flag|Bulgaria}} – [[Uni Patriot]] ([[Barisan Nasional untuk Keselamatan Bulgaria]], [[IMRO – Gerakan Nasional Bulgaria]],<ref>Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Dimitar Bechev, Scarecrow Press, 2009, {{ISBN|0810862956}}, p. 104.</ref> [[Attack (political party)|Attack]]<ref name="Magone">{{Cite book |first1=Ruzha |last1=Smilova |first2=Daniel |last2=Smilov |first3=Georgi |last3=Ganev |title=Democracy and the Media in Bulgaria: Who Represents the People? |work=Understanding Media Policies: A European Perspective |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2012 |pages=48–49}}</ref>)
*{{flag|Kanada}} - [[Partai Konservatif Kanada|Partai Konservatif]] (fraksi)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/how-kellie-leitch-touched-off-a-culture-war/|title=How Kellie Leitch touched off a culture war - Macleans.ca|date=23 September 2016|work=macleans.ca|accessdate=21 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Groundswell of right-wing populism will test our Canadian resolve, readers say|url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/letters_to_the_editors/2016/11/26/groundswell-of-right-wing-populism-will-test-our-canadian-resolve-readers-say.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The popular comeback of populist politics|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2016/12/08/the-popular-comeback-of-populist-politics}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kellie Leitch latches on to Trump victory|url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/kellie-leitch-latches-on-to-trump-victory/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Conservative Party Of Canada Is Ripe For A Populist Takeover - Kellie Leitch stands out in a crowd of conventional conservatives|url=http://www.themanitoban.com/2016/11/the-conservative-party-of-canada-is-ripe-for-a-populist-takeover/30017/}}</ref>
*{{flag|Kroasia}} – [[Aliansi Demokrat Kroasia dari Slavonia dan Baranja]], [[Partai Konservatif Kroasia]], [[Uni Demokrat Kroasia]]<ref name="Haaretz">{{cite web|work=[[Haaretz]]|url=http://www.haaretz.com/misc/haaretzcomsmartphoneapp/1.721292|title=After Loss in Austria, a Look at Europe's Right-wing Parties|date=May 24, 2016}}</ref>
*{{flag|Siprus}} – [[ELAM (Siprus)|ELAM]],<ref name="Haaretz"/> 
*{{flag|Ceko}} – [[Fajar - Koalisi Nasional]],<ref name = "economistp">{{Citation |url=http://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2013/10/czech-elections |title=Czech elections: An angry electorate |newspaper=The Economist |date=25 October 2013}}</ref> [[Freedom and Direct Democracy]]
*{{flag|Denmark}} – [[Partai Rakyat Denmark]]<ref name="Zeit"/><ref name="Bieling2015"/><ref name="CaramaniMény2005">{{cite book|author1=Daniele Caramani|author2=Yves Mény|title=Challenges to Consensual Politics: Democracy, Identity, and Populist Protest in the Alpine Region|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rwofe0Zg8MQC&pg=PA151|year=2005|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-90-5201-250-6|page=151}}</ref>
*{{flag|Estonia}} – [[Partai Rakyat Konservatif Estonia]]<ref>{{cite web|work=[[openDemocracy]]|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/can-europe-make-it/vassilis-petsinis/contentious-politics-in-baltics-new-wave-of-right-wing-populism|title=Contentious politics in the Baltics: the ‘new’ wave of right-wing populism in Estonia|date=28 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="Zeit"/>
*{{flag|Uni Eropa}} – [[Gerukan untuk sebuah Bangsa dan Kebebasan Eropa]], [[Aliansi Eropa untuk Kebebasan]], [[Aliansi untuk Demokrasi Langsung di Eropa]], [[Aliansi Konservatif dan Reformis di Eropa]] (fraksi)
*{{flag|Finlandia}} – [[Partai Finn]]<ref name="Bieling2015"/><ref name="Zeit"/>
*{{flag|Peranis}} – [[Barisan Nasional (France)|Barisan Nasional]],<ref name="Bieling2015"/><ref name="CaramaniMény2005"/> [[Perancis Bangkit]], [[Partai Republik (Perancis)|Partai Republik]] (fraksi)
*{{flag|Georgia}} – [[Aliansi Patriot Georgia]]
*{{flag|Jerman}} – [[Alternatif untuk Jerman]]<ref name="Zeit"/><ref name="Bieling2015"/>
*{{flag|Yunani}} – [[Fajar Emas (partai politik)|Fajar Emas]],<ref name="euroscrepticism5">[https://eu.boell.org/sites/default/files/greek_right_wing_populist_parties_and_euroscepticism.pdf Antonis Galanopoulos: Greek right-wing populist parties and Euroscepticism](PDF), p.2 "Golden Dawn is also Eurosceptical and it is opposing Greece's participation in the European Union and the Eurozone"</ref> [[Independent Greeks]]<ref name="Zeit"/><ref name="Stefanova2014"/> 
*{{flag|Hong Kong}}  - [[Gairah Kewarganegaraan]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/27/world/asia/pro-democracy-movements-vote-in-hong-kong-abruptly-called-off.html?_r=0|title=Pro-Democracy Movement’s Vote in Hong Kong Abruptly Called Off|date=26 October 2014|work=New York Times|first1=Chris|last1=Buckley|first2=Alan|last2=Wong}}</ref>
*{{flag|Hungaria}} – [[Fidesz]],<ref name="Bieling2015"/> [[Jobbik]]<ref name="Zeit"/><ref>{{cite book |last=Betz |first=Hans-Georg |title=Radical Right-Wing Populism in Western Europe (The New Politics of Resentment) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwTTwbtNyxUC&dq=Explaining+the+Emergence+of+Radical+Right-Wing+Populist+Parties:&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s |publisher=[[Palgrave MacMillan]] |year=1994 |isbn=0-312-08390-4 |page=4 |quote=the majority of radical right-wing populist parties are radical in their rejection of the established socio-cultural and socio-political system}}</ref>

*{{flag|India}} – [[Partai Bharatiya Janata]],<ref name="Wodak 2013 23">{{cite book|first=Ruth|last=Wodak|title=Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse|publisher=A&C Black|year=2013|page=23}}</ref> [[Shiv Sena]]<ref>{{Cite book|year=2010|first=Gyan|last=Prakash|title=Mumbai Fables|publisher=Princeton University Press|page=9}}</ref>
*{{flag|Italia}} – [[Lega Nord]],<ref name="Bieling2015"/><ref name="RuzzaFella2009">{{cite book|author1=Carlo Ruzza|author2=Stefano Fella|title=Re-inventing the Italian Right: Territorial Politics, Populism and 'post-fascism'|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6CjdfEXpPUC&pg=PA44|year=2009|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-28634-8|pages=43–44}}</ref> [[Saudara Italia]], [[Kita dengan Salvini]], [[Gerakan Lima Bintang]] (fraksi), [[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]] (fraksi)<ref name="Zeit"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2016|first=Kristina|last=Liang|page=187}}</ref>
*{{flag|Israel}} – [[Yisrael Beiteinu]],<ref name="ukisrael">{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-1.728296|date=3 July 2016|title=Right-wing Populism Wins in Britain and Israel|work=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref> [[Rumah Yahudi]], [[Likud]] (fraksi)<ref name="ukisrael"/>
*{{flag|Jepang}} – [[Partai Demokrat Liberal (Jepang)|Partai Demokrat Liberal]] (fraksi)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Bilateral Legacies in East and Southeast Asia|last=Ganesan|page=67|year=2015|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies}}</ref>
*{{flag|Kenya}} – [[Aliansi Nasional]]
*{{flag|Latvia}} – [[Aliansi Nasional (Latvia)|Aliansi Nasional]]<ref name="AuersKase">{{Citation |author1=Auers |author2=Kasekamp |title=Comparing Radical-Right Populism in Estonia and Latvia |pages=235–236}}</ref><ref name="Zeit"/>
*{{flag|Liechtenstein}} – [[Merdeka (Liechtenstein)|Merdeka]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Liechtenstein Populist Party Gains Ground in Parliamentary Elections | url=http://dw.com/p/2X1T9 | date=5 Februari 2017 | publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] | accessdate=February 5, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Politico2017">{{cite news|last1=Stefanini|first1=Sara|title=Liechtenstein’s Populists Gain Ground|url=http://www.politico.eu/article/liechtensteins-populists-gain-ground/|date=5 February 2017|publisher=[[Politico]]|accessdate=5 February 2017}}</ref>
*{{flag|Lithuania}} – [[Urutan dan Keadilan]]<ref name="Zeit"/><ref>{{Citation |first=Ilze |last=Balcere |title=Comparing Populist Political Parties in the Baltic States and Western Europe |publisher=European Consortium for Political Research |year=2011 |url=http://www.ecprnet.eu/MyECPR/proposals/reykjavik/uploads/papers/1071.pdf |pages=5–6}}</ref>
*{{flag|Luksemburg}} – [[Partai Reformasi Demokrat Alternatif]]<ref>{{cite journal|page=55|title=Doing Identity in Luxembourg|publisher=Transaction Publishers|year=2014|last=Verlag|first=Bielefeld}}</ref>
*{{flag|Mozambik}} – [[Perlawanan Nasional Mozambik]]
*{{flag|Belanda}} – [[Partai untuk Kemerdekaan]]<ref name="StarkeKaasch2013"/>
*{{flag|Selandia Baru}} – [[Selandia Baru Pertama]]<ref name="Wodak 2013 23"/>
*{{flag|Norwegia}} – [[Partai Kemajuan (Norwegia)|Partai Kemajuan]]<ref name="Nordsieck">{{cite web|author=Wolfram Nordsieck|title=Parties and Elections in Europe: Norway|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/norway.html|publisher=Parties and Elections in Europe|website=www.parties-and-elections.eu|date=2013}}</ref>
*{{flag|Filipina}} – [[Partai Nacionalista]]
*{{flag|Polandia}} – [[Hukum dan Keadilan]],<ref name="Zeit">{{cite web|url=http://www.zeit.de/feature/populismus-extremismus-europa|title=Populismus oder Extremismus? – Radikale Parteien in Europa|first=Robert|last=Pausch|date=4 February 2015|publisher=|accessdate=28 April 2017|via=Die Zeit}}</ref>  [[Kongres Kanan Baru]]<ref name="BPB">{{cite web|url=https://www.bpb.de/politik/extremismus/rechtspopulismus/242635/europakarte|title=Rechtspopulistische und rechtsextreme Parteien in Europa|date=December 2016|publisher=Federal Agency for Civic Education}}</ref>
*{{flag|Rusia}} – [[Partai Demokrat Liberal Rusia]]<ref name="Nordsieck">{{cite web|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/russia.html|title=Parties and Elections in Europe|author=Wolfram Nordsieck|publisher=|accessdate=16 March 2015}}</ref>
*{{flag|Serbia}} – [[Partai Radikal Serbia]],<ref name="Wolfram Nordsieck">{{cite web|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/serbia.html|title=Wolfram Nordsieck, Parties and Elections in Europe|accessdate=11 Desember 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |first1=Ruth |last1=Wodak |first2=Brigitte |last2=Mral |title=Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse |publisher=A&C Black |year=2013 |page=19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cepsr.com/dwnld/stojarovavykoupilova2008020302.pdf|title=Populism in the Balkans. The Case of Serbia|accessdate=24 January 2017}}</ref> [[Partai Kemajuan Serbia]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/ap/article-3606719/After-Austria-election-look-Europe-right-wing-parties.html|title=After Austria election, a look at Europe right wing parties|accessdate=24 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.portal.santandertrade.com/analyse-markets/serbia/political-outline?actualiser_id_banque=oui&id_banque=7|title=Serbian political outline|accessdate=April 28, 2017}}</ref> [[Dveri]]
*{{flag|Slowakia}} – [[Partai Nasional Slowakia]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Wolfram Nordsieck |url=http://www.parties-and-elections.de/slovakia.html |title=Parties and elections|work=Parties-and-elections.de |accessdate=10 January 2011}}</ref> [[Kotleba – Partai Rakyat Slowakia Kita]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://is.muni.cz/th/363599/fss_m/Retiova_thesis.txt|title=A Hero Is Coming! The master narrative of Marián Kotleba in the Slovak regional election of 2013|author=Alica Rétiová|publisher=[[Ubniversitas Masaryk]]|accessdate=April 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://intersections.tk.mta.hu/index.php/intersections/article/view/35/pdf_2 |title=A right-wing extremist or people’s protector? Media coverage of extreme right leader Marian Kotleba in 2013 regional elections in Slovakia &#124; Kluknavská &#124; Intersections. East European Journal of Society and Politics |publisher=Intersections.tk.mta.hu |date= |accessdate=2016-12-09}}</ref> [[Kita Adalah Keluarga (Slowakia)|Kita Adalah Keluarga]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://derstandard.at/2000032496969/Slowakei-Rechte-wollen-Fico-verhindern|title=Slowakei: Rechte wollen Fico verhindern|work=[[Der Standard]]|language=German|accessdate=28 April 2017}}</ref>
*{{flag|Swedia}} – [[Demokrat Swedia]]<ref name="Bieling2015"/><ref name="Zeit"/>
*{{flag|Swiss}} – [[Partai Rakyat Swiss]]<ref>{{Citation |first=Oskar |last=Mazzoleni |title=The Swiss People's Party and the Foreign and Security Policy Since the 1990s |work=Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right |publisher=Ashgate |year=2007 |page=223 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jXR5GzqvmyYC&pg=PA223}}</ref>
*{{flag|Turki}} – [[Partai Keadilan dan Pembangunan (Turki)|Partai Keadilan dan Pembangunan]] (fraksi),<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Kurdish Question in Turkey|publisher=Routledge|first=Cengiz|last=Gunes|year=2013|page=270}}</ref> [[Partai Gerakan Nasionalis]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Abadan-Unat|first1=Nermin|title=Turks in Europe: From Guest Worker to Transnational Citizen|date=2011|publisher=Berghahn Books|location=New York|isbn=9781845454258|page=19|quote=...the fascist Nationalist Movement Party...}}</ref>
*{{flag|Ukraina}} – [[Svoboda (partai politik)|Svoboda]]<ref name="Kuzio 2010 6, 15">{{citation|first=Taras |last=Kuzio |title=Populism in Ukraine in a Comparative European Context |journal=Problems of Post-Communism|volume=57 |number=6|date=November–December 2010|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|url=http://commonweb.unifr.ch/artsdean/pub/gestens/f/as/files/4760/25737_184750.pdf|accessdate=16 October 2012|quote=Anti-Semitism only permeates Ukraine’s far-right parties, such as Svoboda… Ukraine’s economic nationalists are to be found in the extreme right (Svoboda) and centrist parties that propagate economic nationalism and economic protectionism.|pages=6, 15 |doi=10.2753/ppc1075-8216570601}}</ref><ref>{{citation |first=Gilles |last=Ivaldi|title=The Populist Radical Right in European Elections 1979-2009|work=The Extreme Right in Europe |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht|year=2011 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RBnmachN8vkC&pg=PA20}}</ref>
*{{flag|Britania Raya}} – [[Partai Seikat Buruh Demokratik]]<ref name="dup">{{cite book|page=156|title=The British Party System: An Introduction|first=Stephen|last=Ingle|publisher=Routledge|year=2008}}</ref>  
*{{flag|Amerika Serikat}} – [[Partai Republik (Amerika Serikat)|Partai Republik]] (fraksi)<ref name="rw politics">{{cite book|title=The Politics of the Right|first=Leo|last=Panitch|page=ix|publisher=NYU Press|year=2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/donald-trump-is-transforming-the-g-o-p-into-a-populist-nativist-party|title=Donald Trump is Transforming the G.O.P. Into a Populist, Nativist Party|last=Cassidy|first=John|website=[[The New Yorker]]|date=29 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/07/populism-american-right/489800/|title=Why Is Populism Winning on the American Right?|website=[[The Atlantic]]|last=Gould|first=J.J.|date=2 July 2016}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==== Tidak mewakili di badan legislatif nasional ====
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*{{flag|Albania}} –  [[Aliansi Merah dan Hitam]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dw.de/der-rückfall-ins-nationale/a-15620230|title=Der Rückfall ins Nationale|year=2011|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> [[Partai Barisan Nasional Albania]]
*{{flag|Australia}} – [[Partai Penembak, Nelayan, dan Petani]], [[Partai Proteksionis Australia]], [[Bangkit Australia]], [[Aliansi Kebebasan Australia]]
*{{flag|Austria}} – [[Aliansi untuk Masa Depan Austria]],<ref name="Micklin2015">{{cite book|author=Eric Micklin|chapter=The Austrian Parliament and EU Affairs: Gradually Living Up to its Legal Potential|editor1=Claudia Hefftler|editor2=Christine Neuhold|editor3=Olivier Rosenberg|display-editors = 3 |editor4=Julie Smith|title=The Palgrave Handbook of National Parliaments and the European Union|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DqyYBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA389|year=2015|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-28913-1|page=389}}</ref> [[Partai Bebas Salzburg]]
*{{flag|Belgia}} – [[Libertair, Direct, Democratisch]],<ref name="MuddeKaltwasser2012">{{cite book|author1=Cas Mudde|author2=Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser|title=Populism in Europe and the Americas: Threat Or Corrective for Democracy?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cRy2H220Gi4C&pg=PA27|accessdate=30 July 2013|year=2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-02385-7|page=27}}</ref><ref name="nsd.uib.no">{{cite web|url=http://www.nsd.uib.no/european_election_database/country/belgium/parties.html|title=European Election Database (EED)|work=uib.no|accessdate=28 April 2017}}</ref> [[VLOTT]]
*{{flag|Bosnia dan Herzegovina}} – [[Partai Patriotik Bosnian-Herzegovinia]]
*{{flag|Brasil}} – [[Partai Pembaruan Buruh Brasil]]
*{{flag|Bulgaria}} – [[Bulgaria Tanpa Sensor]]<ref name="Zeit"/>
*{{flag|Kanada}} – [[Partai Mawar Liar]] ([[Alberta]]), [[Aliansi Utara]], [[Partai Kemajuan Nasional Kanada]]
*{{flag|Kroasia}} – [[Partai Hak Kroasia]], [[Partai Hak Kroasia Dr. Ante Starčević]]
*{{flag|Ceko}} – [[Partai Buruh Keadilan Sosial]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vile-netzwerk.de/rechtspopulismus-in-europa/articles/rechtspopulistische-parteien-in-tschechien.html|title=Rechtspopulistische Parteien in Tschechien. - Vile Netzwerk|work=vile-netzwerk.de|accessdate=28 April 2017}}</ref> [[Koalisi untuk Republik – Partai Republik Cekoslowakia]]
*{{flag|Denmark}} – [[Partai Kemajuan (Denmark)|Partai Kemajuan]]<ref name="Hainsworth">Paul Hainsworth (2008). ''[https://books.google.no/books?id=6VZ8AgAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&hl=no&pg=PA49#v=onepage&q&f=false The Extreme Right in Western Europe]''. Routledge. p. 49</ref>
*{{flag|Finlandia}} – [[Barisan Biru dan Putih]]
*{{flag|Perancis}} – [[Gerakan untuk Perancis]], [[Pè a Corsica]], [[Alsace Dahulu]]
*{{flag|Jerman}} – [[Partai Nasional Demokrat Jerman]],<ref name="Liang2013">{{cite book|author=Christina Schori Liang|chapter='Nationalism Ensures Peaces': the Foreign and Security Policy of the German Populist Radical Right After Reunification|editor=Christina Schori Liang|title=Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7I_pDb1O2EQC&pg=PA139|year=2013|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-9825-4|page=139}}</ref> [[Gerakan Warga Negara Pro-Chemnitz]],<ref>[http://www.chemnitz.de/chemnitz/media/download/buerger_und_rathaus/lap_fortschreibung_2012.pdf Lokaler Aktionsplan für Demokratie, Toleranz und für ein weltoffenes Chemnitz (LAP).] (PDF; 275&nbsp;kB) Fortschreibung 2012. Stand: November 2011, veröffentlicht auf chemnitz.de</ref><ref>Swen Uhlig: [http://www.freiepresse.de/LOKALES/CHEMNITZ/NPD-plant-Aufmarsch-in-Chemnitz-artikel1683327.php ''NPD plant Aufmarsch in Chemnitz''], freiepresse.de, 16. Februar 2010.</ref> [[Gerakan Warga Negara Pro-Jerman]],<ref name="FOCUS">{{Citation |title=Pro Köln unterliegt vor Gericht |newspaper=FOCUS |date=10 July 2009 |url=http://www.focus.de/politik/deutschland/rechtspopulisten-pro-koeln-unterliegt-vor-gericht_aid_415839.html |accessdate=19 Oct 2011}}</ref><ref name="Morgenpost">{{Citation |title=Pro Deutschland protestiert vor Norwegen-Botschaft |newspaper=Berliner Morgenpost |date=25 July 2011 |url=http://www.morgenpost.de/berlin-aktuell/article1711860/Pro-Deutschland-protestiert-vor-Norwegen-Botschaft.html |accessdate=19 Oct 2011}}</ref><ref name="WELT"/> [[Gerakan Warga Negara Pro-Köln]],<ref>Alexander Häusler (Hrsg.): ''Rechtspopulismus als „Bürgerbewegung“. Kampagnen gegen Islam und Moscheebau und kommunale Gegenstrategien''. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2008, {{ISBN|978-3-531-15919-5}}.</ref> [[Pro-NRW]],<ref>Kristian Frigelj: [https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article5529800/Rechtspopulisten-planen-Anti-Minarett-Kampagne.html ''Rechtspopulisten planen Anti-Minarett-Kampagne.''] In: ''[[Die Welt]]'', 14. Dezember 2009.</ref> [[Persatuan Sosial Jerman (Jerman Timur)|Persatuan Sosial Jerman]], [[Partai Kebebasan Jerman]]<ref name="WELT"/><ref>{{Citation |title=Obdachlose Rechtspopulisten |newspaper=Süddeutsche Zeitung |url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/partei-die-freiheit-obdachlose-rechtspopulisten-1.1045138 |accessdate=30 Aug 2011}}</ref>
*{{flag|Yunani}} – [[Penyatuan Ortodoks Populer]]<ref name="Gemenis">Gemenis, Kostas (2008) " [[Fajar Emas (poartai politik)|Fajar Emas]] (fraksi moderat)[http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a790476516~db=all~order=page The 2007 Parliamentary Election in Greece]", ''Mediterranean Politics'' 13: 95–101 and Gemenis, Kostas and Dinas, Elias (2009) "[http://www.keele.ac.uk/research/lpj/kgemenis/download/Gemenis-Dinas-CEP.pdf Confrontation still? Examining parties' policy positions in Greece]", ''Comparative European Politics''.</ref><ref name="Art">{{Citation |first=David |last=Art |title=Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |page=188 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9dUTXJakqLoC&pg=PA188&dq=popular+orthodox+rally+far+right&hl=de&sa=X&ei=lv0vT5-JDYP5sgacuYzXDA&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=popular%20orthodox%20rally%20far%20right&f=false}}</ref>
*{{flag|Islandia}} – [[Barisan Nasional Islandia]]
*{{flag|Irlandia}} – [[Demokrasi Langsung Irlandia]],<ref name=Connolly /><ref name=RTEPT>{{cite AV media| people = Rita O'Reilly| title = A Matter of Trust - RTÉ Prime Time| medium = Investigative Documentary into the Freeman movement in Ireland, National Television| publisher = Radio Teilifís Éireann| location = Dublin, Ireland| date = 24 October 2013| url =http://www.rte.ie/player/ie/show/10215977/}}</ref><ref name=Populism>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/culture/media/radio-a-thin-turnout-on-air-but-pat-kenny-may-yet-win-the-populist-vote-1.1550347|title=Radio: A thin turnout on air, but Pat Kenny may yet win the populist vote|work=The Irish Times|date=5 October 2013|accessdate=6 October 2013}}</ref><ref name=APRN>{{cite news|title = Ben Gilroy and Direct Democracy Ireland: Look behind them|author = Mark Moloney|url = http://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/22992|newspaper = [[An Phoblacht]], Vol 36, Issue 4|page = 27|date = May 2013}}</ref> [[Identitas Irlandia]], [[Partai Nasional (Irlandia)|Partai Nasional]] (tak terdaftar)
*{{flag|Italia}} – [[Api triwarna]], [[Die Freiheitlichen]]<ref name="Nordsieck">{{cite web|author=Wolfram Nordsieck |url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/styrol.html |title=Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck |publisher=Parties-and-elections.eu |date= |accessdate=2014-04-27}}</ref>
*{{flag|Jepang}} – [[Partai untuk Kokoro Jepang]]
*{{flag|Malta}} – [[Moviment Patrijotti Maltin]]
*{{flag|Montenegro}} – [[Partai Radikal Serb]]
*{{flag|Belanda}} – [[Forza! Nederland]]
*{{flag|Polandia}} – [[Kebebasan (Polandia)|Kebebasan]]<ref name="BPB"/>
*{{flag|Portugal}} – [[Partai Renovator Nasional]], [[Prohidup Portugal]]
*{{flag|Romania}} – [[Blok Identitas Nasional di Eropa]] ([[Partai Romania Raya]], [[Partai Romania Bersatu]], [[Noua Dreaptă]]), [[Partai Generasi Baru (Romania)|Partai Generasi Baru]]<ref>{{Citation |first=Iván T. |last=Berend |author-link=Iván T. Berend |title=Europe Since 1980 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |page=134}}</ref>
*{{flag|Serbia}} – [[Gerakan Harapan Hungaria]], [[Partai Petani Rakyat]]
*{{flag|Slovenia}} – [[Partai Nasional Slovenia]]
*{{flag|Spanyol}} – [[Vox (partai politik Spanyol)|Vox]], [[Platform untuk Katalonia]],<ref name=md>[http://www.minutodigital.com/noticias/2010/04/22/josep-anglada-ser-populista-identitario-es-ser-hondamente-democratico/ Anglada: "Being populist and identitarian is being honestly democratic"] Minuto Digital (Spanish)</ref>
*{{flag|Swiss}} – [[Partai Kebebasan Swiss]], [[Geneva Citizens' Movement]],<ref name="Swissinfo 2009-10-11">{{cite news|url=http://www.swissinfo.ch/fre/24_heures_en_suisse/Les_populistes_brillent_aux_elections_genevoises.html?siteSect=104&sid=11337226|title=Les populistes brillent aux élections genevoises|date= 11 October 2009|publisher=[[Swissinfo]]|language=French|accessdate=2009-10-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926145531/http://www.swissinfo.ch/fre/politique_suisse/Les_populistes_brillent_aux_elections_genevoises.html?cid=292402|archivedate=2012-09-26}}</ref><ref name="Cloud">{{cite web | title=Cross-Border Issues Cloud Geneva Election Result | url=http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/populism-triumphs_cross-border-issues-cloud-geneva-election-result/37306956 | date=November 11, 2013 | publisher=[[Swissinfo]] | accessdate=December 15, 2016}}</ref> [[Ticino League]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.nfp40plus.ch/topic4356/story9096.html|title= Nationales Forschungsprogramm 40+}}</ref> 
*{{flag|Transnistria}} – [[Partai Demokrat Liberal Pridnestrovie]]
*{{flag|Ukraina}} – [[Kongres Nasionalis Ukraina]]
*{{flag|Britania Raya}} – [[Partai Kemerdekaan BR]],<ref name="Zeit"/><ref name="Tronconi2015">{{cite book|author=Filippo Tronconi|chapter=Introduction|editor=Filippo Tronconi|title=Beppe Grillo's Five Star Movement: Organisation, Communication and Ideology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7JS4BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA5|year=2015|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4724-3663-4|page=5}}</ref> [[British National Party]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Golder|first1=M.|title=Explaining Variation in the Success of Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe|journal=Comparative Political Studies|volume=36|page=432 |year=2003 |doi= 10.1177/0010414003251176 | url = http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414003251176|issue=4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Evans | first = Jocelyn A.J. | title = The dynamics of social change in radical right-wing populist party support | journal = [[Comparative European Politics]] | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 76–101 | publisher = [[Palgrave Macmillan]] | doi = 10.1057/palgrave.cep.6110050 | date = April 2005 | url = http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.cep.6110050 | ref = harv | postscript = .}}</ref>
*{{flag|Amerika Serikat}} - [[Partai Konstitusi (Amerika Serikat)|Partai Konstitusi]], [[Partai Kebebasan Amerika]]
{{div col end}}

== Lihat pula ==
* [[Left-wing populism|Populisme sayap kiri <br>]]
* [[New nationalism (21st century)|Nasionalisme baru (abad ke-21)]]
* [[Opposition to immigration|Perlawanan terhadap imigrasi]]
* [[Right-wing authoritarianism|Otoritarianisme sayap kanan]]

== Catatan ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Referensi ==
{{Refbegin|35em|indent=yes}}
: Berlet, Chip and Matthew N. Lyons. 2000. ''Right-Wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort''. New York: Guilford Press. {{ISBN|1-57230-568-1}}, {{ISBN|1-57230-562-2}}
: Betz, Hans-Georg. ''Radical right-wing populism in Western Europe''. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1994 {{ISBN|0-312-08390-4}}
: Betz, Hans-Georg and Immerfall, Stefan. ''The New Politics of the Right: Neo-Populist Parties and Movements in Established Democracies''. Houndsmill, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1998 {{ISBN|978-0-312-21338-1}}
: {{cite journal
|last=Dolgert
|first=Stefan
|year=2016
|title=The Praise of {{not a typo|Ressentiment}}: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Donald Trump
|journal=New Political Science
|volume=38
|issue=3
|pages=354–70
|doi=10.1080/07393148.2016.1189030
|ref=harv
}}
: Fielitz, Maik; Laloire, Laura Lotte (eds.) (2016). ''Trouble on the Far Right. Contemporary Right-Wing Strategies and Practices in Europe''. Bielefeld: transcript. {{ISBN|978-3-8376-3720-5}} 
: Fritzsche, Peter. 1990. ''Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar Germany''. New York: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-505780-5}}
: {{cite book
|last=Geden
|first=Oliver
|year=2006
|title=Diskursstrategien im Rechtspopulismus: Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs und Schweizerische Volkspartei zwischen Opposition und Regierungsbeteiligung
|trans-title=Discourse Strategies in Right-Wing Populism: Freedom Party of Austria and Swiss People's Party between Opposition and Government Participation
|language=de
|location=Wiesbaden, Germany
|publisher=VS Verlag
|doi=10.1007/978-3-531-90430-6
|isbn=978-3-531-15127-4
|ref=harv
}}
: {{cite book
|last=Greven
|first=Thomas
|year=2016
|title=The Rise of Right-wing Populism in Europe and the United States: A Comparative Perspective
|url=http://www.fesdc.org/fileadmin/user_upload/publications/RightwingPopulism.pdf
|location=Berlin
|publisher=Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung
|access-date=9 August 2016
|ref=harv
}}
: {{cite book
|last=Ignazi
|first=Piero
|year=2002
|chapter=The Extreme Right: Defining the Object and Assessing the Causes
|editor1-last=Schain
|editor1-first=Martin
|editor2-last=Zolberg
|editor2-first=Aristide R.
|editor3-last=Hossay
|editor3-first=Patrick
|title=Shadows over Europe: The Development and Impact of the Extreme Right in Western Europe
|location=New York
|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan
|isbn=978-0-312-29593-6
|ref=harv
}}
: {{cite book
|last=Ignazi
|first=Piero
|author-mask={{long dash}}
|year=2006
|orig-year=2003
|title=Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe
|series=Comparative Politics
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|isbn=978-0-19-929159-5
|ref=harv
}}
: {{cite book
|last1=Kaplan
|first1=Jeffrey
|author1-link=Jeffrey Kaplan (academic)
|last2=Weinberg
|first2=Leonard
|year=1998
|title=The Emergence of a Euro-American Radical Right
|location=New Brunswick, New Jersey
|publisher=Rutgers University Press
|isbn=978-0-8135-2564-8
|ref=harv
}}
: {{cite book
|last=Norris
|first=Pippa
|author-link=Pippa Norris
|year=2005
|title=Radical Right: Voters and Parties in the Electoral Market
|location=Cambridge, England
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|isbn=978-0-521-84914-2
|ref=harv
}}
: {{cite book
|last=Skenderovic
|first=Damir
|year=2009
|title=The Radical Right in Switzerland: Continuity and Change, 1945–2000
|location=New York
|publisher=Berghahn Books
|isbn=978-1-84545-580-4
|jstor=j.ctt9qcntn
|ref=harv
}}
: {{cite book
|last=Ware
|first=Alan
|year=1996
|title=Political Parties and Party Systems
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|isbn=978-0-19-878076-2
|ref=harv
}}
{{refend}}

== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
{{Refbegin|35em|indent=yes}}
: Goldwag, Arthur. ''[[The New Hate: A History of Fear and Loathing on the Populist Right]]''. Pantheon, February 2012, {{ISBN|978-0-307-37969-6}}
: Wodak, Ruth. ''The politics of fear: What right-wing populist discourses mean''. London: Sage, 2015. {{ISBN|9781446247006}}
: Wodak, Ruth, Brigitte Mral and Majid Khosravinik, editors. ''Right wing populism in Europe: politics and discourse''. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013. {{ISBN|9781780932453}}
{{refend}}

[[Kategori:Spektrum politik]]
[[Kategori:Istilah politik]]
[[Kategori:Populisme]]