Lihat sumber Joaquín Guzmán Loera

{{Spanish name|Guzmán|Loera}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name               = Joaquín Guzmán Loera
| image_name         = Joaquín Guzmán Loera, aka El Chapo Guzmán.jpg
| image_size         = 140px
| image_alt          = yy'
| image_caption      ='
| birth_name         = Joaquín Archivaldo Guzmán Loeray
| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|1957|04|04}}<ref name=rewards >{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/j/inl/narc/rewards/115366.htm|title=Narcotics Rewards Program: Joaquin Guzman-Loera |year=2009|publisher=U.S. Department of State|accessdate=August 26, 2009}}</ref>
| birth_place        = La Tuna, [[Munisipalitas Badiraguato|Badiraguato]], [[Sinaloa]], Meksiko
| known_for          = 
| residence          = 
| alias              = ''"El Chapo" Guzmán''
| height             = {{convert|1.68|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| weight             = {{convert|75|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| motive             = 
| charge             = [[Penyelundupan obat-obatan]], [[pembunuhan]], [[pencucian uang]], dan lain-lain
| conviction         = 
| conviction_penalty = 
| reward_amount      = Meksiko: $30 juta peso Meksiko;<ref>[http://www.cronica.com.mx/notas/2009/422312.html Recompensas de hasta $30 millones por El Chapo, El Mayo, El Azul, El Lazca, El Coss, Nacho Coronel y otros capos; soplones pueden participar] (14 April 2013)</ref><br>USA: $5 million USD<ref name=rewards/>
| capture_status     = Ditangkap
| wanted_by          = [[Jaksa Umum Meksiko|PGR]] (Meksiko) dan [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]] (Amerika Serikat)
| partners           = 
| wanted_since       = 2001
| years_at_large     = {{For year month day| year=2004| month=01| day=01}}
| predecessor        = [[Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo]]
| successor          = [[Ismael Zambada García]]
| escaped            = 19 Januari 2001
| escape_end         = 22 Februari 2014
| occupation         = Pemimpin [[Kartel Sinaloa]]
| spouse             = {{Collapsible list
|title = Sedikitnya 4
|1 = Alejandrina María Salazar Hernández (1977)
|2 = Estela Peña (tahun tak diketahui)
|3 = Griselda López Pérez (pertengahan 1980-an)
|4 = Emma Coronel Aispuro (2007)
}}
| parents            = 
| children           = {{Collapsible list
|title = Sedikitnya 10
|1 = Iván Archivaldo Guzmán Salazar
|2 = Jesús Alfredo Guzmán Salazar
|3 = César Guzmán Salazar
|4 = Alejandrina Gisselle Guzmán Salazar
|5 = Édgar Guzmán López (†)
|6 = Joaquín Guzmán López
|7 = Ovidio Guzmán López
|8 = Griselda Guadalupe Guzmán López
|9 = María Joaquina Guzmán Coronel
|10 = Emali Guadalupe Guzmán Coronel
}}
}}

'''Joaquín Archivaldo Guzmán Loera''' (4 April 1957) adalah mantan [[raja narkoba]] Meksiko yang memimpin [[Kartel Sinaloa]], organisasi kriminal yang namanya berasal dari daerah tempat berdirinya di negara bagian [[Sinaloa]]. Dijuluki '''"El Chapo Guzmán"''' ("Guzmán Pendek", {{IPA-es|el ˈtʃapo ɡuzˈman|pron}}) karena tinggi badannya {{convert|1.68|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, ia menjadi raja narkoba Meksiko pada tahun 2003 setelah saingannya, [[Osiel Cárdenas]] dari [[Kartel Teluk]], ditangkap. Sampai penangkapannya bulan Februari 2014, ia masih dianggap sebagai "penyelundup obat-obatan paling berkuasa di dunia" oleh [[Departemen Keuangan Amerika Serikat]].<ref name="Milenio">{{cite news|title=Califica EU a "El Chapo" como el narco más poderoso del mundo|url=http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/19c5f99ea605cf5a580a72acb27694f8|accessdate=January 11, 2012|newspaper=Milenio|date=January 10, 2012}}{{dead link|date=February 2014}}</ref><ref name="El Universal">{{cite news|last=Otero|first=Silvia|title=EU: "El Chapo" es el narco más poderoso del mundo|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/192801.html|accessdate=January 11, 2012|newspaper=El Universal}}</ref>

Guzmán Loera masuk dalam daftar tokoh paling berkuasa di dunia versi ''[[Forbes]]'' setiap tahunnya sejak 2009 di peringkat 41, 60, dan 55.<ref name=ForbesMostPowerful>{{cite web|title=Joaquin Guzman Loera|url=http://www.forbes.com/profile/joaquin-guzman-loera/|work=Forbes Magazine|accessdate=November 5, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/wealth/powerful-people/list|work=Forbes|title=The World's Most Powerful People List|accessdate=February 22, 2014}}</ref> Ia menjadi orang terkaya ke-10 di Meksiko (ke-1.140 di dunia) pada tahun 2011 dengan kekayaan bersih sekitar [[Dolar Amerika Serikat|US$]]1 miliar.<ref name="forbes billionaire">{{cite news|url = http://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/10/billionaires-2010_Joaquin-Guzman-Loera_FS0Y.html|title = The World's Billionaires: 937 Joaquin Guzman Loera|accessdate =September 21, 2010|date = March 10, 2010|work=Forbes Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.forbes.com/profile/joaquin-guzman-loera/ | title = Joaquin Guzman Loera's Forbes Profile | accessdate =November 26, 2011 | date = November 2011 | work=Forbes}}</ref> Majalah ''Forbes'' juga menjulukinya "raja narkoba terbesar sepanjang masa",<ref name="cnn capture">{{cite news|title=Major Mexican drug lord captured|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/09/19/world/americas/mexico-drug-lord/index.html|newspaper=CNN News|date=Sep 19, 2011}}</ref> dan [[U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]] sangat yakin pengaruh dan jangkauan Loera sudah melampaui [[Pablo Escobar]]. DEA saat ini menganggapnya sebagai "mafia narkoba dunia".<ref name="biggest ever">{{cite news|last=Vardi|first=Nathan|title=Joaquin Guzman Has Become The Biggest Drug Lord Ever|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/nathanvardi/2011/06/15/joaquin-guzman-has-become-the-biggest-drug-lord-ever/|newspaper=Forbes Magazine|date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Pada tahun 2013, [[Chicago Crime Commission]] mencap Guzmán sebagai "Musuh Masyarakat Nomor Satu" dikarenakan pengaruh jaringan kriminalnya di Chicago, walaupun belum ada bukti bahwa Guzmán pernah menginjakkan kaki di kota itu.<ref name="Public Enemy">{{cite news|last=Tarm|first=Michael|title=Who is 'El Chapo' Guzman, Public Enemy Number One?|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Latest-News-Wires/2013/0215/Who-is-El-Chapo-Guzman-Public-Enemy-Number-One|accessdate=28 November 2013|newspaper=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|date=15 February 2013}}</ref> Orang terakhir yang menyandang gelar tersebut adalah [[Al Capone]] pada tahun 1930.<ref name="HuffPoCapone">http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/14/joaquin-guzman-loera-mexi_n_2686730.html Article Huffington Post retrieved 6/13/13</ref>

Kartel Sinaloa pimpinan Guzmán menyelundupkan [[kokain]] berbobot beberapa ton dari [[Kolombia]] melalui Meksiko ke Amerika Serikat, konsumen terbesar dunia,<ref name=rewards /> dan memiliki sel pengedar di seluruh A.S.<ref name=rewards /> Organisasi ini juga terlibat dalam produksi, penyelundupan, dan pengedaran [[metamfetamin]], [[marijuana]], dan [[heroin]] di Meksiko. Saat ia ditangkap tahun 2014, Guzmán telah mengimpor narkoba ke Amerika Serikat lebih banyak daripada penyelundup lainnya.<ref name=AParrest>{{cite news|last1= Partlow|first1= Joshua|last2=Miroff|first2= Nick|title=World’s top drug trafficker arrested in Mexico, U.S. official says|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/worlds-top-drug-trafficker-arrested-in-mexico-us-official-says/2014/02/22/c001927c-9be0-11e3-ad71-e03637a299c0_story.html?wpisrc=al_national&clsrd|accessdate=February 22, 2014|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=July 5, 2005}}</ref>

Guzmán ditangkap tahun 1993 di Guatemala, lalu diekstradisi dan dihukum 20 tahun penjara di Meksiko atas tuduhan pembunuhan dan penyelundupan obat-obatan terlarang.<ref name=rewards /><ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|last=De Cordoba|first=Jose|title=The Drug Lord Who Got Away|url=http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB124484177023110993|accessdate=22 February 2014|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=13 June 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109201342/http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB124484177023110993|archivedate=22 February 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref> Setelah menyuap sipir penjara, ia berhasil kabur dari penjara federal berkeamanan maksimum tahun 2001.<ref name=rewards /> Ia menjadi buronan pemerintah Meksiko, Amerika Serikat, dan [[INTERPOL]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/1993/58/1993_25358.asp |title=Guzmán Loera buscado por la INTERPOL |accessdate=November 12, 2008 |publisher=INTERPOL }}{{dead link|date=February 2014}}</ref> A.S. menawarkan hadiah US$5 juta kepada siapa saja yang memberikan informasi seputar keberadaannya, dan [[pemerintah federal Meksiko|pemerintah Meksiko]] menawarkan hadiah 30 juta [[peso Meksiko|peso]] (sekitar US$2 juta) untuk informasi tentang Guzmán.<ref name=rewards />

Guzmán kembali ditangkap pihak berwenang Meksiko di Meksiko pada tanggal 22 Februari 2014. Saat itu ia berada di dalam kondominium Miramar lantai 4 di 608 Avenida del Mar, [[Mazatlán]], [[Sinaloa]],<ref>http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2566474/Cartel-boss-El-Chapo-cooking-breakfast-beauty-queen-wife-Mexican-officials-smashed-door-secret-hideout-betrayed.html</ref> dan ia ditangkap tanpa perlawanan.<ref name=AParrest/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/02/22/drug-lord-el-chapo-guzman-captured-in-mexico-report-says/ |title=Drug lord 'El Chapo' Guzman captured in Mexico |publisher=Fox News |date=2006-12-01 |accessdate=2014-02-24}}</ref>

== Lihat pula ==
{{Portal|Meksiko}}
* [[Daftar 37 raja narkoba buronan di Meksiko]]
* [[The World's 10 Most Wanted]]

== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Daftar pustaka ==
{{Refbegin|indent=yes|30em}}<!-- NB. When indent option is used,  please use a colon (:) instead of asterisk (*) for bullet markers in the references list -->

: {{cite book|author={{aut|Bagley, Bruce}}|title=Drug trafficking and organized crime in the Americas: Major trends in the twenty-first century|year=2012|publisher=Woodrow Wilson Center Latin American Program|isbn=1560007524|url=http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/BB%20Final.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117130542/http://wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/BB%20Final.pdf|archivedate=23 February 2014|ref=harv}}
: {{Cite book|author={{aut|Beith, Malcolm}}|title=The Last Narco: Inside the Hunt for El Chapo, the World's Most Wanted Drug Lord|year=2010|publisher=[[Grove Press]]|isbn=0802196225|url=http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Last_Narco.html?id=Jmid9oCEz04C|ref=harv}}

: {{cite book|author={{aut|Cockburn, Alexander}}|title=Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs, and the Press|year=1998|publisher=Verso|isbn=1859841392|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=s5qIj_h_PtkC&dq=Whiteout:+The+CIA,+Drugs,+and+the+Press&source=gbs_navlinks_s|ref=harv}}

: {{cite book|author={{aut|Edmonds-Poli, Emily}}|author2=and {{aut|Shirk, David A.}}|title=Contemporary Mexican Politics|year=2009|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|isbn=0742540499|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4Z6B7KDjtUUC&dq=El+Chapo+Guzman&source=gbs_navlinks_s|ref=harv}}
: {{Cite book|author={{aut|Hernández, Anabel}}|title=Los Señores del Narco|year=2012|publisher=[[Random House]]|isbn=6073108486|url=http://books.google.com/books/about/Los_se%C3%B1ores_del_narco.html?id=oVLXjMuUrTgC|language=Spanish|ref=harv}}

: {{cite book|author={{aut|Grayson, George W.}}|title=Mexico: Narco-Violence and a Failed State?|year=2011|publisher=[[Transaction Publishers]]|isbn=1412815517|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ogjkeCd7RGoC&dq=El+Narco:+Inside+Mexico%27s+Criminal+Insurgency&source=gbs_navlinks_s|ref=harv}}

: {{Cite book|author={{aut|Longmire, Sylvia}}|title=Cartel: The Coming Invasion of Mexico's Drug Wars|year=2011|publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers]]|isbn=0230111378|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=B9fge8lQpcYC&dq=El+Narco:+Inside+Mexico%27s+Criminal+Insurgency&source=gbs_navlinks_s|ref=harv}}

: {{cite book|author={{aut|Richards, James R.}}|title=Transnational Criminal Organizations, Cybercrime, and Money Laundering: A Handbook for Law Enforcement Officers, Auditors, and Financial Investigators|year=1998|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=1420048724|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RmGi5zDus7gC&dq=Enrique+Rafael+Clavel+Moreno+arellano+felix&source=gbs_navlinks_s|ref=harv}}

{{Refend}} <!--close biblio/reference style options -->

== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.forbes.com/profile/joaquin-guzman-loera/ Joaquín Guzmán Loera's profile] di [[Forbes]]
* [http://www.justice.gov/dea/fugitives/elp/8EAD6E56-C8D6-42C6-8797-75D7ED3E6315.shtml Profil Joaquín Guzmán Loera] di [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]]
* [http://www.interpol.int/%C3%83%C4%90%C3%82%C5%A1%20%20%20%C3%85%20en/layout/set/print/notice/search/wanted/1993-25358 Profil Joaquín Guzmán Loera] di [[INTERPOL]]
* [http://www.chicagocrimecommission.org/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=783436&module_id=142291 Profil Joaquín Guzmán Loera] di [[Chicago Crime Commission]]
* [http://www.state.gov/j/inl/narc/rewards/115366.htm Profil Joaquín Guzmán Loera] di [[Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat]]

{{Perang Obat-Obatan Meksiko}}

<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->

{{Persondata
|NAME = Guzmán Loera, Joaquín Archivaldo
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = El Chapo
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = Raja narkoba Meksiko
|DATE OF BIRTH = 25 Desember 1954
|PLACE OF BIRTH = La Tuna, Badiraguato, [[Sinaloa]], Meksiko
|DATE OF DEATH =
|PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Guzman Loera, Joaquin}}
[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1950-an]]
[[Kategori:Buronan Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Penyelundup obat Meksiko]]
[[Kategori:Perang Obat-obatan Meksiko]]
[[Kategori:Penyelundup Kartel Sinaloa]]