Lihat sumber Falcon 9

{{short description|Family of orbital launch vehicles made by SpaceX}}
{{use mdy dates|date=December 2013}}
{{Infobox rocket
| name = Falcon 9
| logo = Falcon 9 logo by SpaceX.png
| logo_size = 100
| image = Peluncuran Satelit Bangabandhu-1.jpeg|jmpl
| function = [[kendaraan peluncur|Kendaraan peluncur orbital]]
| manufacturer = [[SpaceX]]
| country-origin = [[Amerika Serikat]]
| cpl = $62M (2016),<ref name=spacex-capabilities /> $50M (2018)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/05/block-5-spacex-increase-launch-cadence-lower-prices/ |title=With Block 5, SpaceX to increase launch cadence and lower prices |first=Michael |last=Baylor |work=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]] |date=May 17, 2018 |access-date=May 24, 2018}}</ref>
| height = {{plainlist|
* '''[[Falcon 9 Full Thrust|FT]]''': {{cvt|70|m}}<ref name=falcon9-2015 />
* '''v1.1''': {{cvt|68.4|m}}<ref name=falcon9-2013 />
* '''v1.0''': {{cvt|54.9|m}}<ref name=falcon9-2010 />
}}
| diameter = {{cvt|3.7|m}}<ref name=falcon9-2015 />
| mass = {{plainlist|
* '''FT''': {{cvt|549,054|kg}}<ref name=falcon9-2015 />
* '''v1.1''': {{cvt|505,846|kg}}<ref name=falcon9-2013 />
* '''v1.0''': {{cvt|333,400|kg}}<ref name=falcon9-2010 />
}}
| stages = 2
| capacities =
  {{Infobox rocket/payload
  |location = [[Orbit bumi rendah|LEO]] (28.5°)
  |kilos    = {{plainlist|
* '''FT''': {{cvt|22800|kg}}<ref name=spacex-capabilities /> expendable, {{cvt|15600|kg}} untuk misi dengan pendaratan tahap pertama
* '''v1.1''': {{cvt|13150|kg}}<ref name=falcon9-2013 />
* '''v1.0''': {{cvt|10450|kg}}<ref name=falcon9-2010 />
    }}
  }}
  {{Infobox rocket/payload
  |location = [[Orbit transfer geostasioner|GTO]] (27°)
  |kilos    = {{plainlist|
* '''FT''': {{cvt|8300|kg}} expendable, <br />{{cvt|5500|kg}} untuk misi dengan pendaratan tahap pertama di ASDS<ref name=spacex-capabilities /><br/>{{cvt|3500|kg}} when RTLS<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/12/17/air-force-requirements-will-keep-spacex-from-recovering-falcon-9-booster-after-gps-launch/ |title=Air Force requirements will keep SpaceX from landing Falcon 9 booster after GPS launch – Spaceflight Now |access-date=May 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520110216/https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/12/17/air-force-requirements-will-keep-spacex-from-recovering-falcon-9-booster-after-gps-launch/ |archive-date=May 20, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''v1.1''': {{cvt|4850|kg}}<ref name=falcon9-2013 />
* '''v1.0''': {{cvt|4540|kg}}<ref name=falcon9-2010 />
    }}
  }}
  {{Infobox rocket/payload
  |location = [[Orbit transfer Mars|Mars]]
  |kilos    = '''FT''': {{cvt|4,020|kg}}<ref name=spacex-capabilities />
  }}

|derivatives = [[Falcon Heavy]]
| status = {{plainlist|
* '''FT Block 5''': Aktif<ref>[https://www.popularmechanics.com/space/rockets/a20152543/spacex-test-fire-new-falcon-9-block-5/ SpaceX Test-Fires New Falcon 9 Block 5 Rocket Ahead of Maiden Flight (Updated)]</ref>
* '''FT Block 4''': Pensiun
* '''FT Block 3''': Pensiun
* '''v1.1''': Pensiun
* '''v1.0''': Pensiun
}}
| sites = {{plainlist|
* [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral]] [[SLC-40]]
* [[Kennedy Space Center]] [[Launch Complex 39#Launch Pad 39A|LC-39A]]
* [[Vandenberg Air Force Base|Vandenberg]] [[Vandenberg AFB Space Launch Complex 4|SLC-4E]]
}}
| launches = {{flatlist|
* [[Daftar peluncuran Falcon 9 dan Falcon Heavy|{{Statistik roket Falcon|F9launch}}]]
** '''FT''': {{Statistik roket Falcon|F9FTlaunch}}
** '''v1.1''': 15
** '''v1.0''': 5
}}
| success= {{flatlist|
* {{Statistik roket Falcon|F9success}}
** '''FT''': {{Statistik roket Falcon|F9FTsuccess}}
** '''v1.1''': 14
** '''v1.0''': 4
}}
| fail = 1 ('''v1.1''': [[CRS-7]])
| partial= 1 ('''v1.0''': [[SpaceX CRS-1|CRS-1]])<ref name="sn20121011">{{cite news |last=de Selding |first=Peter B. |title=Orbcomm Craft Launched by Falcon 9 Falls out of Orbit |url=http://spacenews.com/orbcomm-craft-launched-by-falcon-9-falls-out-of-orbit/ |accessdate=2012-10-15 |newspaper=Space News |date=2012-10-15 |quote=Orbcomm requested that SpaceX carry one of their small satellites (weighing a few hundred pounds, vs. Dragon at over 12,000 pounds)... The higher the orbit, the more test data [Orbcomm] can gather, so they requested that we attempt to restart and raise altitude. NASA agreed to allow that, but only on condition that there be substantial propellant reserves, since the orbit would be close to the space station. It is important to appreciate that Orbcomm understood from the beginning that the orbit-raising maneuver was tentative. They accepted that there was a high risk of their satellite remaining at the Dragon insertion orbit. SpaceX would not have agreed to fly their satellite otherwise, since this was not part of the core mission and there was a known, material risk of no altitude raise.}}</ref>
| other_outcome= 2 ('''FT''': [[Amos-6]]{{efn|name=Amos-6}}, Zuma)
| landings = {{Statistik roket Falcon|F9Landingsuccess}} / {{Statistik roket Falcon|F9Landingattempt}} kesuksesan
| first = {{plainlist|
* '''FT Block 5''': 11 Mei 2018 ([[Bangabandhu-1]])
* '''FT''': 22 Desember 2015 ([[Falcon 9 Flight 20|OG2 Flight 2]])<ref name="nasaspaceflight.com">{{cite web |last1=Graham |first1=William |title=SpaceX returns to flight with OG2, nails historic core return|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/12/spacex-rtf-core-return-attempt-og2/ |website=NASASpaceFlight |accessdate=22 Desember 2015 |date=21 December 2015 |quote=The launch also marked the first flight of the Falcon 9 Full Thrust, internally known only as the "Upgraded Falcon 9"}}</ref>
* '''v1.1''': 29 September 2013 [[Falcon 9 Flight 6|(CASSIOPE)]]<ref name=nsfdc20130929>
{{cite web |last=Graham|first=Will |title=SpaceX successfully launches debut Falcon 9 v1.1 |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2013/09/spacex-debut-falcon-9-v1-1-cassiope-launch/ |publisher=NASASpaceFlight |accessdate=29 September 2013 }}</ref>
* '''v1.0''': 4 Juni 2010 [[Falcon 9 Flight 1|(Dragon COTS Demo 1)]]<ref name="MSDB" />
}}
| last = {{plainlist|
* '''FT Block 5''': {{Statistik roket Falcon|F9B5LastLaunch}}
* '''FT Block 4''': 29 Juni 2018 ([[SpaceX CRS-15|CRS-15]])
* '''v1.1''': 17 Januari 2016 ([[Jason-3]])
* '''v1.0''': 1 Maret 2013 ([[SpaceX CRS-2|CRS-2]])
}}
<!--Stages/boosters-->
  }}

'''Falcon 9''' adalah kendaraan peluncur luar angkasa yang dirancang dan diproduksi oleh [[SpaceX]]. Falcon 9 merupakan salah satu roket keluarga Falcon yang berada dalam status aktif. Dua tahap pertama Falcon 9 dapat dikonversi menjadi pendorong samping [[Falcon Heavy]], roket yang 3 kali lebih kuat dibandingkan Falcon 9.

Penamaan roket ini terinspirasi oleh kendaraan ''[[Millennium Falcon]]'' dan sembilan mesin di tahapan pertama roket. Roket ini memiliki beberapa versi, yaitu [[Falcon 9 v1.0|v1.0]] (2010–2013), [[Falcon 9 v1.1|v1.1]] (2013–2016), [[Falcon 9 Full Thrust|v1.2 "Full Thrust"]] (2015–2018), Block 4, dan varian [[Falcon 9 Block 5|Block 5]] yang mulai meluncur sejak Mei 2018. Tidak seperti roket pada umumnya yang merupakan sistem peluncur expendable (roket dibuang setelah digunakan), Falcon 9 adalah roket yang sebagian komponennya [[reusable launch system|dapat digunakan kembali]], dengan tahapan pertamanya mampu memasuki kembali atmosfer dan mendarat vertikal setelah dilepaskan dari tahapan kedua. Pendaratan seperti ini berhasil dilakukan untuk pertama kalinya pada penerbangan ke-20 Falcon 9 dengan versi Falcon 9 v1.2 pada Desember 2015.

[[Berkas:Falcon rocket family5.svg|jmpl|320px|Dari kiri ke kanan: Falcon 1, Falcon 9 v1.0, tiga versi Falcon 9 v1.1, tiga versi Falcon 9 v1.2 (FT), dua versi Falcon 9 Block 5, dan dua versi Falcon Heavy]]

Propelan yang digunakan oleh Falcon 9 adalah [[oksigen cair]] (LOX) dan [[RP-1]]. Falcon 9 dapat mengangkat muatan hingga 22.800 kilogram (50.300 lb) ke [[Orbit bumi rendah|orbit Bumi rendah]], dan 8.300 kilogram (18.300 lb) ke [[orbit transfer geostasioner]] (GTO) ketika menggunakan konfigurasi sekali pakai, dan 5.500 kilogram (12.100 lb) ke orbit GTO ketika tahap pertama dipulihkan. Biaya untuk sewa roket ini sekitar ($62 juta) untuk transfer ke orbit GTO.

== Riwayat peluncuran ==
<!--{{main|Daftar peluncuran Falcon 9 dan Falcon Heavy}}
<small>{{transcluded-section|Daftar peluncuran Falcon 9 dan Falcon Heavy}}</small>
{{#section-h::Daftar peluncuran Falcon 9 dan Falcon Heavy|Statistik Peluncuran}}-->

=== Peluncuran penting ===
[[File:SpaceX Falcon 9 launch with COTS Demo Flight 1 (low quality).ogv|thumb|270px|Peluncuran roket Falcon 9 pada misi COTS Demo Flight 1.]]
[[File:ORBCOMM-2 First-Stage Landing (23271687254).jpg|thumb|270px|[[Falcon 9 Flight 20]] Momen bersejarah ketika pendorong roket Falcon 9 mendarat di [[Landing Zone 1]], [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|CCAFS]] pada 21 Desember 2015.]]

* Penerbangan 1, [[Dragon Spacecraft Qualification Unit]], penerbangan perdana roket Falcon 9 sekaligus uji orbital pertama bagi wahana antariksa [[SpaceX Dragon|Dragon]]
* Penerbangan 3, [[SpaceX COTS Demo Flight 2|Dragon C2+]], pengiriman kargo pertama menuju [[International Space Station|Stasiun Luar Angkasa Internasional]]
* Penerbangan 6, [[CASSIOPE]], peluncuran pertama [[Falcon 9 v1.1|versi v1.1]] , peluncuran Falcon 9 pertama dari Pangkalan Angkatan Udara Vandenberg, dan percobaan pendaratan pendorong pertama
* Penerbangan 7, [[SES-8]], Peluncuran pertama menuju [[Orbit transfer geostasioner|orbit transfer geosinkron]] (GTO) dan peluncuran satelit komersial pertama
* Penerbangan 9, [[SpaceX CRS-3]], peluncuran pertama yang dilengkapi dengan kaki pendaratan, pertama kalinya Falcon 9 mendarat di laut secara terkontrol dan berakhir dalam posisi vertikal
* Penerbangan 15, [[Deep Space Climate Observatory]] (DSCOVR), misi pertama yang mencapai [[Kecepatan lepas|kelajuan lepas]] menuju titik [[Poin Lagrange|L1]]
* Penerbangan 19, [[SpaceX CRS-7]], misi gagal karena kegagalan struktur dan tangki helium di tingkatan kedua mengalami kelebihan tekanan
* [[Falcon 9 flight 20|Penerbangan 20]], [[Orbcomm (satellite)|Orbcomm OG-2]], pendaratan vertikal pertama bagi kendaraan kelas orbital
* Penerbangan 23, [[SpaceX CRS-8]], pendaratan vertikal pertama di ''Autonomous Spaceport Droneship'' yang bersiaga di tengah laut
* [[Amos-6]] , kegagalan total misi karena roket meledak saat uji ''static fire'' (seharusnya menjadi penerbangan ke-29)
* Penerbangan 30, [[SpaceX CRS-10|CRS-10]], peluncuran pertama dari [[Kompleks Peluncuran 39 Pusat Luar Angkasa Kennedy|LC-39A]] di [[Pusat Luar Angkasa Kennedy|Kennedy Space Center]]
* Penerbangan 32, [[SES-10]], penggunaan kembali pendorong roket orbital yang pernah diluncurkan sebelumnya (pendorong dengan nomor seri [[Daftar pendorong roket Falcon 9|B1021]], sebelumnya digunakan pada misi [[SpaceX CRS-8]]), selubung muatan juga turut diambil dari laut untuk pertama kalinya.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/30/15117096/spacex-launch-reusable-rocket-success-falcon-9-landing|title=SpaceX makes aerospace history with successful launch and landing of a used rocket |last=Grush|first=Loren|date=March 30, 2017|publisher=The Verge|access-date=May 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330232640/http://www.theverge.com/2017/3/30/15117096/spacex-launch-reusable-rocket-success-falcon-9-landing|archive-date=March 30, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=fairing-recovery/>
* Penerbangan 41, [[Boeing X-37|Boeing X-37B]] [[USA-277|OTV-5]], peluncuran [[spaceplane|pesawat ruang angkasa]] pertama bagi Falcon 9
* Penerbangan 54, [[Bangabandhu Satellite-1]], penerbangan pertama bagi versi [[Falcon 9 Block 5|Block 5]]
* Penerbangan 58, [[Telstar 19V]], satelit komunikasi terberat yang pernah dikirim oleh Falcon 9 menuju orbit GEO<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/07/spacex-falcon-9-telstar-19v-launch/|title=SpaceX Falcon 9 sets new record with Telstar 19V launch from SLC-40|date=July 21, 2018|website=nasaspaceflight.com|access-date=February 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722100004/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/07/spacex-falcon-9-telstar-19v-launch/|archive-date=July 22, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Penerbangan 69, [[Crew Dragon Demo-1]], peluncuran pertama wahana antariksa [[SpaceX Dragon 2|Crew Dragon]]
* Penerbangan 72, [[RADARSAT Constellation|konstelasi RADARSAT]], muatan komersial paling mahal yang pernah diluncurkan menuju orbit oleh Falcon 9<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ralph|first1=Eric|title=SpaceX Falcon 9 bids temporary goodbye to West Coast in launch and landing photos|url=https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-falcon-9-california-radarsat-launch-in-photos/|publisher=Teslarati|access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ralph|first1=Eric|title=SpaceX's Falcon 9 sticks foggy booster recovery at California landing zone|url=https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-falcon-9-radarsat-launch-watch-live/|publisher=Teslarati|access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Launch of SpaceX Falcon 9 Block 5 with RADARSAT Constellation|url=https://www.spacetv.net/live/launch-of-spacex-falcon-9-block-5-with-radarsat-constellation/|publisher=Spacetv|access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref>
* Penerbangan 85, [[Crew Dragon Demo-2]], misi berawak pertama bagi wahana antariksa [[SpaceX Dragon 2|Crew Dragon]]

== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|Falcon 9}}
{{Wikinews|SpaceX successfully test fires Falcon 9 rocket in Texas}}
* [http://spacex.com/falcon9.php Falcon 9 official page]
* [http://spacex.com/falcon9_heavy.php Falcon Heavy official page]
* Test firing of two Merlin 1C engines connected to Falcon 9 first stage, [http://mfile.akamai.com/22165/wmv/spacex.download.akamai.com/22165/PR35-1.asx Movie 1], [http://mfile.akamai.com/22165/wmv/spacex.download.akamai.com/22165/PR35-2.asx Movie 2] (January 18, 2008)
* [http://www.spacex.com/press.php?page=18 Press release announcing design] (September 9, 2005)
* [http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2005/09/13/201518/spacex-hopes-to-supply-iss-with-new-falcon-9-heavy-launcher.html SpaceX hopes to supply ISS with new Falcon 9 heavy launcher] (Flight International, September 13, 2005)
* [http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/2005/09/spacex-launches-falcon-9-with-a-customer/index.php SpaceX launches Falcon 9, With A Customer] (Defense Industry Daily, September 15, 2005)
{{Sistem peluncur orbital}}{{Roket-stub}}

[[Kategori:Kendaraan peluncur luar angkasa|Falcon 9]]