Lihat sumber F-104 Starfighter

{{Infobox Aircraft
 |name= Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter
 |image=Berkas:Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter.jpg
 |caption=Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter
 |type=Interceptor aircraft, fighter-bomber
 |manufacturer= [[Lockheed]]
 |designer=
 |first flight=4 Maret 1954
 |introduced=20 Februari 1958
 |retired=2004 (Italy)
 |status=
 |primary user= [[United States Air Force]] <!--Limit One (1) primary user. Top 4 users listed in 'primary user' and 'more users' fields. -->
 |more users= [[German Air Force]] <br />[[Turkish Air Force]] <br />[[Italian Air Force]]<!-- "More users" field limited to THREE (3) total. Please do not edit-war to add you favorite air force to this list by deleting others. Also note that Canada's CF-104 and Italy's F-104S have their own articles listed below in Variants. Thanks. -->
 |produced=
 |number built=2,575
 |unit cost=US$1.42 million (F-104G)<ref name="Knaack">Knaack 1978.</ref>
 |developed from=Lockheed XF-104
 |variants with their own articles=Lockheed NF-104A <br />Canadair CF-104 <br />Aeritalia F-104S <br />Lockheed CL-1200 Lancer and X-27
}}

'''Lockheed F-104 Starfighter''' adalah [[pesawat]] pencegat [[pesawat terbang supersonik|supersonik]] performa-tinggi yang berkecepatan tinggi yang dirancang pada tahun [[1954]].

Pesawat tipe ini umumnya digunakan sebagai [[pesawat pembom]] berkecepatan-tinggi di [[Eropa]] sejak tahun [[1960-an]] hingga [[1980-an]].

Pada tahun [[1958]], pesawat F-104 Starfighter pernah menciptakan rekor dunia baru dengan kecepatan 2.259,82&nbsp;km/jam.

Starfighter adalah pesawat tempur pertama yang mampu bertahan dalam penerbangan kecepatan Mach 2, kecepatan dan kinerja dalam memanjat tetap mengesankan bahkan oleh standar modern. Dilengkapi dengan sayap tipis bermata pisau supersonik (terlihat dari kokpit hanya dalam cermin), ia dirancang untuk kinerja optimal dengan kecepatan Mach 1,4. Jika digunakan secara tepat, dengan kecepatan tinggi, dan serangan kejutan luar biasa, bisa menjadikannya lawan tangguh bagi pesawat lain. Pesawat ini sangat stabil pada kecepatan tinggi (600 + kts) dan pada tingkat yang sangat rendah, sehingga menjadi pesawat tempur taktis yang tangguh. Namun, ketika menjadi mengubah kecepatan rendah dengan lawan subsonik konvensional, hasil dogfights selalu rata-rata. Jari-jari berputar yang besar F-104 adalah akibat kecepatan tinggi yang diperlukan untuk manuver.

Catatan keselamatan yang buruk dari Starfighter membawa pesawat ini ke mata publik, khususnya saat melayani Luftwaffe (Angkatan Udara Jerman). Skandal suap Lockheed seputar kontrak pembelian menyebabkan kontroversi besar di Eropa dan Jepang.

Sebuah masalah mesin adalah bahwa pembukaan yang tidak diperintah dari nosel pendorong variabel (biasanya akibat hilangnya oli mesin), meskipun mesin akan berjalan normal pada daya tinggi, pembukaan nosel mengakibatkan penurunan drastis terhadap daya dorong. Sebuah modifikasi dapat diinstal di penutup kontrol nosel secara manual untuk mengurangi masalah tersebut. Mesinnya juga diketahui sering kali terjadi afterburner saat lepas landas atau bahkan pada saat non-pengapian yang mengakibatkan kerugian besar terhadap daya dorong.
Kecelakaan fatal pertama dalam pelayanan di Jerman disebabkan oleh ini. Beberapa awak pesawat mengalami aktivasi sistem “Stick Kicker” pada tingkat rendah ketika terbang lurus yang bertingkat, sehingga F-104 sering terbang dengan sistem dinonaktifkan. Penyebaran flap secara asimetris adalah penyebab umum lain kecelakaan.

== Julukan ==
Starfighter dikenal dengan beberapa nama julukan di berbagai negara:
* [[Amerika Serikat]] - ''Zipper'' atau "Zip-104" (merujuk kepada kecepatannya yang tinggi).
* [[Jepang]] - ''Eiko'' ("keagungan").
* [[Jerman]] - ''Witwenmacher'' ([[bahasa Inggris]]: "widowmaker"), ''fliegender Sarg'' ("peti mayat terbang") atau ''Erdnagel''
* [[Pakistan]] - ''Badmash'' ("hooligan"/perusuh).

[[Berkas:Aircraft F-104G brake chute.jpg|jmpl|300px|Rem parasut F104]]
[[Berkas:Royal Military Museum Brussels 2007 284.JPG|jmpl|300px|Roda pendarat F104]]
[[Berkas:Flugplatz Memmingen 21.09.2008 11-30-43 3072x2304.JPG|jmpl|300px|Mesin F104]]
[[Berkas:Flugplatz Memmingen 21.09.2008 11-38-58 3072x2304.JPG|jmpl|300px|Kokpit F104]]

== Varian ==

Sejumlah 2.578 pesawat F-104 dibuat oleh [[Lockheed]] dan di bawah lisensi oleh beberapa pemroduksi asing. Varian-varian utamanya termasuk:
{|
|
* XF-104
* YF-104A
* F-104A
* NF-104A
* QF-104A
* F-104B
* F-104C
* F-104D
* F-104DJ
* F-104F  
|width=20|
|valign=top|
* F-104G
* RF-104G
* TF-104G
* F-104J
* F-104N
* F-104S
* F-104S-ASA
* F-104S-ASA/M
* CF-104
* CF-104D
|}

== Pengguna ==
* {{negaranama|Amerika Serikat}}
* {{negaranama|Belanda}}
* {{negaranama|Belgia}}
* {{negaranama|Denmark}}
* {{negaranama|Italia}}
* {{negaranama|Jepang}}
* {{negaranama|Jerman}}
* {{negaranama|Kanada}}
* {{negaranama|Norwegia}}
* {{negaranama|Pakistan}}
* [[Berkas:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|25px|tepi|Bendera Republik Tiongkok]] [[Republik Tiongkok]]
[[Berkas:ROCAF F-104J Right View 20111009.jpg|jmpl|300px|Taiwan Air Force F-104J]]
* [[Berkas:Flag of Spain 1945 1977.svg|25px|tepi|Bendera Spanyol]] [[Spanyol]]
* {{negaranama|Turki}}
* {{negaranama|Yordania}}
* {{negaranama|Yunani}}

== Spesifikasi (F-104G) ==
[[Berkas:F-104 3-view.jpg|400px|Orthographically projected diagram of the F-104 Starfighter.]]
[[Berkas:J79 components.jpg|jmpl|300px|upright=1.4|General Electric J79 dengan komponennya]]
[[Berkas:Air starter GE J79-11A by BMW.JPG|jmpl|300px|Irisan air start system dari turbojet General Electric J79 . Terlihat jelas turbin mini dan gearnya.]]

{{aircraft specifications
<!-- if you do not understand how to use this template, please ask at [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Aircraft]] -->
<!-- please answer the following questions -->
|plane or copter?=plane
|jet or prop?=jet

<!-- Now, fill out the specs. Please include units where appropriate (main comes first, alt in parentheses). If an item doesn't apply, like capacity, leave it blank. For instructions on using |more general=, |more performance=, |power original=, and |thrust original= see [[Template talk:Airtemp]]. 
-->
|ref=Quest for Performance<ref>Loftin, LK, Jr. ''Quest for Performance: The Evolution of Modern Aircraft. NASA SP-468'' [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/pao/History/SP-468/cover.htm Quest for Performance] Retrieved: 22 April 2006.</ref>
|crew=1
|length main=54 ft 8 in
|length alt=16.66 m
|span main=21 ft 9 in
|span alt=6.36 m
|height main=13 ft 6 in
|height alt=4.09 m
|area main=196.1 ft²
|area alt=18.22 m²
|airfoil=Biconvex 3.36% root and tip
|empty weight main=14,000 [[pound (mass)|lb]]
|empty weight alt=6,350 kg
|loaded weight main=20,640 lb
|loaded weight alt=9,365 kg
|max takeoff weight main=29,027 lb
|max takeoff weight alt=13,170 kg
|more general=
'''Zero-lift drag coefficient:''' 0.0172
* '''zero-lift drag coefficient:''' 3.37 sq&nbsp;ft (0.31 m²)
* '''Aspect ratio (wing):''' 2.45

|engine (jet)=[[General Electric J79]]-GE-11A
|type of jet=afterburning [[turbojet]]
|number of jets=1
|thrust main=10,000 [[pound-force|lbf]]
|thrust alt=48 kN
|afterburning thrust main=15,600 lbf
|afterburning thrust alt=69 kN
|max speed main=1,328 mph
|max speed alt=1,154 [[knot (speed)|kn]], 2,125 km/h
|combat radius main=420 mi
|combat radius alt=365 [[nautical mile|nmi]], 670 km
|ferry range main=1,630 mi
|ferry range alt=1,420 nm, 2,623 km
|ceiling main=50,000 ft
|ceiling alt=15,000 m
|climb rate main=48,000 ft/min
|climb rate alt=244 m/s
|loading main=105 lb/ft²
|loading alt=514 kg/m²
|thrust/weight=0.54 with max. takeoff weight (0.76 loaded)
|more performance=
* '''[[Lift-to-drag ratio]]:''' 9.2
|guns=1 × 20 mm (0.79 in) M61 Vulcan [[gatling gun]], 725 rounds
|hardpoints=7
|hardpoint capacity=4,000 lb (1,814 kg)
|hardpoint missiles=4 × AIM-9 Sidewinder, 2 x AIM-7 Sparrow, 2 x Selenia Aspide
|hardpoint other=* '''Other:''' Bombs, rockets, or other stores
}}

{{multiple image
 | align     = center
 | direction = horizontal
 | header    = 
 | header_align = left/right/center
 | header_background = 
 | footer    = Persenjataan F 104
 | footer_align = center
 | footer_background = 
 | width     = 200

 | image1    = Vulcan1.jpg
 | width1    = 200
 | alt1      = 
 | caption1  = M61 Vulcan General Dynamics

 | image2    = Sidewider missile 20040710 145400 1.4.jpg
 | width2    = 200
 | alt2      = Sidewider missile
 | caption2  = AIM-9 Sidewinder Nammo Raytheon Company Ford Aerospace Loral Corp

 | image3    = 
 | width3    = 
 | alt3      = 
 | caption3  =

 | image4    = 
 | width4    = 
 | alt4      = 
 | caption4  =

 | image5    = 
 | width5    = 
 | alt5      = 
 | caption5  = 
}}

== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
{{Refbegin}}
* Bashow, David L. ''Starfighter: A Loving Retrospective of the CF-104 Era in Canadian Fighter Aviation, 1961–1986''. Stoney Creek, Ontario: Fortress Publications Inc., 1990. ISBN 0-919195-12-1.
* Bashow, David L. "Starwarrior: A First Hand Look at Lockheed's F-104, One of the Most Ambitious Fighters ever Designed!" ''Wings'', Vol. 16, no. 3, June 1986.
* Bowman, Martin W. ''Lockheed F-104 Starfighter''. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: Crowood Press Ltd., 2000. ISBN 1-86126-314-7.
* Coggins, Ed. ''Wings That Stay on''. Paducah, Kentucky: Turner Publishing Company, 2000. ISBN 978-1-56311-568-4.
* Donald, David, ed. ''Century Jets''. Norwalk, Connecticut: AIRtime Publishing, 2003. ISBN 1-880588-68-4.
* Drendel, Lou. ''F-104 Starfighter in action,'' Aircraft No. 27. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1976. ISBN 0-89747-026-5.
* Fricker, John and Paul Jackson. "Lockheed F-104 Starfighter". ''Wings of Fame'', Volume 2, 1996, pp.&nbsp;38–99. London: Aerospace Publishing. ISBN 1-874023-69-7.
* Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. ''The Great Book of Fighters''. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-7603-1194-3.
* Higham, Robin and Carol Williams. ''Flying Combat Aircraft of USAAF-USAF (Vol.2)''. Manhattan, Kansas: Sunflower University Press, 1978. ISBN 0-8138-0375-6.
* Hobson, Chris. ''Vietnam Air Losses, USAF, USN, USMC, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Losses in Southeast Asia 1961–1973''. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 2001. ISBN 1-85780-115-6.
* Jackson, Paul A. ''German Military Aviation 1956–1976''. Hinckley, Leicestershire, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1976. ISBN 0-904597-03-2.
* Jagan, Mohan P.V.S. and Samir Chopra. ''The India-Pakistan Air War of 1965''. New Delhi: Manohar, 2006. ISBN 81-7304-641-7.
* Jenkins, Dennis R. "Hun Heaven, The Super Sabre Dance." ''Wings Magazine'', Vol. 35, No. 12, December 2005.
* Jenkins, Dennis R. and Tony R. Landis. ''Experimental & Prototype U.S. Air Force Jet Fighters.'' North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 2008. ISBN 978-1-58007-111-6.
* Käsmann, Ferdinand C.W. ''Die schnellsten Jets der Welt'' (German language) Planegg, Germany: Aviatic-Verl., 1994. ISBN 3-925505-26-1.
* Kinzey, Bert. ''F-104 Starfighter in Detail & Scale''. Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania: TAB books, 1991. ISBN 1-85310-626-7.
* Knaack, Marcelle Size. ''Encyclopedia of USAF Aircraft and Missile Systems: Vol. 1, Post-WW II Fighters 1945–1973''. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History, 1978. ISBN 0-912799-59-5
* Kropf, Klaus. ''German Starfighters''. Hinckley, Leicestershire, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 2002. ISBN 1-85780-124-5.
* Matricardi, Paolo. ''Aerei militari: Caccia e ricognitori, Volume 1''. Milan: Mondadori Electa, 2006. No ISBN.
* Nicolli, Ricardo. "Starfighters in the AMI". ''[[Air International]],'' Volume 31, No. 6, December 1986, pp.&nbsp;306–313, 321–322.
* Pace, Steve. ''Lockheed F-104 Starfighter''. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International, 1992. ISBN 0-87938-608-8.
* Pace, Steve. ''X-Fighters: USAF Experimental and Prototype Fighters, XP-59 to YF-23''. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International, 1991. ISBN 0-87938-540-5.
* Reed, Arthur. ''F-104 Starfighter – Modern Combat Aircraft 9''. London: Ian Allan Ltd., 1981. ISBN 0-7110-1089-7.
* Sgarlato, Nico. "F-104 Starfighter" (in Italian). ''Delta editions'', Great Planes Monograph series, February 2004.
* Smith, Philip E. and Peggy Herz. ''Journey Into Darkness: the Gripping Story of an American Pow's Seven Years Trapped Inside Red China During the Vietnam War''. New York: Pocket Books, 1992. ISBN 0-671-72823-7.
* Stachiw, Anthony L. and Andrew Tattersall. ''CF-104 Starfighter (Aircraft in Canadian Service)''. St. Catharine's, Ontario, Canada: Vanwell Publishing Limited, 2007. ISBN 1-55125-114-0.
* Thompson, J. Steve with Peter C. Smith. ''Air Combat Manoeuvres: The Technique and History of Air Fighting for Flight Simulation''. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Publishing, 2008. ISBN 978-1-903223-98-7.
* Thompson, Warren. "Starfighter in Vietnam". ''International Air Power Review''. Volume 12, Spring 2004. Norwalk, Connecticut, USA: AirTime Publishing. 2004. ISBN 1-880588-77-3.
* Toliver, Raymond F. and Trevor J. Constable. ''Holt Hartmann vom Himmel! (in German)'' Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag, 1985. ISBN 3-87943-216-3
* Upton, Jim. ''Warbird Tech – Lockheed F-104 Starfighter''. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 2003. ISBN 1-58007-069-8.
* ''USAF Class A mishap rates through the end of 2007''. Kirtland AFB, New Mexico: USAF Safety and Inspection Center, 2007.
* van der Zeeuw, Ton. "Lockheed F-104G Starfighter." ''Vliegend in Nederland 2'' (in Dutch). Eindhoven, Netherlands: ''[[Flash Aviation]]'', 1987. ISBN 978-90-71553-03-5.
* Weal, John. "Jagdeschwader 'Richthofen': Phoenix Twice Risen". ''Wings of Fame'', Volume 1, 1995, pp.&nbsp;142–165. London: Aerospace Publishing. ISBN 1-874023-68-9.
* Yeager, Chuck and Leo Janos. ''Yeager, An Autobiography''. New York: Bantam Books, 1985. ISBN 0-553-05093-1.
* Windle, Dave and Bowman, Martin. ''Profiles of Flight, Lockheed F-104 Starfighter, Interceptor/Strike/Reconnaissance Fighter.'' (2011) Pen and Sword, Great Britain. ISBN 978-1-84884-449-0.
{{Refend}}

== Pranala luar ==
* {{en}} [http://www.dcr.net/~stickmak/JOHT/joht12f-104.htm Starfighter details and assessment, by Rodford Edmiston Smith]
* {{en}} [http://www.i-p-v.de/welle/download/starfighter.zip Welle:Erdball video clip, lot of Starfighter scenes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041206085725/http://www.i-p-v.de/welle/download/starfighter.zip |date=2004-12-06 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.starfighters.net/ "Starfighters: The World's Fastest Airshow Team"]
* {{en}} USAF Museum: [http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/modern_flight/mf46.htm F-104C in collection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050527220952/http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/modern_flight/mf46.htm |date=2005-05-27 }} dan informasi mengenai [http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/research/fighter/f104a.htm XF-104 hingga F-104A] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050527230923/http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/research/fighter/f104a.htm |date=2005-05-27 }}, [http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/research/fighter/f104b.htm F-104B dan D] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050527231240/http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/research/fighter/f104b.htm |date=2005-05-27 }}, [http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/research/fighter/f104c.htm F-104C] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050527231714/http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/research/fighter/f104c.htm |date=2005-05-27 }} dan [http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/research/fighter/f104g.htm F-104G] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050527232144/http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/research/fighter/f104g.htm |date=2005-05-27 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=113 Lockheed F-104 Starfighter]
* {{en}} [http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/airdef/f-104.htm F-104 Starfighter]
* {{en}} [http://www.jetplanes.co.uk/f104.html F104 Starfighter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802200341/http://www.jetplanes.co.uk/f104.html |date=2008-08-02 }}

{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style=";clear:both;margin:5px auto; border:3px solid;width:60%; font-size:small;" align="center"
!bgcolor="#e0e0e0" colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom:3px solid"|Artikel terkait
|-
|'''Pengembangan terkait'''
|align="center"|
|-
|'''Pesawat yang mirip'''
|align="center"|[[MiG-21]] - [[Sukhoi Su-15]]
|-
|'''Seri'''
|align="center"|
[[F-101 Voodoo|F-101]] -
[[F-102 Delta Dagger|F-102]] -
[[Republic XF-103|XF-103]] -
'''F-104''' -
[[F-105 Thunderchief|F-105]] -
[[F-106 Delta Dart|F-106]] -
[[F-107]]
|-
|}

{{Lockheed aircraft}}
{{Transportasi supersonik}}
{{pesawat-stub}}
{{pesawat militer-stub}}

[[Kategori:Pesawat militer]]
[[Kategori:Pesawat tempur]]
[[Kategori:Pesawat jet]]
[[Kategori:Pesawat terbang Lockheed|F-104 Starfighter]]
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