Lihat sumber Letusan dan tsunami Hunga Tonga 2022

{{akan dikerjakan|Hanamanteo}}
{{bencana terkini|date=Januari 2022}}
{{Infobox eruption
|name=Letusan Hunga Tonga 2022
|image=Eruption of Hunga Tonga on 14 January 2022.png
|caption=Hunga Tonga meletus
|start_date=14 Januari 2022
|end_date=sekarang
|volcano=[[Hunga Tonga]]
|type=
|location=[[Samudra Pasifik]], [[Tonga]]
|coordinates={{coord|20.536|S|175.382|W|name=Hunga Tonga}}
|VEI= 
|map=
|map_caption=
|impact=
|deaths=
}}
Letusan besar [[Hunga Tonga]], sebuah pulau vulkanik di [[Tonga]] di [[Samudra Pasifik]], terjadi pada 15 Januari 2022. Letusan ini menyebabkan [[tsunami]] di Tonga dan [[Fiji]]. Peringatan tsunami dikeluarkan di Fiji, Samoa, [[Selandia Baru]], [[Australia]], dan [[Amerika Serikat]].

== Latar belakang ==
Setelah cenderung tidak aktif sejak 2014,<ref>{{cite news|first=Aina J.|last=Khan|title=Tsunami Reported in Tonga After an Underwater Volcano Eruption|date=15 January 2022|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/15/world/asia/tonga-volcano-tsunami.html|access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> gunung berapi [[Hunga Tonga]] meletus pada 20 Desember 2021 dengan mengirimkan partikulat ke stratosfer dan gumpalan abu besar yang terlihat dari ibu kota [[Tonga]] [[Nuku'alofa]] (sekitar 70 km dari gunung berapi).<ref name=MT2021a/> [[Pusat Penasihat Abu Vulkanik]] (Volcanic Ash Advisory Center, VAAC) di [[Wellington]], [[Selandia Baru]], mengeluarkan pemberitahuan kepada maskapai penerbangan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vaac.metservice.com/dynamic/vaa/243040_2021_2.txt |title=VA ADVISORY |publisher=VAAC |date=19 December 2021 |access-date=20 December 2021 |archive-date=20 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220022535/http://vaac.metservice.com/dynamic/vaa/243040_2021_2.txt |url-status=live}}</ref> Ledakan terdengar hingga 170 kilometer dari pusat letusan.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/world/2021/12/undersea-volcano-sends-plume-of-steam-into-the-skies-near-tonga.html |title=Undersea volcano sends plume of steam into the skies near Tonga |newspaper=NewsHub |date=21 December 2021 |access-date=21 December 2021 |archive-date=20 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220222140/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/world/2021/12/undersea-volcano-sends-plume-of-steam-into-the-skies-near-tonga.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Letusan awal ini berakhir pada 02:00 21 Desember.<ref name=MT2021a>{{cite web |url=https://matangitonga.to/2021/12/21/funeral-flight-tonga-cancelled-hunga-eruption |title=Air NZ funeral flight to Tonga cancelled as Hunga eruption continues |publisher=Matangi Tonga |author=Mary Lyn Fonua |date=21 December 2021 |access-date=21 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221062554/https://matangitonga.to/2021/12/21/funeral-flight-tonga-cancelled-hunga-eruption |archive-date=21 December 2021}}</ref> Aktivitas vulkanik terus berlanjut dan ukuran pulau ini membesar pada citra satelit pada 25 Desember.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/458609/tonga-volcano-grows-in-size-as-eruption-continues-for-sixth-day |title=Tonga volcano grows in size as eruption continues for sixth day |publisher=RNZ |date=25 December 2021 |access-date=26 December 2021 |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225214410/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/458609/tonga-volcano-grows-in-size-as-eruption-continues-for-sixth-day |url-status=live}}</ref> Karena aktivitas di pulau itu menurun, pulau itu dinyatakan tidak aktif pada 11 Januari 2022.<ref name="1News1"/>

== Letusan ==
[[Berkas:G17 sector tsp GEOCOLOR 24fr 20220115-0412.gif|jmpl||upright=1.2|An animation of the eruption over the southern Pacific Ocean]]
Sebuah letusan besar yang bermula pada 14 Januari mengirimkan awan abu sejauh 20 kilometer ke atmosfer.<ref name="RNZ 1">{{cite news |title=Underwater volcano Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai erupts again |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459572/underwater-volcano-hunga-tonga-hunga-ha-apai-erupts-again |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=14 January 2022 |archive-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114115608/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459572/underwater-volcano-hunga-tonga-hunga-ha-apai-erupts-again |url-status=live}}</ref> Pemerintah Tonga mengeluarkan peringatan tsunami kepada warga.<ref name="1News2">{{cite news |title=Tonga tsunami warning lifted, volcano still being monitored |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/01/15/tonga-tsunami-warning-lifted-volcano-still-being-monitored/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[1 News]] |date=14 January 2022}}</ref> Geologiwan Tonga di dekat gunung berapi mengamati ledakan dan kolom abu selebar 5 kilometer.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://matangitonga.to/2022/01/15/tongan-geologists-stunning-Jan14eruptions |title=Tongan geologists observe stunning eruptions at Hunga |publisher=Matangi Tonga |date=15 January 2022 |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115054357/https://matangitonga.to/2022/01/15/tongan-geologists-stunning-Jan14eruptions |archive-date=15 January 2022}}</ref>

Keesokan harinya, letusan yang jauh lebih besar terjadi sekitar 17:00. VAAC kembali menerbitkan pemberitahuan kepada maskapai penerbangan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vaac.metservice.com/dynamic/vaa/243040_2022_18.txt |title=VA ADVISORY |publisher=VAAC Wellington |date=15 January 2022 |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115055857/http://vaac.metservice.com/dynamic/vaa/243040_2022_18.txt |archive-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Abu dari letusan ini mendarat di pulau utama Tonga sehingga menutupi matahari dan mengubah siang menjadi malam. Ledakan keras terdengar di Nuku'alofa serta batu-batu kecil dan abu menghujani dari langit.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kanivatonga.nz/2022/01/new-tsunami-warning-as-waves-hitting-tonga/ |title=New tsunami warning as waves hitting Tonga |publisher=Kaniva Tonga |date=15 January 2022 |access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Banyak penduduk di Tonga terjebak kemacetan saat mencoba melarikan diri ke tempat yang lebih tinggi.<ref name="Cheer">{{cite news |author1=Louise Cheer |title=Tsunami hits Tonga after 'catastrophic' volcano eruption |url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/tsunami-hits-tonga-after-catastrophic-volcano-eruption-060809732.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=Yahoo News Australia |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Ledakan itu terdengar hingga Samoa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fijivillage |title=Loud thundery sounds being experienced in Fiji are from the huge volcanic eruption in Tonga |url=https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Loud-thundery-sounds-being-experienced-in-Fiji-are-from-the-huge-volcanic-eruption-in-Tonga--5r4xf8/ |url-status=live |access-date=15 January 2022 |website=www.fijivillage.com |language=en |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115065202/https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Loud-thundery-sounds-being-experienced-in-Fiji-are-from-the-huge-volcanic-eruption-in-Tonga--5r4xf8/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/south-pacific/300496665/screams-everywhere-tsunami-waves-crash-through-homes-in-tonga-after-eruption |title='Screams everywhere': Tsunami waves crash through homes in Tonga after eruption |first1=Hannah |last1=Martin |first2=Skara |last2=Bohny |first3=Stephanie |last3=Ockhuysen |first4=Torika |last4=Tokalau |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Penduduk di Fiji menggambarkan suara guntur. Ledakan terdengar di Pulau Utara Selandia Baru. Dari luar angkasa, gelombang kejut terlihat menyebar melintasi Pasifik oleh satelit.<ref name="Smith">{{cite news |author1=Oli Smith |title=Tonga tsunami: Satellite footage shows moment of volcanic shockwave - apocalyptic scenes |url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1550449/Tonga-tsunami-volcano-eruption-video-satellite-footage-American-Samoa-evacuation-vn |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[Daily Express]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Gelombang tekanan diukur oleh stasiun cuaca di seluruh Selandia Baru pada amplitudo maksimum sekitar 7 [[hPa]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=@MetService|date=2022-01-15|title=A pressure surge from the latest eruption of the Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai volcano in Tonga has been observed in our weather stations across the country this evening. Note, times are in UTC, so 0600 is 7pm NZ Time.|url=https://twitter.com/metservice/status/1482247777891799042|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-15|website=Twitter|language=en}}</ref> [[Survei Geologi Amerika Serikat]] mencatat magnitudo gelombang permukaan letusan tersebut yaitu 5,8.<ref name="USGS5.8">{{cite web |title=M 5.8 Volcanic Eruption - 68 km NNW of Nuku‘alofa, Tonga |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000gc8r/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |publisher=[[U.S. Geological Survey]] |access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref>

Pengamatan awal menunjukkan bahwa kolom letusan menyemburkan banyak material vulkanik ke stratosfer. Letusan itu berpotensi menyebabkan beberapa efek iklim sementara.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=Weather_West |number=1482371720237490178 |title=It appears likely that massive Hunga-Tonga eruption produced powerful enough eruption plume to inject significant amount of material well into stratosphere. Violent eruption of tropical volcano like this fits profile of event that could have small, temporary climate effect...}}</ref>

== Dampak ==
Belum ada informasi mengenai tingkat kerusakan dan korban dari Tonga karena masalah komunikasi.<ref name="gbp" />

== Tsunami ==
Akibat letusan pada 15 Januari, gempa bumi berkekuatan 4,0 [[skala kekuatan momen|M<sub>w</sub>]] dan tsunami setinggi 1,2 meter menerjang Nuku'alofa/<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pt22015050/executive |title=M 4.0 - 68 km NNW of Nuku'alofa, Tonga |publisher=USGS |date=15 January 2022 |access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/tsunami/national.shtml#nationalBulletin0 |title=National No Threat Bulletin issued 4:58PM AEDT Saturday 15 January 2022 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Meterology |date=15 January 2022 |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.md/qrGax|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="1News1">{{cite news |title=Waves hitting Tonga as volcano tsunami warning is in place |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/01/15/tsunami-warning-back-in-force-in-tonga-amid-reports-of-waves/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[1 News]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=FBC>{{cite web |url=https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/world/pacific-islands/another-tsunami-warning-issued-for-tonga/ |title=Another tsunami warning issued for Tonga |publisher=FBC News |date=15 January 2022 |access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> [[Tolok pasang surut]] di Nuku'alofa mencatat gelombang setinggi 1,5–2 meter.<ref name="Turaga" /> Video yang diunggah di internet menunjukkan serangkaian gelombang menghantam pantai dan rumah, sehingga menyapu puing-puing.<ref name="SMH1">{{cite news |title=Footage shows waves crashing into homes as tsunami warning sounds in Tonga |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/footage-shows-waves-crashing-into-homes-as-tsunami-warning-sounds-in-tonga-20220115-p59ohh.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Video lain menunjukkan hujan abu dan awan abu menutupi matahari.<ref name="1News1"/> Menurut seorang penduduk di Nuku'alofa, serangkaian ledakan kecil terdengar pada awalnya. Ledakan itu disertai dengan tsunami sekitar 15 menit kemudian. Gelombang pertama dikatakan menjadi gelombang terbesar. Gelombang putih panjang diamati di laut mendekati pantai. Tiga gelombang dilaporkan menghantam pantai.<ref name="1News5">{{cite news |title=Journalist based in Tonga describes 'huge' volcanic explosions |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/01/15/journalist-based-in-tonga-describes-frightening-explosions/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[1 News]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref>

Di [[Fiji]], tolok pasang surut di [[Suva]] merekam gelombang berukuran 20 sentimeter pada 17:40. Beberapa aktivitas tsunami juga dilaporkan di [[Kepulauan Lau]].<ref name="Turaga" /> Di [[Samoa Amerika]], tsunami berukuran 0,61 meter tercatat oleh tolok pasang surut.<ref name="Smith" />

Gelombang tsunami "merusak" antara 1 dan 2,5 meter diamati di beberapa pulau [[Vanuatu]]. Departemen Meteorologi & Geobahaya Vanuatu mengatakan aktivitas tsunami diperkirakan akan bertahan hingga malam 15 Januari.<ref name="vmgd">{{cite web |title=Tsunami Advisory number 5 for Vanuatu issued by Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-Hazards Department, Port-Vila at 01:01am, January 16, 2022 |url=https://www.vmgd.gov.vu/vmgd/index.php/warnings/tsunami-adivsory |publisher=Vanuatu Meteorology & Geo-Hazards Department |access-date=15 January 2022 |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Gelombang setinggi 0,8 meter tercatat di [[Hanalei]], [[Hawaii]].<ref name="gbp" />

Di [[Amami]], [[Prefektur Kagoshima|Kagoshima]], [[Jepang]], tsunami setinggi 1,2 meter dilaporkan pada 11:55 [[Waktu Standar Jepang|JST]]. Di [[Tosashimizu]], [[Prefektur Kochi|Kochi]], tsunami setinggi 0,9 meter.<ref name="TBS">{{cite news |title=【速報】各地で津波を観測 |url=https://news.tbs.co.jp/newseye/tbs_newseye4448812.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[TBS News]] |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja}}</ref><ref name="toonippo">{{cite news |title=津波情報＝気象庁発表（津波観測に関する情報） |url=https://www.toonippo.co.jp/articles/-/832840 |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=Web Tooku |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja}}</ref> Tsunami berukuran 0,9 meter juga dilaporkan di Chichijima Futami.<ref name="Sankei">{{cite news |title=奄美に１・２メートルの津波到達　トンガ噴火影響か |url=https://www.sankei.com/article/20220116-XAGFJOVSKRO57HUWY5PSLWOAWI/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[Sankei Shimbun]] |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja}}</ref> Di pantai Tohoku, gelombang setinggi 0,7 meter melanda pada 00:38 16 Januari. Di Pelabuhan [[Sendai]], tsunami mencapai 0,9 meter pada 00:08.<ref name="kahoku">{{cite news |title=仙台港などでも津波観測　トンガ沖・海底火山噴火 |url=https://kahoku.news/articles/20220116khn000002.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=Kahoku News |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja}}</ref>

Gelombang tsunami yang signifikan dilaporkan menghantam [[Pelabuhan Santa Cruz]] di [[California]] pada Sabtu pagi. Arus kuat di [[Half Moon Bay]] dicuit oleh akun resmi Pemadam Kebakaran San Mateo-Santa Cruz.<ref name="CBSSF">{{cite news |title=Tsunami Advisory Updated: Waves Rolling Into Santa Cruz Harbor; Live Aboard Residents Evacuated At Berkeley Marina |url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-northern-california-following-violent-volcanic-eruption-near-tonga/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=CBS SF Bay Area |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Gelombang setinggi 0,37 meter tercatat di [[Nikolski]], [[Alaska]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=McChesney|first=Rashah|date=2022-01-15|title=A tsunami is arriving in Alaska from volcanic eruption in Tonga|url=https://www.ktoo.org/2022/01/15/tsunami-in-alaska-after-tonga-volcano-erupts/|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-15|website=KTOO|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Tanggapan ==
A tsunami warning was issued on 14 January in Tonga after an eruption was observed. Volcanic activity decreased following that eruption and the warning was lifted in the early morning of 15 January. A 30-centimeter wave was observed during the first tsunami warning.<ref name="RNZ2">{{cite news |title=Tsunami warning now issued for all of Tonga |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459617/tsunami-warning-now-issued-for-all-of-tonga |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Another warning was issued to the whole of Tonga on the evening of 15 January following another large eruption.<ref name="RNZ2" /> Warning sirens blared in [[Nukuʻalofa]] while authorities urged residents to flee to higher ground.<ref name="Clark">{{cite news |author1=George Clark |title=Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai eruption: Tsunami alert for Tonga following underwater volcanic eruption |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/hunga-tonga-hunga-haapai-eruption-tsunami-alert-for-tonga-following-underwater-volcanic-eruption/3XYZ6SL6QG7DTWZP35PICVMA3A/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[New Zealand Herald]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref>

The Mineral Resources Department in Fiji issued advisories to people living around the coastal areas to stay away from the shores.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tsunami alert in effect for Fiji |url=https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/tsunami-alert-in-effect-for-fiji/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |website=Fiji Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> Evacuations were made on the [[Lau Islands]] after wave activity was observed in the sea.<ref name="Turaga">{{cite news |author1=Semi Turaga |author2=Vijay Narayan |title=Full Story: Stay out of the water & away from the shore due to strong currents & dangerous waves - Mineral Resources Department |url=https://www.fijivillage.com/feature/Stay-out-of-the-water--away-from-the-shore-due-to-strong-currents--dangerous-waves---Mineral-Resources-Department-4rf8x5/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |agency=Fijivillage}}</ref> [[Attorney General of Fiji|Attorney General]] [[Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum]] urged the public to stay indoors and cover household water tanks in the event of rain due to the risk of [[sulfuric acid]] generated from the eruption.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fijivillage|title=AG urging people to cover water tanks & stay indoors during rain due to the risk of sulfuric acid|url=https://www.fijivillage.com/news/AG-urging-people-to-cover-water-tanks--stay-indoors-during-rain-due-to-the-risk-of-sulfuric-acid-rfx854/|access-date=15 January 2022|website=www.fijivillage.com|language=en}}</ref>

Tsunami warnings were also issued to [[American Samoa]] by the [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]] (PTWC).<ref name="PTWC1">{{cite web |title=Message: American Samoa Warn/Adv./Watch #1 |url=https://www.tsunami.gov/?p=PHEB/2022/01/15/22015050/1/WEZS40 |website=tsunami.gov |publisher=[[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]] |access-date=15 January 2022 |date=15 January 2022 |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115065119/https://www.tsunami.gov/?p=PHEB%2F2022%2F01%2F15%2F22015050%2F1%2FWEZS40 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PACIFIC: A hazardous tsunami has been generated by volcanic activity in Tonga. Monitoring is underway to evaluate the threat. TSUNAMI ADVISORY for American Samoa. (Source: PTWC) |url=https://twitter.com/ENSAlerts/status/1482231791574466560 |website=Twitter |publisher=U.S. Emergency Alert |access-date=15 January 2022}}[[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]</ref> The PTWC considered the tsunami "hazardous" and warned that changes in sea level, as well as strong currents could pose a risk along the coast.<ref name="R1">{{cite news |title=Tonga volcano generates tsunami, U.S. tsunami monitor said |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/tonga-volcano-generates-tsunami-us-tsunami-monitor-said-2022-01-15/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=15 January 2022 |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115065247/https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/tonga-volcano-generates-tsunami-us-tsunami-monitor-said-2022-01-15/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Samoa later issued a tsunami advisory.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.samoaobserver.ws/category/samoa/96733 |title=Samoa's MET issues tsunami warning |publisher=Samoa Observer |author=Sialai Sarafina Sanerivi |date=15 January 2022 |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115072850/https://www.samoaobserver.ws/category/samoa/96733 |archive-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> The PTWC later canceled the tsunami warning for American Samoa.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ufi |first1=Elizabeth |title=Tsunami warning for American Samoa canceled |url=https://www.khon2.com/local-news/tsunami-warning-for-american-samoa-due-to-volcanic-activity-in-tonga-no-threat-to-hawaii/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[KHON-TV]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref>

The [[National Emergency Management Agency (New Zealand)|National Emergency Management Agency]] of New Zealand told residents to expect "strong and unusual currents and unpredictable surges" along the north and east coast of [[North Island]], as well as the [[Chatham Islands]].<ref>{{cite tweet |user=NZcivildefence |number=1482249845943717888 |title=We have issued a NATIONAL ADVISORY: TSUNAMI ACTIVITY following the Tongan eruption. We expect New Zealand coastal areas on the north and east coast of the North Island and the Chatham Islands to experience strong and unusual currents and unpredictable surges at the shore.}}</ref> The agency added that the currents have the potential to injure and drown people.<ref name="Hewett">{{cite news |author1=William Hewett |title=National Emergency Management Agency issues tsunami advisory for New Zealand after Tonga volcano eruption |url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2022/01/national-emergency-management-agency-issues-tsunami-advisory-for-new-zealand-after-tonga-volcano-eruption.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[Newshub]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> 

Australia issued tsunami warnings in [[Tasmania]] and portions of the eastern Australian coast.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-01-15|title=Tsunami hits Tonga after giant volcano eruption|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-60007119|access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref>

The [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] informed residents that a slight disturbance in the sea could occur without any damage.<ref name="gbp">{{cite news |title=Tonga hit by tsunami after undersea volcano eruption |url=https://www.gpb.org/news/2022/01/15/tonga-hit-by-tsunami-after-undersea-volcano-eruption |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[The Associated Press]] |agency=Georgia Public Broadcasting |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> The tsunami would not pose a threat to Japanese coastline. Officials from the JMA said that sea level rise of no more than 20 centimeters can be expected for 24 hours from 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Japan Standard Time.<ref name="NHK">{{cite news |title=Officials: No tsunami threat to Japan |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220115_19/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[NHK]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> A tsunami warning was issued in the [[Amami Islands]] and [[Tokara Islands]] by the JMA with forecasted waves of up to 3 meters. Additional warnings were issued to the east and southeast coast for waves of up to 1 meter.<ref name="NHK1">{{cite news |title=奄美群島・トカラ列島に津波警報（予想高さ ３ｍ） |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20220116/k10013432891000.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[NHK]] |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja}}</ref>

The [[National Tsunami Warning Center]] issued a tsunami advisory along the [[West Coast of the United States]] and [[British Columbia]], Canada.<ref name="Hamer"/><ref>{{cite news|first=Michael|last=Bartiromo|title=Tsunami advisory issued for West Coast after eruption of undersea volcano|date=January 15, 2022|website=WRIC.com|url=https://www.wric.com/news/u-s-world/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-west-coast-after-eruption-of-undersea-volcano/|access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> The advisory contained all U.S. areas along the West Coast from [[Southern California]] to [[Alaska]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Tsunami advisory issued for West Coast after underwater volcano erupts near Tonga|date=January 15, 2022|website=10News.com|url=https://www.10news.com/news/national/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-west-coast-after-underwater-volcano-erupts-near-tonga|access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Beaches were closed,<ref>{{cite news|title=Tsunami advisory issued for California coast; beaches closed, waves expected|date=15 January 2022|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-01-15/tsunami-warning-issued-for-california-beaches-from-volcano-explosion|access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> and coastal residents were requested to move to higher grounds.<ref name="Kwan">{{cite news |author1=Rhoda Kwan |title=Tsunami advisory issued for U.S. West Coast after undersea volcanic eruption |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/tsunami-advisory-issued-parts-us-west-coast-undersea-volcanic-eruption-rcna12350 |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Tsunami waves measuring {{convert|1|-|2|ft}} are expected to hit the shores as early as 7:30&nbsp;a.m. [[Pacific Standard Time]] (UTC−8) along the [[Central Coast (California)|Central Coast]].<ref name="Hamer" /> [[San Francisco]] was expected to receive waves at 8:10.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-15|title=UPDATE: Tsunami Advisory Issued For Northern California Following Violent Volcanic Eruption Near Tonga|url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-northern-california-following-violent-volcanic-eruption-near-tonga/|access-date=15 January 2022|publisher=[[CBS News]]|location=San Francisco|language=en-US}}</ref> The highest tsunami waves are expected one to two hours after the arrival of the first waves.<ref name="Hamer">{{cite news |author1=Cristal Hamer |title=1-2 foot tsunami waves expected on Central Coast following Tongan volcano eruption |url=https://www.ksbw.com/article/1-2-foot-tsunami-waves-expected-on-central-coast-following-tongan-volcano-eruption/38776661# |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[KSBW]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> A tsunami advisory was put in place for the entirety of [[Hawaii]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tsunami Advisory For Hawaiʻi After Tonga Eruption|url=https://www.bigislandvideonews.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-advisory-for-hawai%CA%BBi-after-tonga-eruption/|access-date=2022-01-15|website=www.bigislandvideonews.com}}</ref> Warnings in Canada were issued along the North and Central coasts of British Columbia, along with the [[Haida Gwaii]] archipelago and [[Vancouver Island]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tsunami advisory issued for B.C. coast after undersea volcano erupts near Tonga|url=https://www.timescolonist.com/local-news/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-bc-coast-after-undersea-volcano-erupts-near-pacific-nation-of-tonga-4958990|access-date=2022-01-15|website=Victoria Times Colonist|language=en}}</ref> Chile also issued a warning for a "minor tsunami" for [[Easter Island]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chile alerta sobre posible "tsunami menor" tras erupción de volcán en Tonga|trans-title=Chile alerts of a possible "minor tsunami" after volcanic eruption in Tonga|url=https://www.dw.com/es/chile-alerta-sobre-posible-tsunami-menor-tras-erupci%C3%B3n-de-volc%C3%A1n-en-tonga/a-60436791|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=15 January 2022|access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref>

[[Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika]] memastikan tsunami tidak akan berdampak hingga Indonesia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20220115195425-199-747129/bmkg-tsunami-tonga-tak-sampai-ke-indonesia|title=BMKG: Tsunami Tonga Tak Sampai ke Indonesia|website=CNN Indonesia|date=15 Januari 2022|accessdate=15 Januari 2022}}</ref>

== Lihat pula ==
{{Portal|Oseania|Gunung berapi}}
* [[Letusan gunung berapi bawah laut Tonga 2009]]

== Referensi ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Pranala luar ==
*{{Commons category-inline|2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga}}
*[https://twitter.com/sakakimoana/status/1482218193619865600?s=20 Dr Faka’iloatonga Taumoefolau on Twitter: "Stay safe everyone Flag of Tonga"]
*[https://www.facebook.com/suzi.tinai/videos/627984261618609 Sussie Tinai on Facebook: "Volcanic eruption from Tonga felt in Lakeba"]
*[https://zoom.earth/#view=-21.17,-174.24,6z/date=2022-01-15,05:20/layers=fires,radar:off Zoom Earth]
* {{cite news |last1=Associated Press |title=Tsunami hits Tonga after underwater volcanic eruption |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/15/tonga-tsunami-warning-as-volcano-erupts-at-sea |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=The Guardian (UK) |date=15 January 2022}}

[[Kategori:Tonga dalam tahun 2022]]
[[Kategori:Tsunami gunung berapi]]
[[Kategori:Tsunami di Fiji]]
[[Kategori:Letusan gunung berapi di Tonga]]