Lihat sumber Samantabhadra

{{Infobox Bodhisattva
| name =Samantabhadra
| img = Fugen the life preserver.jpg
| img_size =
| img_capt =
| landscape =
| nama_sanskerta = Samantabhadra
| nama_pali =
| nama_birma =
| nama_tionghoa = 普賢菩薩 pŭ xián pú sà
| nama_jepang = 普賢菩薩 Fugen Bosatsu
| nama_tibet = ཀུན་ཏུ་བཟང་པོ། Kun-tu bzang-po
| nama_mongolia = Гүндэсамбуу, Самандaбадраа, Хамгаар Сайн
| nama_korea =
| nama_thailand =
| nama_vietnam = Phổ Hiền Bồ Tát
| pemujaan = [[Mahayana]], [[Vajrayana]]
| attribute = Tindakan
}}
'''Samantabhadra''' ([[Bahasa Sanskerta|Sanskerta]]; Devanagari: समन्तभद्र; [[IAST]]: samantabhadra; {{bo|t=ཀུན་ཏུ་བཟང་པོ|w=kun tu bzang po}} pr. ''Kuntuzangpo'', berarti ''Keagungan Universal'' ; "Universal Worthy"), adalah seorang [[Bodhisattva]] dalam mazhab [[Buddhisme]] [[Mahayana]] yang berhubungan dengan pelaksanaan dan [[meditasi]] umat [[Buddha]]. Bersama-sama dengan Buddha [[Shakyamuni]] dan rekan Bodhisattva [[Manjusri]], ia membentuk ''Trinitas Shakyamuni'' dalam Buddhisme. Ia merupakan pemimpi dari [[Sutra Teratai]] dan, menurut [[Sutra Avatamsaka]], membuat sepuluh sumpah agung yang merupakan dasar landasan seorang [[bodhisattva]]. Di [[Cina]], ia diasosiasikan dengan tindakan, yang mana bodhisattva [[Manjusri]] diasosiasikan dengan Kebijaksanaan. Di [[Jepang]], bodhisattva ini sering dipuja oleh sekte [[Tendai]] dan [[Shingon]], dan sebagai penjaga Sutra Teratai oleh sekte [[Nichiren]].

Di mazhab [[Nyingma]] dari [[Buddhisme di Tibet|Buddhist]] [[Vajrayana]], Samantabhadra sering dianggap sebagai ''Buddha mula-mula'' dalam persekutuan yang tidak terpisahkan bersama dengan pendampingnya [[Samantabhadri]].

Samantabhadra biasanya ditampilkan dengan warna hitam. ''Topi Dorje Zahorma'', sebuah bentuk topi spesial dari Dorje [[Zahorma]] yang merupakan ciri tradisi [[Chatral Rinpoche]], dibubuhi dengan gambar Samantabhadra.<ref>[http://www.aroencyclopaedia.org/shared/text/c/crx_ph_02_eng.php Photograph with explanatory text]</ref>

{{ChineseText}}

== Asal usul ==
[[Berkas:Fugen enmei painting.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|Samantabhadra, digambarkan dalam ''Bodhisattva dari Kebajikan Universal yang Memperpanjang Kehidupan'' (''Bodhisattva of Universal Virtue who Prolongs Life''), lukisan sutra abad ke-12, periode akhir Heian.]]
Samantabhadra adalah figur utama dalam [[Sutra Bunga Garland]], terutama pada bagian terakhir, Sutra Gandhavyuha. Di penghujung Sutra Gandhavyuha, seorang murid, [[Sudhana]] bertemu dengan Bodhisattva Samantabhadra, yang mengajarkannya bahwa kebijaksanaan hanya ada untuk supaya dilakukan; bahwa hal tersebut hanya baik apabila menguntungkan semua mahluk hidup.

Dalam [[Sutra Teratai]], ia digambarkan secara luas dalam epilog, ''[[Sutra Meditasi pada Bodhisattva Kebajikan Universal]]'' ( 普賢經 [[Bahasa Tionghoa|Tionghoa]]: Pǔxiánjīng, [[Bahasa Jepang|Jepang]]: Fugen Kyō), dengan penjelasan khusus mengenai visualisasi akan bodhisattva, dan kebajikan akan penghormatan kepadanya.<ref>[http://www.buddhistdoor.com/OldWeb/resources/sutras/lotus/sources/lotus28.htm CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT - THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF UNIVERSAL WORTHY BODHISATTVA] Translated by The Buddhist Text Translation Society in USA</ref>

== Sepuluh Sumpah Samantabhadra ==
Dalam [[Sutra Avatamsaka]], Buddha menyatakan bahwa Bodhisattva Samatabhadra membuat sepuluh sumpah agung dalam perjalannya menuju ke-buddha-an:

<!-- 
# To pay [[homage]] and respect to all Buddhas.
# To praise all the Buddhas.
# To make abundant offerings. (i.e. give generously)
# To repent misdeeds and evil [[karma]]s.
# To rejoice in others' merits and [[virtue]]s.
# To request the Buddhas to continue teaching.
# To request the Buddhas to remain in the world.
# To follow the teachings of the Buddhas at all times.
# To accommodate and benefit all living beings.
# To transfer all merits and virtues to benefit all beings.

The ten vows have become a common practice in [[East Asian Buddhism]], particularly the tenth vow, with many Buddhists traditionally dedicating their merit and good works to all beings during Buddhist liturgies.

==Iconography==
[[Berkas:Fugen the life preserver full view.jpg|thumb|Fugen Enmei (Japanese: 普賢延命菩薩), the life Preserver. [[Guimet Museum]].]]
Unlike his more popular counterpart Manjusri, Samantabhadra is only rarely depicted alone and is usually found in a trinity on the right side of [[Shakyamuni]], mounted on a white elephant. In those traditions that accept the Avatamsaka Sutra as its root instruction, Samantabhadra and Manjusri flank [[Vairocana]] Buddha, the central Buddha of this particular sutra.

Known as Pǔxián in Chinese, he is sometimes shown in [[Chinese art]] with feminine characteristics, riding an elephant with six pairs of tusks while carrying a lotus leaf 'parasol' (Sanskrit: ''[[chhatra]]''), bearing similar dress and features to some feminine depictions of [[Kuan Yin]]. It is in this guise that Samantabhadra is revered as the patron bodhisattva of the monasteries associated with [[Mount Emei]] in western China. Some believe that the white elephant mount of Samantabhadra was the same elephant that appeared to [[Maya (mother of Buddha)|Queen Maya]], the mother of the Buddha, to herald his birth.

Among those esoteric traditions that treat Samantabhadra as the 'Primordial' (Sanskrit: [[Dharmakaya]]) Buddha, he is often represented 'naked' ("sky clad"; Sanskrit: ''[[digambara]]''), with a dark blue body, in union with his consort [[Samantabhadri]].

===In esoteric traditions===
Samantabhadra is also known as '''[[Vajradhara]]''' and '''Viśvabhadra''', the different names foreground different attributes and essence-qualities, lineagues of [[sadhana]] and [[esoteric transmission]]. Samantabhadra appears in the [[Vajrayana]] [[tantras|tantric text]] the [[Kunjed Gyalpo Tantra]], as the [[Primordial Buddha]], the 'embodiment' (Sanskrit: ''[[kaya]]'') or 'field' (Sanskrit: ''[[kṣetra]]'') of 'timeless awareness, [[gnosis]]' (Sanskrit: ''[[jñāna]]'') awakened since before the very beginning. Therefore in [[Tibetan Buddhism]] the [[Nyingma]], or 'Old Translation' school, the [[Sakya]] and the [[Bön]] schools view Samantabhadra as the Primordial Buddha. However, the [[Kagyu]] and [[Gelug]] schools use [[Vajradhara]] to represent the Primordial Buddha.

[[Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche]] following the Nyingmapa [[Dzogchen]] tradition qualifies the nature and essence of Samantabhadra, the Primordial Buddha, as the origin-less wellspring of the timeless and unbounded Atiyoga teachings, and honours the converse view entertained by some interested parties which hold that the Dzogchen teachings originated with either the [[Bonpo]] tradition or the Chinese monk [[Moheyan]] (1990: p.xxi):
<blockquote>
Samantabhadra is not subject to limits of time, place, or physical conditions. Samantabhadra is not a colored being with two eyes, etc. Samantabhadra is the unity of awareness and emptiness, the unity of appearances and emptiness, the nature of mind, natural clarity with unceasing compassion - that is Samantabhadra from the very beginning.<ref>Khyentse, Dzongsar (1990). "Introduction: The Significance of This Biography" in: Palmo, Ani Jima (Eugenie de Jong; translator); Nyingpo, Yudra (compilor, ''et al.'') (2004). ''The Great Image: the Life Story of Vairochana the translator.'' Shambala Publications, Inc.: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. ISBN 1-59030-069-6 (pbk.: alk. paper). p.xxi</ref>
</blockquote>

'[[The Mirror of the Mind of Samantabhadra (kun tu bzang po thugs kyi me long)|The Mirror of the Mind of Samantabhadra]]' ({{bo|t=ཀུན་ཏུ་བཟང་པོ་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་མེ་ལོང|w=kun tu bzang po thugs kyi me long}}) is one of the [[Seventeen Tantras]] of [[Dzogchen]] [[Upadesha]].<ref>Rigpa Shedra (October, 2009). ''Seventeen Tantras.'' Source: [http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Seventeen_Tantras] (accessed: Monday April 5, 2010)</ref>
-->

== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}

== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* ''Ancient Tibet: Research materials from the Yeshe De Project''. 1986. Dharma Publishing, California. ISBN 0-89800-146-3
* Dudjom Rinpoche and Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje. ''The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: its Fundamentals and History''. Two Volumes. 1991. Translated and edited by Gyurme Dorje with Matthew Kapstein. Wisdom Publications, Boston. ISBN 0-86171-087-8</ref>

== Pranala luar ==
* [http://texts.00.gs/Wellsprings_of_the_Great_Perfection,_3.htm Revelations of Samantabhadra's Mind]
* [http://www.archive.org/details/SamantabhadraDevotions Samantabhadra Devotions]
* [http://www.archive.org/details/SamantabhadraInternetResourcesOnTheBodhisattvaUniversalWorthy Samantabhadra: Internet Resources on the Bodhisattva Universal Worthy]
* [http://www.nalandabodhi.org/samantabhadra.html The Aspiration of Samantabhadra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090819143054/http://www.nalandabodhi.org/samantabhadra.html |date=2009-08-19 }}

{{Bodhisattva}}
{{Topik Buddhisme}}
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