Lihat sumber Bahasa Thai Utara

{{distinguish|Rumpun bahasa Tai Utara}}
{{Short description|Bahasa Thai yang berkaitan dengan bahasa Thai dan Lao Baku}}{{Infobox language
| name             = Bahasa Thai Utara
| nativename       = {{Script|Lana|ᨣᩴᩤᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ}} ([[Gambar:Lanna-khammeuang.svg|45px]]<!--ᨣᩴᩤᨾᩮᩥᩬᨦ-->) ''Kam Mueang''<br />{{Script|Thai|คำเมือง}}
| pronunciation    = {{IPA-nod|käm˧.mɯa̯ŋ˧|}}, {{IPA audio link|nod-kammueang.ogg}}
| script           = [[Aksara Tai Tham]] (baku),<br />[[Aksara Thai]] ([[de facto|pada hakikatnya]]) sejak awal abad ke-20
| states           = 
| region           = [[Thailand Utara]]
| ethnicity        = [[Suku Thai Utara|Thai Utara]]
| speakers         = 6 juta
| date             = 1983
| ref              = e18
| familycolor      = Tai-Kadai
| fam2             = [[Rumpun bahasa Tai|Tai]]
| fam3             = [[Rumpun bahasa Tai Barat Daya|Tai Barat Daya]]
| fam4             = Chiang Saen
| iso3             = nod
| glotto           = nort2740
| minority         = {{flag|Thailand}}
| glottorefname    = Thai Utara
| notice           = Indic
| notice2          = IPA
| image            = Lanna_alphabet_and_Thai_alphabet.svg
| imagecaption     = [[aksara Tai Tham|aksara tradisional Tai Tham]] (atas)<br/>[[aksara Thai]] paling populer [[de facto|pada hakikatnya]] (bawah)
|imagesize=190px}}
'''Bahasa Thai Utara''' ({{lang-th|ภาษาไทยถิ่นเหนือ, ภาษาถิ่นพายัพ}}), '''Lanna''' ({{lang-th|ภาษาล้านนา}}), atau '''Kam Mueang''' ({{lang-nod|{{Script|Lana|ᨣᩴᩤᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ}} ([[Gambar:Lanna-khammeuang.svg|50px]])}}, {{IPA-nod|käm˧.mɯa̯ŋ˧|pron}}, {{IPA audio link|nod-kammueang.ogg}}; {{lang-th|คำเมือง}}, {{IPA-th|kʰām.mɯ̄a̯ŋ|pron}}) adalah bahasa [[suku Thai Utara]] di [[Lanna]], [[Thailand]]. Bahasa ini adalah [[Rumpun bahasa Tai Barat Daya|bahasa Tai Barat Daya]] yang berkaitan erat dengan [[Bahasa Laos|bahasa Lao]]. Bahasa Thai Utara mempunyai kira-kira enam juta penutur, yang kebanyakannya tinggal di [[Thailand Utara]], dengan masyarakat penutur Lanna yang lebih kecil di barat laut [[Laos]].

Penutur bahasa ini umumnya menganggap nama "Tai Yuan" itu merendahkan. Mereka menyebut diri mereka sebagai ''{{lang|nod-Latn|khon mueang}}'' (คนเมือง, {{IPA-nod|xon˧.mɯa̯ŋ˧|}} - secara harfiah "orang Mueang"), Lanna, atau Thai Utara. Bahasa ini juga kadang kala disebut sebagai ''{{lang|nod-Latn|phayap}}'' (พายัพ, {{IPA-th|pʰāː.jáp}}), "((tuturan) Barat Laut)".

Istilah Yuan kadang kala masih digunakan untuk [[aksara Tai Tham]] khas Thai Utara, yang berkaitan erat dengan aksara Tai Lue kuno dan aksara keagamaan Lao. Penggunaan ''{{lang|nod-Latn|tua mueang}}'', sebagaimana aksara tradisional yang diketahui, kini sebagian besar digunakan secara terbatas di kuil-kuil Buddha, tempat banyak manuskrip khotbah lama masih digunakan. Tidak ada penghasilan sastra yang aktif dalam aksara tradisional. Bentuk lisan modern disebut {{lang|nod-Latn|Kam Muang}}. Terdapat kebangkitan kembali minat untuk menulis bahasa ini dengan cara tradisional, tetapi pelafalan modetn berbeda dari yang ditetapkan dalam aturan ejaan.<ref name=Natnapang>Natnapang 2004, Section 3.5.6 ''The changing pronunciation of the Lanna script and Kammuang'' As with all languages, the pronunciation of the written and spoken forms changes over time. This is another problem that Kam Muang speakers may have when they learn to write the Lanna script. These changes occur in only some words, and there are no readily apparent rules to explain the changes....</ref>
<!-- Full quote, replaced by 'condensed' quote above to merge references:
<ref name=Natnapang>{{cite book | author= Natnapang Burutphakdee | others=  Asst. Prof. Dr. Kirk R. Person, adviser   | title= Khon Muang Neu Kap Phasa Muang |trans-title=Attitudes of Northern Thai Youth towards Kammuang and the Lanna Script | url= http://ic.payap.ac.th/graduate/linguistics/theses/Natnapang_Thesis.pdf | format = PDF | access-date= June 8, 2013 | type = M.A. Thesis  | series= Presented at 4th National Symposium on Graduate Research, [[Chiang Mai]], Thailand, August 10–11, 2004 |date= October 2004 | publisher= [[Payap University]] | location= Chiang Mai | at= 3.5.6 The changing pronunciation of the Lanna script and Kammuang &ndash; digital image 82 | quote= As with all languages, the pronunciation of the written and spoken forms changes over time. This is another problem that Kammuang speakers may have when they learn to write the Lanna script. These changes occur in only some words, and there are no readily apparent rules to explain the changes.... |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HFpJw01B?url=http://ic.payap.ac.th/graduate/linguistics/theses/Natnapang_Thesis.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-09}}</ref>
-->

==Rujukan==
* {{cite book
  | last = Khamjan
  | first = Mala
  | script-title = th:พจนานุกรมคำเมือง
  | trans-title = Photchananukrom Kham Mueang
  | title = Kham Mueang Dictionary
  | publisher = Bookworm
  | location = Chiang Mai
  | date = 2008
  | isbn = 978-974-8418-55-1
  | language = th
}}
<!-- For above, want script-author = มาลา คำจันทร์ -->
* {{cite book | author= Natnapang Burutphakdee | others= Asst. Prof. Dr. Kirk R. Person, adviser | title= Khon Muang Neu Kap Phasa Muang | trans-title= Attitudes of Northern Thai Youth towards Kammuang and the Lanna Script | url= http://ic.payap.ac.th/graduate/linguistics/theses/Natnapang_Thesis.pdf | access-date= June 8, 2013 | type= M.A. Thesis | series= Presented at 4th National Symposium on Graduate Research, [[Chiang Mai]], Thailand, August 10–11, 2004 | date= October 2004 | publisher= [[Payap University]] | location= Chiang Mai | archive-url= https://www.webcitation.org/6HFpJw01B?url=http://ic.payap.ac.th/graduate/linguistics/theses/Natnapang_Thesis.pdf | archive-date= 2013-06-09 | url-status= dead }}
* {{cite book
  | last = Rungrueangsi
  | first = Udom (ศาสตราจารย์ ดร.อุดม รุ่งเรืองศรี)
  | script-title = th:พจนานุกรมล้านนา ~ ไทย ฉบับแม่ฟ้าหลวง
  | trans-title = Photchananukrom Lanna ~ Thai, Chabap Maefa Luang
  | title = Lanna-Thai Dictionary, Princess Mother Version
  | publisher = Rongphim Ming Mueang (โรงพิมพ์มิ่งเมือง)
  | location = Chiang Mai
  | date = 2004
  | orig-year = 1991
  | isbn = 974-8359-03-4
  | edition = Revision 1
  | language = th
}}

===Catatan===
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=MFL_pCH>Rungrueangsi 2004, p. ฉ</ref>
<ref name=Li77>{{cite book 
 | last = Li
 | first = Fang Kuei
 | author-link = Li Fang-Kuei
 | title = A Handbook of Comparative Tai
 | publisher = [[University of Hawaii Press|The University Press of Hawaii]]
 | series = [[Oceanic Linguistics]] Special Publications
 | volume = 15
 | date = 1977
 | isbn = 0-8248-0540-2
 | pages = 46, 52
}}</ref>
}}

===Bacaan lanjut===
{{refbegin}}
* Bilmes, J. (1996). ''Problems And Resources In Analyzing Northern Thai Conversation For English Language Readers.'' Journal of Pragmatics, 26(2), 171-188.
* Davis, R. (1970). ''A Northern Thai reader.'' Bangkok: Siam Society.
* Filbeck, D. (1973). ''[https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/30029124?sid=21105110443521&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739136 Pronouns in Northern Thai].'' Anthropological Linguistics, 15(8), 345-361.
* Herington, Jennifer, Margaret Potter, Amy Ryan and Jennifer Simmons (2013). [http://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/53832 Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Thai]. SIL Electronic Survey Reports.
* Howard, K. M. (2009). ''"When Meeting Khun Teacher, Each Time We Should Pay Respect": Standardizing Respect In A Northern Thai Classroom.'' Linguistics and Education, 20(3), 254-272.
* Khankasikam, K. (2012). ''Printed Lanna character recognition by using conway's game of life. ''In ICDIM (pp.&nbsp;104–109).
* Pankhuenkhat, R. (1982). ''The Phonology of the Lanna Language:(a Northern Thai Dialect). ''Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development, Mahidol University.
* Strecker, D. (1979). "A preliminary typology of tone shapes and tonal sound changes in Tai: the La-n N-a A-tones", in ''Studies in Tai and Mon-Khmer Phonetics and Phonology In Honour of Eugénie J.A. Henderson'', ed. T.L. Thongkum et al., pp.&nbsp;171–240. Chulalongkorn University Press.
* Wangsai, Piyawat. (2007). A Comparative Study of Phonological Yong and Northern Thai Language (Kammuang). M.A. thesis. Kasetsart University.
{{refend}}

== Pranala luar ==
* [https://www.bible.com/bible/1907/JHN.1.nodthnt Northern Thai New Testament]. The New Testament in hard copy form was written using two scripts [https://www.amazon.com/Testament-Northern-Language-Parallel-Thailand/dp/6169139625 Amazon link].
*[https://ids.clld.org/contributions/404 Khamuang (Chiang Mai variety)] ([[Intercontinental Dictionary Series]])

{{commons category}}
{{Incubator|code=nod}}
{{Bahasa di Thailand}}
{{Bahasa di Laos}}
{{Daftar sistem penulisan}}
{{Rumpun bahasa Tai-Kadai}}

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