Lihat sumber Lancelet

{{Bukan|Lancelot}}{{Automatic taxobox|name=Lancelet|fossil_range={{Fossil range|Recent|earliest=518}} Kemungkinan catatan [[Kambrium]] dan [[Perem]]|image=Branchiostoma_lanceolatum.jpg|image_caption=''[[Branchiostoma lanceolatum]]''|display_parents=4|grandparent_authority=|parent_authority=[[Ernst Haeckel|Haeckel]], 1866<ref name="Nielsen2012">{{cite journal
  | author=Nielsen, C.
  | date=July 2012
  | title=The authorship of higher chordate taxa
  | journal=Zoologica Scripta
  | volume=41 | issue=4 | pages=435–436
  | doi=10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00536.x
  | s2cid=83266247
 }}
</ref>|taxon=Leptocardii|authority=[[Johannes Peter Müller|Müller]], 1845<ref name="Müller1845" />|synonyms=*Subfilum atau kelas
** Acrania Haeckel, 1866
* Ordo
** Amphioxi Bonaparte, 1846<ref name="Bonaparte1846" />
** Amphioxiformes Berg, 1937<ref name="Fowler1965" />
** Branchiostomiformes Fowler, 1947<ref name="Fowler1947" />
* Famili
** Amphioxidae Gray, 1842<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Anonymous | year = 1842 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/244322 | publisher = G. Woodfall and son | location = British Museum Catalogue | pages = 308 | title = Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum. Forty-fourth Edition| volume = 44th Ed. }}</ref>
** Asymmetrontidae Whitley, 1932<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Whitley | first1 = Gilbert P. | year = 1932 | url = http://biostor.org/reference/102060 | pages = 256–264 | title = The lancelets and lampreys of Australia | journal = Australian Zoologist | volume = 7}}</ref>
** Epigonichthyidae Hubbs, 1922<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Hubbs | first1 = Carl L. | year = 1922 | pages = 1–16 | title = A list of the lancelets of the world with diagnoses of five new species of ''Branchiostoma'' | journal = Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan | volume = 105}}</ref>|subdivision_ranks=Genera|subdivision=*{{extinct}}''[[Cathaymyrus]]''?
* {{extinct}}''[[Palaeobranchiostoma]]''?
* '''Branchiostomatidae''' <small>[[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1846</small><ref name="Bonaparte1846" />
** ''[[Asymmetron]]''
** ''[[Branchiostoma]]''
** ''[[Epigonichthys]]''}}

'''Lancelet''', atau yang juga dikenal sebagai '''aphioxus''' (jamak: '''amphioxi'''), mencakup 30 sampai 35 spesies hewan [[chordata]] [[Hewan penyaring|penyaring]] bentik<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Poss|first1=Stuart G.|last2=Boschung|first2=Herbert T.|date=1996-01-01|title=Lancelets (cephalochordata: Branchiostomattdae): How Many Species Are Valid?|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00212210.1996.10688872|journal=Israel Journal of Zoology|volume=42|issue=sup1|pages=S13–S66|doi=10.1080/00212210.1996.10688872|doi-broken-date=31 January 2024|issn=0021-2210}}</ref> "mirip ikan" pada subfilum '''Cephalochordata''', kelas '''Leptocardii''' dan famili '''Branchiostomatidae'''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Freeborn|first=Michelle|date=2015-01-01|url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58012425|title=The fishes of New Zealand|publisher=Te Papa Press|isbn=978-0-9941041-6-8|editor-last=Roberts|editor-first=Clive Douglas|volume=Two|pages=6|editor-last2=Stewart|editor-first2=Andrew L.|editor-last3=Struthers|editor-first3=Carl D.}}</ref>

Lancelet bercabang dari chordata lainnya saat atau sebelum periode [[Kambrium]]. Sejumlah fosil chordata telah disarankan berkerabat dekat dengan lancelet, termasuk ''[[Pikaia]]'' dan ''[[Cathaymyrus]]'' dari periode Kambrium dan ''Palaeobranchiostoma'' dari periode [[Perem]], namun hubungan dekat mereka dengan lancelet telah diragukan oleh beberapa peneliti lainnya.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Briggs|first1=Derek E.G.|last2=Kear|first2=Amanda J.|date=1993|title=Decay of Branchiostoma: implications for soft-tissue preservation in conodonts and other primitive chordates|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1993.tb01532.x|journal=Lethaia|language=en|volume=26|issue=4|pages=275–287|bibcode=1993Letha..26..275B|doi=10.1111/j.1502-3931.1993.tb01532.x|issn=0024-1164}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Nanglu|first1=Karma|last2=Cole|first2=Selina R.|last3=Wright|first3=David F.|last4=Souto|first4=Camilla|date=February 2023|title=Worms and gills, plates and spines: the evolutionary origins and incredible disparity of deuterostomes revealed by fossils, genes, and development|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12908|journal=Biological Reviews|language=en|volume=98|issue=1|pages=316–351|doi=10.1111/brv.12908|issn=1464-7931|pmid=36257784|s2cid=252995259}}</ref> Analisis [[jam molekuler]] menyarankan bahwa lancelet moderen barangkali berdiversifikasi jauh lebih kini, pada periode [[Kapur (zaman)|Kapur]] atau pada [[Senozoikum]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Qi-Lin|last2=Zhang|first2=Guan-Ling|last3=Yuan|first3=Ming-Long|last4=Dong|first4=Zhi-Xiang|last5=Li|first5=Hong-Wei|last6=Guo|first6=Jun|last7=Wang|first7=Feng|last8=Deng|first8=Xian-Yu|last9=Chen|first9=Jun-Yuan|date=2018-12-18|title=A Phylogenomic Framework and Divergence History of Cephalochordata Amphioxus|journal=Frontiers in Physiology|volume=9|page=1833|doi=10.3389/fphys.2018.01833|issn=1664-042X|pmc=6305399|pmid=30618839|last10=Lin|first10=Lian-Bing|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Igawa2017">{{cite journal|author1=Igawa, T.|author2=M. Nozawa|author3=D.G. Suzuki|author4=J.D. Reimer|author5=A.R. Morov|author6=Y. Wang|author7=Y. Henmi|author8=K. Yasui|year=2017|title=Evolutionary history of the extant amphioxus lineage with shallow-branching diversification|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=7|issue=1|page=1157|bibcode=2017NatSR...7.1157I|doi=10.1038/s41598-017-00786-5|pmc=5430900|pmid=28442709|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

[[Zoolog]] tertarik dalam meneliti mereka karena mereka memberi wawasan evolusioner mengenai asal-usul [[vertebrata]]. Lacelet memiliki banyak organ dan sistem organ yang [[homolog]] dengan ikan moderen, namun dalam wujud yang lebih primitif. Oleh karena itu, mereka beberi sejumlah contoh kemungkinan [[eksaptasi]] evolusioner. Contohnya, celah insang pada lancelet hanya digunakan untuk makan, bukan bernapas. Sistem peredaran darahnya membawa makanan ke seluruh tubuhnya, namun tidak memiliki sel darah merah atau [[hemoglobin]] untuk membawa oksigen. [[Genom]] lancelet memberi petunjuk mengenai evolusi awal vertebrata: dengan membandingkan gen dari lanselet dengan gen yang sama pada vertebrata, ilmuwan dapat mengetahui perubahan pada ekspresi gen, fungsi dan jumlahnya seiring vertebrata berevolusi.<ref>[http://newswise.com/articles/view/541865/ Worm-like Marine Animal Providing Fresh Clues About Human Evolution] Newswise, Retrieved on July 8, 2008.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Holland|first=PWH|date=1992|title=An amphioxus homeobox gene: sequence conservation, spatial expression during development and insights into vertebrate evolution|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(93)90180-p|journal=Development|volume=116|issue=2|pages=653–661|doi=10.1016/0168-9525(93)90180-p|issn=0168-9525|s2cid=7298022}}</ref> Genom beberapa spesies pada genus ''[[Brachiostoma]]'' telah diurutkan: ''B. floridae,''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rokhsar|first1=Daniel S.|last2=Satoh|first2=Nori|last3=Holland|first3=Peter W. H.|last4=Holland|first4=Linda Z.|author-link4=Linda Holland|last5=Fujiyama|first5=Asao|last6=Bronner-Fraser|first6=Marianne|last7=Toyoda|first7=Atsushi|last8=Shin-I|first8=Tadasu|last9=Schmutz|first9=Jeremy|year=2008|title=The amphioxus genome and the evolution of the chordate karyotype|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=453|issue=7198|pages=1064–1071|bibcode=2008Natur.453.1064P|doi=10.1038/nature06967|issn=1476-4687|pmid=18563158|s2cid=4418548|doi-access=free}}</ref> ''B. belcheri'',<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last1=Xu|first1=Anlong|last2=Chen|first2=Shangwu|last3=Dong|first3=Meiling|last4=Wu|first4=Fenfang|last5=Fu|first5=Yonggui|last6=Yuan|first6=Shaochun|last7=You|first7=Leiming|last8=Zhou|first8=Sisi|last9=Qiujin Zhang|date=2014-12-19|title=Decelerated genome evolution in modern vertebrates revealed by analysis of multiple lancelet genomes|journal=Nature Communications|language=en|volume=5|pages=5896|bibcode=2014NatCo...5.5896H|doi=10.1038/ncomms6896|issn=2041-1723|pmc=4284660|pmid=25523484}}</ref> dan ''B. lanceolatum''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Marlétaz|first1=Ferdinand|last2=Firbas|first2=Panos N.|last3=Maeso|first3=Ignacio|last4=Tena|first4=Juan J.|last5=Bogdanovic|first5=Ozren|last6=Perry|first6=Malcolm|last7=Wyatt|first7=Christopher D. R.|last8=de la Calle-Mustienes|first8=Elisa|last9=Bertrand|first9=Stephanie|date=December 2018|title=Amphioxus functional genomics and the origins of vertebrate gene regulation|url=|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=564|issue=7734|pages=64–70|bibcode=2018Natur.564...64M|doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0734-6|issn=1476-4687|pmc=6292497|pmid=30464347|last10=Burguera|first10=Demian|last11=Acemel|first11=Rafael D.}}</ref>

== Referensi ==
<references />
{{Chordata}}{{Taxonbar|from1=Q1156226|from2=Q20722244|from3=Q21286775|from4=Q2747865|from5=Q61882392}}
[[Kategori:Cephalochordata]]