Lihat sumber Perang Dunia II

[[Gambar:Soviet Reichstag.jpg|thumb|350px|Seorang serdadu Tentara Merah Uni Soviet yang mengibarkan bendera Uni Soviet di atas [[Gedung Reichstag]], [[Berlin]]. Gambar ini merupakan simbol berakhirnya Perang Dunia II di [[Eropa]].]]

'''Perang Dunia II''', mulai berkecamuk pada tanggal [[1 September]] [[1939]] sampai tanggal [[14 Agustus]] [[1945]]. Sampai saat ini, perang ini adalah perang yang paling dahsyat pernah terjadi di muka bumi. Kurang lebih 50.000.000 (limapuluh [[juta]]) orang tewas dalam konflik ini.

Secara kasar bisa dikatakan bahwa peperangan mulai pada saat [[invasi]] [[Jerman]] di [[Polandia]] pada tanggal 1 September 1939 dan berakhir pada tanggal 14/15 Agustus ketika [[Jepang]] menyerah kepada tentara [[Amerika Serikat]], meskipun ada yang berpendapat sebenarnya perang ini sudah lebih awal mulai.

Perang berkecamuk di tiga [[benua]] tua: [[Afrika]], [[Asia]] dan [[Eropa]]. Di bawah ini disajikan pertempuran-pertempuran dan peristiwa penting di setiap benua.

==Asia dan Pasifik==
[[Image:US landings.jpg|right|thumbnail|250px|Pendaratan AS di Pasifik, Agustus 1942-Agustus 1945]]

''Artikel utama: [[Perang Pasifik]]''

=== 1937: Perang Sino-Jepang ===
''Artikel utama: [[Perang Sino-Jepang (1937-1945)]]''

Konflik perang mulai di Asia beberapa tahun sebelum pertikaian dimulai di Eropa. Jepang telah [[Perang Sino-Jepang|menginvasi China]] pada [[1931]], jauh sebelum Perang Dunia II dimulai di Eropa. Pada [[1 Maret]], Jepang menunjuk [[Henry Pu Yi]] menjadi raja di [[Manchukuo]], negara boneka di [[Manchuria]]. Pada [[1937]], perang telah dimulai, ketika Jepang mengambil alih [[China]].

Roosevelt menandatangani sebuah perintah [[eksekutif]] yang tidak diterbitkan (rahasia) pada Mei [[1940]] mengijinkan personel militer A.S. untuk mundur dari tugas sehingga mereka dapat berpartisipasi dalam operasi terselubung di China: Grup Sukarelawan Semua, juga dikenal sebagai [[Harimau Terbang]] Chennault. Selama periode tujuh bulan, Harimau Terbang Chennault menghancurkan sekitar 600 pesawat Jepang, menenggelamkan sejumlah kapal Jepang dan memberhentikan invasi Jepang terhadap Burma. Dengan Amerika Serikat dan negara lainnya memotong ekspor ke Jepang, Jepang merencanakan [[serangan terhadap Pearl Harbor]] pada [[7 Desember]] [[1941]] tanpa peringatan deklarasi perang, mengakibatkan kerusakan parah di [[Armada Pasifik]] Amerika. Hari berikutnya, pasukan Jepang tiba di [[Hong Kong]], yang kemudian menyebabkan [[Perang Hong Kong|menyerahnya]] pasukan Inggris pada Hari Natal di kemudian hari di bulan itu.

===1940: Jajahan Perancis Vichy===
Pada [[1940]], Jepang menduduki Indochina Prancis (Vietnam) sesuai persetujuan dengan [[Pemerintahan Vichy]] meskipun Prancis Bebas, dan bergabung dengan kekuatan Axis [[Jerman]] dan [[Italia]]. Aksi ini menguatkan konflik Jepang dengan Amerika Serikat dan Britania Raya yang bereaksi dengan [[boykot]] [[minyak]].

===1941: Pearl Harbor, A.S. turut serta dalam perang, invasi Jepang di Asia Tenggara ===
''Artikel utama: [[Pemboman Pearl Harbor]]''

Pada [[7 Desember]] [[1941]], pesawat Jepang dikomandoi oleh "Vice Admiral" [[Chuichi Nagumo]] melaksanakan serangan udara kejutan terhadap [[Pearl Harbor]], pangkalan angkatan laut A.S. terbesar di Pasifik. Pasukan Jepang menghadapi perlawanan kecil dan menghancurkan pelabuhan tersebut. AS dengan segera mengumumkan perang terhadap Jepang.

Bersamaan dengan serangan terhadap Pearl Harbor, Jepang juga menyerang pangkalan udara A.S. di [[Filipina]]. Setelah serangan ini, Jepang menginvasi Filipina, dan juga Koloni Britania [[Hong Kong]], [[Malaya]], [[Borneo]] dan [[Burma]] dengan maksud menguasai ladang minyak [[Hindia Timur Belanda]]. Seluruh wilayan ini, dan lagi, jatuh ke tangan Jepang dalam waktu bulanan saja. Markas Britania di [[Singapura]] juga [[Perang Singapura|dikuasai]] yang dianggap oleh [[Churchill]] salah satu kekalahan paling memalukan Britania dalam sejarah.

===1942: Invasi Hindia-Belanda===

Penyerbuan ke [[Hindia Belanda]] diawali dengan serangan [[Jepang]] ke [[Labuan]], [[Brunei]], [[Singapura]],Semenanjung Malaya, [[Palembang]], [[Tarakan]] dan [[Balikpapan]] yang merupakan daerah daerah sumber minyak. Jepang sengaja mengambil taktik tersebut sebagai taktik [[gurita]] yang bertujuan mengisolasi kekuatan Hindia Belanda dan Sekutunya yang tergabung dalam front ABDA (America ([[Amerika Serikat]]), British ([[Inggris]]), Dutch ([[Belanda]]), [[Australia]]) yang berkedudukan di [[Bandung]]. Dimana serangan serangan itu mengakibatkan kehancuran pada armada laut ABDA khususnya Australia dan Belanda.

Sejak peristiwa ini, Sekutu akhirnya memindahkan basis pertahanannya ke Australia meskipun demikian sekutu masih mempertahankan beberapa kekuatannya di Hindia Belanda agar tidak membuat Hindia Belanda merasa ditinggalkan dalam pertempuran ini.

Jepang mengadakan serangan laut besar besaran ke [[Pulau Jawa]] pada bulan Februari-Maret 1942 dimana terjadi [[Pertempuran Laut Jawa]] antara armada laut Jepang melawan armada gabungan yang dipimpin oleh Laksamana [[Karel Doorman]]. Armada Gabungan sekutu kalah dan Karel Doorman gugur.

Jepang menyerbu [[Batavia]] ([[Jakarta]]) yang akhirnya dinyatakan sebagai kota terbuka, kemudian terus menembus [[Subang]] dan berhasil menembus garis pertahanan [[Lembang]]-[[Ciater]], kota Bandung yang menjadi pusat pertahanan Sekutu-Hindia Belanda terancam.Sementara di front Jawa Timur, tentara Jepang berhasil menyerang [[Surabaya]] sehingga kekuatan Belanda ditarik sampai garis pertahanan [[Porong]].

Torancamnya kota Bandung yang menjadi pusat pertahanan dan pengungsian membuat panglima Hindia Belanda Letnan Jendral [[Ter Poorten]] mengambil inisiatif mengadakan perdamaian. Kemudian diadakannya perundingan antara Tentara Jepang yang dipimpin oleh jendral [[Hitoshi Imamura]] dengan pihak Belanda yang diwakili Letnan Jendral Ter Poorten dan Gubernur Jendral [[jhr A.W.L. Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer]]. Pada Awalnya Belanda bermaksud menyerahkan kota Bandung namun tidak mengadakan [[kapitulasi]] atau penyerahan kekuasaan Hindia Belanda kepada Pihak Jepang. Pada saat itu posisi Panglima tertinggi angkatan perang Hindia Belanda tidak lagi berada pada Gubernur Jendral namun diserahkan kepada Ter Poorten sehingga dilain waktu Belanda menganggap bahwa kedudukan di Hindia Belanda masih tetap sah dilanjutkan. Namun setelah Jepang mengancam akan mengebom kota Bandung akhirnya Jendral Ter Poorten setuju untuk menyerah tanpa syarat kepada Jepang.

===1942: Laut Coral, Port Moresby, Midway, Guadalcanal===
Pada Mei [[1942]], serangan laut terhadap [[Port Moresby]], [[New Guinea]] ditolak oleh pasukan Sekutu dalam [[Perang Laut Coral]]. Kalau saja penguasaan Port Moresby berhasil, Angkatan Laut Jepang dapat juga menyerang [[Australia]]. Ini merupakan perlawanan pertama yang berhasil terhadap rencana Jepang dan pertarungan laut pertama yang hanya menggunakan [[kapal induk]]. Sebulan kemudian invasi [[Perang Midway|Pulau Midway]] dicegah, menyebabkan kehilangan empat kapal induk, yang industri Jepang tidak dapat menggantikannya. Angkatan Laut Jepang kini dalam posisi bertahan.

Namun, dalam bulan Juli penyerangan darat terhadap Port Moresby dijalankan melalui [[Track Kokoda]] yang kasar. Di sini bertemu dengan pasukan cadangan Australia, banyak dari mereka masih muda dan tak terlatih, menjalankan aksi perang keras kepala jaga belakang sampai tibanya pasukan reguler Australia dari aksi di [[Kampanye Afrika Utara|Afrika Utara]], [[Mesir]] dan [[Timur Tengah]]. 

Para pemimpin Sekutu telah setuju mengalahkan [[Nazi Jerman]] adalah prioritas utama masuknya Amerika ke dalam perang. Namun pasukan AS dan Australia mulai menyerang wilayah yang telah jatuh, mulai dari [[Perang Guadalcanal|Pulau Guadalcanal]], melawan tentara Jepang yang bertahan kukuh dan "bitter". Pada [[7 Agustus]] [[1942]] pulau tersebut diserang oleh [[Amerika Serikat]]. Pada akhir Agustus dan awal September, selagi perang berkecamuk di Guadalcanal, sebuah serangan amfibi Jepang di timur New Guinea ditentang oleh pasukan Australia dalam [[Perang Teluk Milne|Teluk Milne]], dan pasukan darat Jepang  menderita kekalahan penyimpulan pertama. Di Guadalcanal, pertahanan Jepang gagal pada Februari [[1943]].

<!--
===1943: New Guinea, perang kapal selam ===
Exhausted Australian and US forces then strove to retake the occupied parts of [[New Guinea]] and the Dutch East Indies, experiencing some of the toughest resistance of the Pacific Theatre. The rest of the [[Solomon Islands]] were retaken in [[1943]], [[New Britain]] and [[New Ireland]] in [[1944]]. The Philippines were attacked in late 1944 following the [[Battle of Leyte Gulf]].

US and Allied submarines and aircraft also attacked Japanese merchant shipping, depriving Japan's industry of the raw materials it had gone to war to obtain. The effectiveness of this stranglehold increased as the U.S. captured islands closer to the Japanese mainland.

The Nationalist [[Kuomintang]] Army under [[Chiang Kai-shek]] and the [[Communist Party of China|Communist]] Chinese Army under [[Mao Zedong]] both opposed the Japanese occupation of China, but never truly allied against the Japanese. Conflict between Nationalist and Communist forces continued after and, to an extent, even during the war.

The Japanese captured most of [[Burma Campaign|Burma]] severing the [[Burma Road]] by which the Western Allies had been supplying the Chinese Nationalists. This forced the Allies to create a large sustained airlift of the war known as [[the Hump]]. [[Northern Combat Area Command|US lead and trained]] Chinese divisions, a few thousand US ground forces and a British Division, cleared the Japanese forces from northern Burma so that the [[Ledo Road]] could be built to replace the Burma Road. Further south the main Japanese army in the [[South-East Asian Theatre of World War II|theater]] were fought to a standstill on the Burma India frontier by the [[British Fourteenth Army]] (the "forgotten" army) which then counter-attacked and having recaptured all of Burma was planning attacks towards Malaya when the war ended.

===1945: Iwo Jima, Okinawa, atomic bombings, Japan surrenders===
[[Image:MissouriSurrender.jpg|right|thumbnail|250px|Japan formally surrenders aboard the USS ''Missouri'' in Tokyo Bay]]
Capture by the Allies of islands such as [[Battle of Iwo Jima|Iwo Jima]] and [[Battle of Okinawa|Okinawa]] close to Japan brought the homeland within range of naval and air attacks, [[Tokyo]] was [[Bombing of Tokyo in World War II|firebombed]] and later on [[6 August]] [[1945]] an [[atomic bomb]], the "[[Little Boy]]", was dropped from the B-29 "Enola Gay" and [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|destroyed]] [[Hiroshima]]. On [[8 August]] [[1945]] the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, as had been agreed to at Yalta, and launched a large scale invasion of Japanese occupied Manchuria (operation [[August Storm]]).
On [[August 9]], in [[Nagasaki]], another atom bomb, "[[Fat Man]]" was dropped by the B-29 "Bock's Car".

The combination of the use of [[nuclear weapons]] and the new inclusion of the [[Soviet Union]] in the war were both highly responsible for the surrender of [[Japan]], although the importance of the [[Soviet]] incursion has been largely overlooked in conventional American histories of the conflict.

The Japanese surrendered on [[August 14]] [[1945]], signing official surrender papers on [[September 2]] [[1945]] aboard the [[USS Missouri (BB-63)|USS ''Missouri'']] in Tokyo Bay.
-->

==Afrika dan Timur Tengah==
{{terjemah|bahasa=Inggris}}
===1940: Egypt and Somaliland===
The [[North African Campaign]] began in [[1940]], when small British forces in [[Egypt]] turned back an Italian advance from [[Libya]]. This advance was stopped in [[1941]] when German forces under [[Erwin Rommel]] landed in Libya.

===1941: Syria, Lebanon, Afrika Korps to Tobruk===
In [[June]] [[1941]] the [[Australian Army]] and allied forces invaded [[Syria]] and [[Lebanon]], capturing [[Damascus]] on [[17 June]]. Rommel's [[Afrika Korps]] advanced rapidly eastward, laying siege to the vital seaport of [[Tobruk]]. The Australian and British troops in the city resisted all until relieved, but a renewed Axis offensive captured the city and drove the Eighth Army back to a line at [[El Alamein]].

===1942: First and Second Battles of El Alamein, Operation Torch===
The [[First Battle of El Alamein]] took place between [[July 1]] and [[July 27]], [[1942]]. German forces had advanced to the last defensible point before [[Alexandria]] and the [[Suez Canal]]. However they had outrun their supplies, and a British and Commonwealth defense stopped their thrusts. The [[Second Battle of El Alamein]] occurred between [[October 23]] and [[November 3]], [[1942]] after [[Bernard Montgomery]] had replaced [[Claude Auchinleck]] as commander of the Eighth Army. Rommel, the brilliant german commander of the Afrika Corps, known as the "Desert Fox", was absent for this epic battle, because he was recovering from jandice back in Europe.  Who knows what would have happened if he had been present.  We can only assume with the British decoder Ultra, that Montgomery knew Rommmel was absent.  Commonwealth forces took the offensive, and though the British lost more tanks then the Germans began the battle with, Montgomery was ultimately triumphed over the, at first slightly hesitant without their leader, German officers. The western allies had the advantage of being close to their supplies during the battle.  In addition, Rommel was getting little or no help by this time in the war from the struggling Luftwaffe, which was now more tasked with defending Western European air space, and fighting the Soviet Union, then providing Rommel with support in North Africa. After the german defeat at El Alamein, Rommel made a brilliant strategic withdrawal.  Many historians feel Rommel's succesful startegic withdrawal of the Africa Corps from Egypt, was more impressive then his earlier victories, including Tobruk, because he managed to get his whole force back intact, against the overwhelming air superiority, and numbers of the British now reinforced by the Americans.  

To complement this victory, on [[8 November]] [[1942]], American and British troops landed in [[Morocco]] and [[Algeria]] in [[Operation Torch]]. The local forces of [[Vichy France]] put up limited resistance before joining the Allied cause.  Rommel's Africa Corps was not being supplied adequately because of the loss of  transport shipments by the British Royal Navy and Air Force in the Mediteranian.  This lack of supplies and no air force to speek of, destroyed any chance of large offensive capabilites for the Germans in Afirca.  Ultimately German and Italian forces were caught in the pincers of a twin advance from [[Algeria]] and Libya.  The withdrawing Germans continued to put up stiff defense, and  Rommel defeated the American forces decisviely, at the "Battle of the Kasserine Pass" before finishing his strategic withdrawal back to the meager german supply chain.  Inevitably, advancing from both the east and west, the Allies finally defeated the German Afrika Corps on [[May 13]], [[1943]].

==Eropa dan Rusia (Uni Soviet)==
* [[Invasi Polandia]], 1 September 1939
* [[Battle of Britain]], Perang Udara antara AU Jerman ''[[Luftwaffe]]'' melawan AU Inggris ''[[Royal Air Force]]'' 1940
* Perang Musim Dingin, invasi [[Finlandia]] dilakukan oleh Uni Soviet, [[30 November]] [[1939]]
* Operasi ''Fall Gelb'', invasi [[Benelux]] dan [[Perancis]] dilakukan oleh [[Jerman]], [[10 April]] [[1940]]
* [[Operasi Barbarossa]], invasi Uni Soviet dilakukan oleh Jerman
* [[Pertempuran Stalingrad]]
* [[Invasi Normandia]] (''D-Day''), invasi di [[Perancis]] oleh pasukan [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Britania Raya|Inggris]], 1944

== Lihat pula ==
* [[Perang Dunia I]]
* [[Perang dunia]]
* [[Perang Dunia III]]
* [[Garis Curzon]]
* [[Garis Maginot]]

==Pranala luar==
* [[En:World War II|World War II]] (dari English Wikipedia)
* [http://www.worldwar2database.com/ World War II Multimedia Database] - rekaman-rekaman gambar, suara, dan film pada Perang Dunia II
* [http://www.awesomestories.com/ AwesomeStories.com]:
** [http://www.awesomestories.com/movies/stories/pearl_harbor/pearl_harbor_ch1.htm Pearl Harbor: A Guide to Primary Sources]
** [http://www.awesomestories.com/history/stories/battle_stalingrad/battle_stalingrad_ch1.htm Stalingrad: Deadliest Battle of World War II]
** [http://www.awesomestories.com/history/normandy_invasion/normandy_invasion_ch1.htm Normandy Invasion: The Story of D-Day]
** [http://www.awesomestories.com/history/stories/auschwitz_place/auschwitz_place_ch1.htm Auschwitz: Place of Horrors]
** [http://www.awesomestories.com/history/stories/holocaust_evidence/holocaust_evidence_ch1.htm The Holocaust: Evidence of Intent]
** [http://www.awesomestories.com/history/stories/forgotten_posters/forgotten_posters_ch1.htm America in World War II: The Forgotten Posters] - poster-poster propaganda pada Perang Dunia II


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[[category:Perang Dunia II]]
[[kategori:Perang|Dunia II, Perang]]

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