Lihat sumber Hebron

{{terjemah|Inggris}}
[[Berkas:Deserted Old City Market (Hebron).jpg|thumb|250px|Pasar yang paling sepi di kota lama.]]

[[Berkas:Israeli soldiers on Palestine street.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Tentara-tentara Israel di Hebron, 2004]]

'''Hebron''' ([[bahasa Arab]] {{Audio|ArHebron.ogg|'''الخليل'''}} '''al-Ḫalīl''' atau '''al Khalīl''' [[bahasa Ibrani]] {{Audio|He-Hebron.ogg|'''חֶבְרוֹן'''}}, [[Ibrani Standar]] '''Ḥevron''', [[Ibrani Tiberias]] '''Ḥeḇrôn''') adalah sebuah kota di wilayah [[Yudea]] selatan di [[Tepi Barat]]. Di kota ini tinggal sekitar 120.000 orang [[Palestina]] dan 600 orang [[pemukiman Israel|pemukim Israel]],<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4325035.stm Two Israeli troops shot in Hebron]" - ''[[BBC]]'', 3 Juli 2005</ref> dengan sekitar 7.000 orang [[Yahudi]] tinggal di [[Dewan setempat (Israel)|kota]] [[Kiryat Arba]] di dekatnya. Hebron terletak 930 m di atas [[permukaan laut]].

Nama "Hebron" berasal dari nama bahasa Ibrani untuk kota ini, yang aslinya berasal dari kata חבר (''habar'' 598), yang artinya "dipersatukan, digabungkan, dipertautkan." Nama "Hebron" dapat ditelusuri ke akarnya yang sama dengan "''Heber''."<ref>[http://www.abarim-publications.com/Arie/Names/Hebron.html]</ref> 

Dalam bahasa Arab, "إبراهيم الخليل" berarti "Ibrahim, sang sahabat," yang menunjukkan bahwa, menurut ajaran [[Islam]], [[Allah]] memilih [[Ibrahim]] ([[Abraham]]) sebagai sahabat-Nya.<ref>[[Qur'an]]—{{Quran-usc|4|125}} وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ دِينًا مِّمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ وَجْهَهُ لله وَهُوَ مُحْسِنٌ واتَّبَعَ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَاتَّخَذَ اللّهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلاً
</ref>

Hebron terletak 30 km di selatan [[Yerusalem]]. Kota ini terkenal karena [[anggur]], [[batu kapur]], bengkel-bengkel [[keramik]] dan pabrik [[gelas tiup]]. Hebron juga merupakan lokasi pabrik produk susu yang besar, Al-Juneidi. Kota lama Hebron dicirikan oleh jalan-jalannya yang sempit dan berbelok-belok, rumah-rumah batu beratap datar, dan [[pasar]]-pasar (bazaar) lamanya. Di kota ini juga terdapat [[Universitas Hebron]] dan [http://www.ppu.edu Universitas Politeknik Palestina]. 

Situs bersejarah paling terkenal di Hebron terletak di [[Makam para Leluhur]] atau [[Gua Makhpela]] (bahasa Ibrani: מערת המכפלה, atau Me'arat ha-Machpelah; bahasa Arab: الحرم الإبراهيمي, atau al-Haram al-Ibrahimi, "tempat suci Abraham"). Situs ini suci bagi ketiga agama [[Abrahamik]]: [[Yudaisme]], [[Kristen]], dan [[Islam]]. Menurut ''[[Kitab Kejadian]]'', [[Abraham]] membeli gua itu dan tanah di sekelilingnya untuk mengebumikan istrinya [[Sarah]]. Orang [[Yahudi]] percaya bahwa [[Abraham]], [[Sarah]], [[Ishak]], [[Ribkah]], [[Yakub]] dan [[Lea]] dimakamkan di gua ini (leluhur yang lainnya, [[Rahel]], dimakamkan di luar [[Betlehem]]). Karena alasan ini, orang Yahudi juga menyebut kota ini "Kota para Leluhur," dan merupakan salah satu dari empat kota paling suci dalam Yudaisme (bersama-sama dengan [[Yerusalem]], [[Tiberias]] dan [[Tzfat]]). Gua itu sendiri adalah tempat tersuci kedua dalam Yudaisme. Sepanjang sejarah di sini telah dibangun [[gereja]], [[sinagoga]] dan [[masjid]] (lihat "Sejarah," bawah). Aula Ishak kini menjadi [[Masjid Ibrahimi]], sementara Aula Abraham dan Aula Yakub berfungsi sebagai sinagoga Yahudi.

<!--== History ==
=== Ancient period ===
Hebron is one of the most ancient cities in the [[Middle East]], and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Hebron was an ancient [[Canaan|Canaanite]] royal city,  which according to archaeological findings was probably founded in the [[35th century BC|35th century BCE]], and mentioned in the Bible as existing during the [[18th century BC|18th century BCE]]. 

Hebron is mentioned as being formerly called [[Kiryat Arba|Kirjath-arba]], before being conquered by [[Joshua]] and the [[Israelites]] (Joshua 14). Hebron became one of the principal centers of the [[Tribe of Judah]], and the Judahite [[David]] was anointed King of [[Israel]] in Hebron and reigned in the city until the capture of [[Jerusalem]], when the capital of the [[Kingdom of Israel]] was moved to that city. Jar handle stamps bearing Hebrew letters dating from 700 BCE, the oldest known inscription naming the city, have been found in Hebron (see [[LMLK seal]]). 

After the destruction of the [[First Temple]], most of the Jewish inhabitants of Hebron were exiled and their place was taken by [[Edomites]] at about [[587 BCE]]. [[Herod the Great]] built the wall which still surrounds the [[Cave of Machpelah]]. During the first war against the Romans, Hebron was conquered by [[Simon Bar Giora]], the leader of the [[Sicarii]]. Eventually it became part of the [[Byzantine Empire]].  The [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Justinian I]] erected a Christian church over the Cave of Machpelah in the [[6th century|6th century CE]] which was later destroyed by the [[Sassanid]]s.

=== Medieval period ===
The [[Islamic Caliphate]] established rule over Hebron without resistance in [[638]]. During this period, Muslims converted the Byzantine church at the site of Abraham's tomb into a mosque.  Trade greatly expanded, in particular with [[bedouin]]s in the Negev and the population to the east of the Dead Sea. Both Muslim and Christian sources note that [[Umar]] allowed Jews to build a synagogue and burial ground near the cave of Machpelah.  In the 9th Century, Zedakah b. Shomron, a [[Karaite]] scholar, wrote about a permanent Jewish presence, and a Jewish man was described as the "keeper of the cave".   El Makdesi, an Arab historian, described "a synagogue and central kitchen which the Jews had set up for all the pilgrims rich and poor" at the turn of the century.

Arab rule lasted until 1099, when the Christian [[Crusade|Crusader]] [[Godfrey de Bouillon]] took Hebron in 1099 and renamed it "Castellion Saint Abraham". The Crusaders converted the mosque and the synagogue into a church and expelled Jews living there.  Towards the end of the period of Crusader rule, in 1166 [[Maimonides]] was able to visit Hebron and wrote, "And on the first day of the week, the ninth day of the month of Marheshvan, I left Jerusalem for Hebron to kiss the graves of my forefathers in the Cave of Makhpela. And on that very day, I stood in the cave and I prayed, praised be God for everything."  

[[Berkas:Maimonides-2.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Maimonides]] established a yearly holiday for himself and his sons, the 9th of [[Cheshvan]], commemorating the day he merited to pray at the [[Cave of the Patriarchs]]]]
The Kurdish Muslim [[Saladin|Salaḥ ed-Dīn]] took Hebron in [[1187]], and changed the name of the city back to "Hebron".  [[Richard I of England|Richard the Lionheart]] subsequently took the city soon after.

In 1260, [[Baybars|al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari]] established [[Mamluk]] rule; the minarets were built onto the structure of the Cave of Machpelah/Ibrahami Mosque at that time.   During this period, a small Jewish community continued to live in Hebron; however, the climate was less tolerant of Jews (and Christians) than it had been under prior Islamic rule.   Jews wishing to visit the tomb were often taxed, and in 1266 a decree was established barring Jews and Christians from entering the Tomb of the Patriarchs; they were only allowed to climb up to a a certain step outside the Eastern wall.  Sir John Mondeville wrote that the Jews and Christians were "treated like dogs."  Many Jewish and Christian visitors wrote about the community, among them a student of [[Nachmanides]] (1270), Rabbi [[Ishtori Haparchi]] (1322), [[Stephen von Gumfenberg]] (1449), [[Rabbi Meshulam]] from Voltara (1481) and Rabbi [[Ovadia Bartenura]], a famous biblical commentator (1489).  An account from [[Hakham Yishak Hilo]] of Larissa (Greece), who arrived in Hebron and observed Jews working in the cotton trade and glassworks. He noted that in Hebron there was an, "Ancient synagogue in which they prayed day and night in 1333.

=== Ottoman rule ===
Throughout the [[Ottoman Empire]] rule, (1517-1917), groups of Jews from other parts of the Land of Israel, and exiles from Spain and other parts of the diaspora and settled there.  Hebron at this time became a center of Jewish learning.  In 1540 Rabbi [[Malkiel Ashkenazi]] bought a courtyard and established the [[Abraham Avinu Synagogue]].  In 1807, the Jewish community purchased a 5-dunam plot upon which the city's wholesale market stands today. Another pogrom took place in 1834. In [[1831]], [[Ibrahim Pasha]] of Egypt took over Hebron until [[1840]].

=== Under the British mandate ===
In December 1917 and during [[World War I]], the British occupied Hebron. In 1929, Arabs killed 67 Jews and wounded 60, and Jewish homes and synagogues were ransacked in the anti-Jewish [[1929 Hebron massacre]]. Two years later, 35 families moved back into the ruins of the Jewish quarter, but after further riots, the British Government decided to move all Jews out of Hebron "to prevent another massacre". Hebron remained as a part of the British mandate until [[1948]].

=== Jordanian rule ===   
Following the creation of the State of Israel in 1948, [[Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan|Jordan]] took over the control of Hebron and the rest of the [[West Bank]]. During this time, Israelis were not allowed to enter the West Bank. During this time, the Jewish Quarter was destroyed, Jewish cemeteries were desecrated<ref>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/destoc.html Jordan’s Desecration of Jerusalem]</ref>, 58 synagogues were destroyed <ref>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/arabs/jordanresolution.html]</ref> and an animal pen was built on the ruins of the [[Abraham Avinu Synagogue]].

=== Israeli rule ===
After the [[Six Day War]], in June [[1967]], Hebron and the rest of the West Bank came under Israeli control (See [[Israeli-occupied territories]]). 

In 1969, a group of Jewish settlers began to reside in the city, though a government compromise soon focused the Jewish presence to the east in the new [[Israeli settlement|settlement]] of [[Kiryat Arba]]. Beginning in 1979, Jewish settlers moved from Kiryat Arba to the old [[Avraham Avinu]] neighborhood, and later to other Hebron neighborhoods including [[Tel Rumeida]].

==== Post Oslo Accord ====
[[Berkas:Idf soldiers in hebron 2000.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Israeli Police and Army personnel in Hebron, November 2000]]

[[Berkas:Palestinian boys hebron 2000.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Palestinian boys throw stones at [[Israel Defense Forces]] in Hebron, November 2000]]

Since early [[1997]] the city has been divided into two sectors: H1 and H2. The H1 sector, home to around 120,000 Palestinians, came under the control of the [[Palestinian Authority]], in accordance with Hebron Protocol.<ref>[http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/c7d7b824004ff5c585256ae700543ebc?OpenDocument UNISPAL. PLO/Palestine - Israel. Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron] 
17 January 1997</ref> H2, which was inhabited by around 30,000 Palestinians, remained under Israeli control due to the presence of around 500 Jewish Israeli settlers living in an enclave near the center of the town. During the last five years, the Palestinian population in H2 has decreased by 20,000 and the current figures show that only around 10,000 Palestinians continue to live in this sector. This has been attributed to continued harassment of the Palestinians by the settlers, as well as extended curfews and restrictions placed on Palestinian residents of the sector by the IDF.<ref>[http://www.gracecathedral.org/enrichment/hebron/ Peacemakers in Hebron] by Kaliya Young ([[Christian Peacemaker Teams]])</ref><ref>[http://www.cpt.org/hebron/levin/levin_28.htm From The Inside Looking Out. Report #28 - While You Were Gone Episode II] by Jerry Levin. December 19, 2003</ref><ref>[http://www.btselem.org/English/Publications/Summaries/200308_Hebron_Area_H2.asp Hebron, Area H-2: Settlements Cause Mass Departure of Palestinians] by B'Tselem, the Israeli information Center for Human Rights. August 2003</ref>

Funds from Arab nations earmarked for the reconstruction of homes in Hebron destroyed by Israeli bulldozers during the second intifada was reported to have reached PA leaders close to [[Yasser Arafat]] rather than the intended recipients.<ref>[http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=countries&Area=palestinian&ID=SP39002]</ref>

In [[1994]], an Israeli Jewish settler [[Baruch Goldstein]] opened fire on Muslims at prayer in the [[Mosque of Abraham massacre|Ibrahimi Mosque]], killing 29. This event was condemned by the Israeli Government and polled Israelis. Israel banned the right-wing [[Kach]] movement as a result. 

A year later, the Mayor of Hebron invited the Christian Peacemaker Teams to assist them the local Palestinian community in opposition to what they describe as Israeli military occupation, collective punishment, settler harassment, home demolitions and land confiscation.<ref>[http://www.cpt.org/publications/history.php CPT Presence in Hebron]</ref> They have maintained a presence in the community despite attacks against them, the most noted being in 2004 when two corps members, Kimberly Lamberty and Christopher Brown were attacked while walking Palestinian Children to school [http://www.sfcg.org/articles/westbank.pdf Washington Post account]. Accounts of the CPT presence can be found in Art Gish's "Hebron Journal."

The UN subsequently established an international unarmed observer force - the [[Temporary International Presence in Hebron]] (TIPH) to maintain a buffer between the Palestinian Arab population of the city and the Jews residing in their enclave in the old city. On February 8, [[2006]], TIPH temporarily left Hebron after attacks on their headquarters by some Palestinians angered by the [[Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy]].

== Demographics thoroughout history ==

{| class="wikitable" 
!Year
!Muslims
!Christians
!Jews
!Total
!Notes
|-
! 1538
| 749 h
| 7 h
| 20 h
| 776 h
| (h = households) Source: Cohen & Lewis
|-
! 1817
| 
| 
| 500
|
| <ref name=JVL>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/hebron.html Jewish Virtual Library]</ref> 
|- 
!1838
| 
| 
| 700
|
| <ref name=JVL/>
|-
! 1837
| 
| 
| 423
| 
| Montefiore census
|-
! 1866
| 
| 
| 497
| 
| Montefiore census
|-
! 1922
| 16,074
| 73
| 430
| 16,577
| British Mandate Census
|-
!1929
|
|
|700
|
|<ref name=JVL>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/hebron.html Jewish Virtual Library]</ref>
|-
!1930
|
|
|0
|
|<ref name=JVL>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/hebron.html Jewish Virtual Library]</ref>
|-
! 1931
| 17,275
| 112
| 135
| 17,522
| British Mandate Census
|-
! 1944
| 24,400
| 150
| 0
| 24,550
| Estimate
|-
! 1967
| 38,203
| 106
| 0
| 38,309
| Census
|-
! 1997
| 130,000
| 3
| 530
| 130,533
| <ref name=JVL/>
|}

Post-1967 data does not include the Jewish community of [[Kiryat Arba]], which neighbors Hebron but is not technically part of it, and which has 6500 Jewish residents.
== Controversy: Jewish settlement after 1967 ==
[[Berkas:HebronStar.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Star of David]] carved above entrance to a home in the old city of Hebron.<ref name=cpt1/> <ref name=cpt2/>]]

Following the [[Six-Day War]] of [[1967]], a group of Jews disguised as tourists, led by [[Rabbi]] [[Moshe Levinger]], took over the main hotel in Hebron and refused to leave. They later moved to a nearby abandoned army camp and established the settlement of [[Kiryat Arba]]. In [[1979]], Levinger's wife led 30 Jewish women to take over the Daboya Hospital (Beit Hadassah) in central Hebron. Before long this received Israeli government approval and further Jewish enclaves in the city were established with army assistance. This process of expansion of the Jewish presence is continuing and there are now more than 20 Jewish settlements in and around the city. 

Jews living in these settlements and their supporters claim that they are resettling areas where Jews have lived since time immemorial, for example citing the [[Star of David]] (see photo) carved in the keystone above some of the doorways in the old city.<ref name=cpt1> Christian Peacemaking Teams. [http://www.cpt.org/archives/2004/jul04/0032.html HEBRON UPDATE: July 11-16, 2004], 2004-7-26. Retrieved on 2006-11-13.</ref> <ref name=cpt2> Christian Peacemaking Teams. [http://www.cpt.org/archives/2004/sep04/0000.html HEBRON UPDATE: August 17-23, 2004], 2004-9-1. Retrieved on 2006-11-13.</ref> However, some reports, both foreign and Israeli are sharply critical of the settlers. <ref name=BG>The Boston Globe. [http://www.globalexchange.org/countries/palestine/293.html A top Israeli Says Settlers Incited Riot In Hebron] 2002-7-31. Retrieved on 2006-11-13. (was [http://www.boston.com/dailyglobe2/212/nation/A_top_Israeli_says_settlers_incited_riot_in_Hebron.shtml here])</ref> <ref name=sct>The Scotsman. "[http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/international.cfm?id=820752002 Settlers’ revenge leaves Hebron bleeding]", 2002-7-30. Retrieved on 2006-11-13.</ref>

The sentiments of Jews who fled the [[1929 Hebron massacre]] and their descendants are mixed. Some advocate the continued settlement of Hebron as a way to continue the Jewish heritage in the city, while others suggest that settlers should try to live in peace with the Arabs there, with some even recommending the complete pullout of all settlers in Hebron.<ref name=jpt>Jerusalem Post. "[http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?apage=1&cid=1145961357122&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull Field News 10/2/2002 Hebron Jews' offspring divided over city's fate]", 2006-05-16. Retrieved on 2006-07-28.</ref> Descendants supporting the latter views have even gone as far as to meet with Palestinian leaders in Hebron.<ref name=agf>Philadelphia Inquirer. "[http://www.angelfire.com/il/FourMothers/Yona.html Hebron descendants decry actions of current settlers They are kin of the Jews ousted in 1929]", 1997-03-03. Retrieved on 2006-07-28.</ref> The two most public examples of the descendants' views are the [[1997]] statement made by an association comprised of some descendants dissociating themselves from the then-current Jewish settlers in Hebron and calling them an obstacle to peace.<ref name=agf/>, and the [[May 15]], [[2006]] letter sent to the Israeli government by other descendants urging the government to continue its support of Jewish settlement in Hebron, in their names and urged it to allow the return of eight Jewish families evacuated last January from the homes they set up in empty shops near the Avraham Avinu neighborhood.<ref name=jpt/>

== Cultural, historical and sporting landmarks ==
Adjacent to the municipality building, Hebron archaeological museum has a collection of artifacts from the Cannanite to the Islamic periods. The Oak Of [[Abraham]], also called Oak of Mamre is an ancient oak tree which marks the place where according to tradition Abraham pitched his tent. It is estimated that this oak is approximately 5000 years old. The Russian Orthodox Church owns the site and the nearby monastery. Other notable sites are The Well of Abraham and the tombs of [[Abner|Abner ben Ner]] (the commander of [[Saul]] and [[David]]'s army), [[Ruth]] and [[Jesse]].

== Bahasa dan aksen ==
Palestinian Hebronites are known amongst the Levant for their distinguished colloquial Arabic accent. Hebronites speak while stretching their words giving it a long musical sound.-->

== Tokoh terkemuka yang berhubungan dengan Hebron ==
<!--* [http://www.virtual-palestine.org/westbank/hebron/katalo.htm Yousef H. Katalo, Artist.]
* [http://www.palestine-art.com/artists/Hasan_Hourani.html Hasan Hourani, Artist.]
* [http://www.sakakini.org/visualarts/hourani.htm Khaled Hourani, Artist.]
* [http://www.sakakini.org/visualarts/bader.htm Issam Bader, Artist.]
* [http://www.passia.org/images/personalities/Jaabari-Mohamad-Ali/Ali-2.htm Sheikh Mohammed Ali, Mayor of Hebron from 1948-76.]
* [http://about.reuters.com/aboutus/editorial/mazendana/ Mazen Dana, Journalist.] 
* [http://www.abas-zaki.org/ Abas Zaki, Politician].
* [[Abraham]], who made his home here
* [[King David]]
* [[Abner|Avner Ben-Ner]], commander-in-chief of [[Saul]]'s (and for some time [[David]]'s) army. His tomb is still accessed in Hebron.
* [[Abraham Azulai]] (c.[[1570]]-[[1643]]) rabbi, [[Kabbalistic]] author and commentator, buried in Hebron's ancient Jewish cemetery.
* [[Malkiel Ashkenazi]], leader of Sephardic Jewish Community of Hebron, 16th Century-->
* [[Eliyahu di Vidas]], Kabalis Abad Pertengahan 
* Rabi [[Haim Bajaio]], pembeli tanah di Hebron antara 1807-1811 [http://www.israelnationalnews.com/article.php3?id=5725]
* Rabi [[Chaim Hezekiah Medini]], rabi kepala dari 1891-1904
* Ben Zion Gershon, Rabi Hanoch Hason, Rabi Yosef Kastel dan Eliezer Dan Silonim dibunuh bersama kelaurga mereka pada [[Pembantaian Hebron 1929]]
* [[Baruch Goldstein]], pembunuh massal
* [[Avraham Shmulevich]] ("Bead Artseinu"), aktivis, politikus 
* [[Noam Federman]]
* [[David Wilder (jurubicara Hebron)|David Wilder]] - [http://www.freeman.org/m_online/wildera.htm Spokesman, Komunitas Yahudi Hebron]
* Rabi [[Moshe Levinger]], perintis Komunitas Yahudi kontemporer ([[yishuv]] yang baru).
* Rabi [[Dov Lior]], rabi [[Kiryat Arba]]
* [[Shalhevet Pass]], korban pembunuhan 

== Lihat pula ==
* [[Meterai LMLK]] (prasasti tertua yang menamai kota ini berasal dari tahun 700 SM bila HBRN=Hebron)
* [[Konflik Israel-Palestina]]
* [[Kehadiran Internasional Sementara di Hebron]]
* [[Kerusuhan di Palestina, 1929]]
* [[Intifada Al-Aqsa]]
* [[Pusat Seni Anak Palestina]]

== Rujukan ==
<div class="references-small">
{{reflist}}
</div>

== Pranala luar ==
{{commonscat|Hebron}}
* [http://www.hebron.com/english/ Jewish Website]
* [http://www.telrumeidaproject.org Tel Rumeida Project]
* [http://www.palsolidarity.org/category/hebron/ The International Solidarity Movement >> Hebron Region]
* [http://www.machpela.com/english/ The Cave of Machpela]
* [http://www.atlastours.net/holyland/hebron.html Hebron (Al-Khalil), Holy Land]
* [[Christian Peacemaker Teams]]' [http://www.cpt.org/gallery/view_album.php?set_albumName=hebron photos of Hebron]
* [http://www.pal-chambers.org/chambers/photogallery.html The City of Hebron from Hebron Chamber of Commerce.]
* [http://www.execulink.com/~wblank/hebron.htm Daily Bible study - Hebron]
* [http://www.lmlk.com/research/lmlk_hbrn.htm HBRN LMLK seals]
* [http://www.hebron.org.il/history.htm History of Hebron from Encyclopedia Judaica]
* [http://www.tiph.org/ The International Presence in Hebron]
* [http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH00s30 Israel's Ministry of Foreign Affairs page on Hebron]
* [http://archnet.org/library/images/thumbnails.tcl?location_id=9861 Pictures from ArchNet digital library.]
* [http://www.btselem.org/English/ The Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories]
* [http://www.icshebron.org/English_site.htm Islamic Charitable Society].
* [http://www.antiwar.com/hacohen/?articleid=8404 Hebron for Beginners] by Dr. Ran HaCohen, [[Antiwar.com]], January 18, 2006
* [http://www.webjournal.unior.it ''An Architectural Survey of Raboud (South of Hebron)''] by Dr. Prof. Ibrahim Iqtait, in ''Web Journal on Cultural Patrimony'' (Fabio Maniscalco ed.), vol. 1, January-June, 2006
* [http://naturalchildhood.blogspot.com/ film of clashes between Israeli soldiers and school children]
* [http://www.hebronrc.org The Hebron Rehabilitation Committee]
* [http://mideastoutpost.com/archives/000245.html Article of Prof. Erich Isaac 'On Jewish Hebron']
* [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Hebron.html Hebron from Jewish Virtual Library]
* [http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-lerner011602.shtml Hebron Surprise The physical reality of a mythical city By Barbara Lerner.]

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