Lihat sumber Bernard Lewis

{{Infobox scholar
|name             = Bernard Lewis
|image            = Bernard Lewis in 2012 (2).JPG
|caption          = Bernard Lewis pada tahun 2012
|image_size       = 
|alt              =
|fullname         =
|other_names      =
|birth_date       = {{Birth date|df=yes|1916|5|31}}
|birth_place      = [[London]], [[Inggris]]
|death_date       = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2018|5|19|1916|5|31}}
|death_place      = [[Voorhees Township, New Jersey]], [[Amerika Serikat]]
|era              = [[Filsafat abad ke-20]]
|region           = 
|school_tradition =
|main_interests   = [[Studi oriental]], [[filsafat Barat]], filsafat Timur Tengah
|notable_ideas    =
|major_works      = {{unbulleted list | ''[[The Jews of Islam]]'' {{small|(1984)}} | ''[[Islam and the West]]'' {{small|(1993)}} | ''[[What Went Wrong?]]'' {{small|(2002)}}}}
|doctoral_advisor  = 
|academic_advisors = 
|doctoral_students = 
|notable_students  =
|influences       =
|influenced       = [[Heath W. Lowry]], [[Fouad Ajami]]
}}
'''Bernard Lewis''' ({{lahirmati||31|5|1916||19|5|2018}}) adalah sejarawan [[Yahudi]] [[Inggris]]-[[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]] yang menjabat sebagai Profesor Kehormatan bidang Timur Tengah di [[Universitas Princeton]]. Ia mendalami [[sejarah Islam]] serta interaksi kebudayaan [[Dunia Barat|Barat]] dan Islam. Ia dikenal karena karyanya tentang sejarah [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]]<ref name="EH">{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing|title=Bernard Lewis|first=Martin|last=Kramer|authorlink=|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn|location=London|year=1999|volume=1|pages=719–20|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.martinkramer.org%2Fsandbox%2Freader%2Farchives%2Fbernard-lewis%2F&date=2010-11-13|url=http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm|archivedate=13 November 2010}}</ref> dan debat intelektualnya dengan Profesor [[Edward Said]] tentang [[konflik Israel-Palestina]].

Ia merupakan ahli di bidang [[Timur Tengah]], dan merupakan penasihat [[George W. Bush]] dalam [[Perang Irak]]. Dalam ''Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing'', [[Martin Kramer]], yang tesis Ph.D-dibimbing oleh Lewis, menganggap Lewis merupakan "sejarawan Islam dan Timur Tengah paling berpengaruh pasca perang."<ref name="EH" /> Pada tahun 2007, Lewis juga disebut sebagai "penerjemah Barat di Timur Tengah paling terkemuka."<ref name=Abrahmson2007>{{cite web|last1=Abrahmson|first1=James L.|title=Will the West – and the United States – Go the Distance?|url=http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2007/0406/ed_distance.html|website=[[American Diplomacy]]|accessdate=16 Februari 2015|date=8 Juni 2007|archive-date=2011-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905204002/http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2007/0406/ed_distance.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sarannya sering dipakai oleh para pembuat kebijakan [[neokonservatisme|neokonservatif]], termasuk pemerintahan Bush.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Weisberg|first1=Jacob|title=AEI's weird celebration|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/the_big_idea/2007/03/party_of_defeat.html|accessdate=16 February 2015|work=[[Slate (majalah)|Slate]]|date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Lewis, oleh karena itu, umumnya dianggap sebagai dekan bagi cendekiawan-cendekiawan studi Timur Tengah.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYG29THsVwA</ref> Namun, dukungannya terhadap [[Perang Irak]] dan cita-cita [[neokonservatisme|neokonservatif]] sejak itu berada di bawah pengawasan.<ref>[http://forward.com/news/163089/neocons-gather-to-fete-iraq-war-godfather-bernard/ Neocons Gather To Fete Iraq War Godfather Bernard Lewis], ''[[The Forward]]''</ref><ref>[http://mondoweiss.net/2012/04/bernard-lewis-revises-bernard-lewis-says-he-opposed-invasion-of-iraq/ Bernard Lewis revises Bernard Lewis (says he opposed invasion of Iraq!)], ''[[Mondoweiss]]''</ref><ref>[http://www.thenational.ae/arts-lifestyle/the-review/how-neoconservatives-led-us-to-war-in-iraq How neoconservatives led US to war in Iraq], ''[[The National (Abu Dhabi)]]''</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Migdal | first = Joel | title = Shifting Sands the United States in the Middle East | url = https://archive.org/details/shiftingsandsuni0000migd | publisher = Columbia University Press | location = New York | year = 2014 | isbn = 9780231536349 |page = [https://archive.org/details/shiftingsandsuni0000migd/page/241 241] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Ahmad | first = Muhammad | title = The road to Iraq : the making of a neoconservative war | publisher = Edinburgh University Press | location = Edinburgh | year = 2014 | isbn = 9780748693054 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SX9KBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT101&dq=Bernard+Lewis+neoconservative&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Bernard%20Lewis%20neoconservative&f=false }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Chaudet | first = Didier | title = When Empire Meets Nationalism : Power Politics in the US and Russia | publisher = Routledge | location = City | year = 2016 | isbn = 1134762534 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=P_aNCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT170&dq=Bernard+Lewis+neoconservative&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Bernard%20Lewis%20neoconservative&f=false }}</ref>

Lewis juga terkenal karena debat publiknya bersama dengan [[Edward Said]], yang menuduh Lewis dan [[orientalisme|orientalis]] lainnya salah mengartikan Islam dan menyukseskan tujuan dominasi imperialis,<ref name="said">{{cite book|last=Said|first=Edward|title=Covering Islam: how the media and the experts determine how we see the rest of the world|year=1997|publisher=Random House|location=New York|isbn=978-0-679-75890-7|pages=xxx-xxxi}}</ref> yang ditanggapi Lewis dengan membela Orientalisme sebagai aspek [[humanisme]] dan menuduh Said mempolitisasi subjek.<ref name="EH" /><ref>{{cite journal|journal=New York Review of Books|title=Orientalism: An Exchange|authors=Edward W. Said and Oleg Grabar, reply by Bernard Lewis|date=12 Agustus 1982|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1982/08/12/orientalism-an-exchange/}}</ref> Lewis berpendapat bahwa kematian-kematian di dalam [[Genosida Armenia]] dihasilkan dari perjuangan antara dua gerakan nasionalis (Armenia dan Turki)<ref name=suny>{{cite book|title=A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire|publisher=Oxford University Press|editors=Ronald Grigor Suny, Fatma Müge Göçek, Norman M. Naimark|year=2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q_mHshUAeZ8C&pg=PA31|page=31}}</ref> dan bahwa tidak ada bukti niat dari pemerintah Utsmaniyah untuk memusnahkan [[bangsa Armenia]].<ref name=pbs>{{cite web|last1=Getler|first1=Michae|title=Documenting and Debating a 'Genocide'|url=https://www.pbs.org/ombudsman/2006/04/documenting_and_debating_a_genocide.html|website=PBS|accessdate=21 February 2015|date=21 April 2006}}</ref> Pandangan ini mendorong sejumlah sarjana untuk menuduh Lewis melakukan [[penyangkalan genosida]] dan menghasilkan gugatan perdata yang berhasil terhadapnya di pengadilan Prancis.<ref>[http://www.voltairenet.org/article14133.html Condamnation judiciaire de Bernard Lewis] {{fr}}</ref>

Bernard Lewis meninggal dunia pada tanggal 19 Mei 2018, dalam usia 101 tahun, di fasilitas perawatan hidup berbantu di Voorhees Township, [[New Jersey]], dua belas hari sebelum ulang tahunnya yang ke-102.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Murphy|first1=Brian|title=Bernard Lewis, eminent historian of the Middle East, dies at 101|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/bernard-lewis-eminent-historian-of-the-middle-east-dies-at-101/2018/05/19/4f0db6b8-5bad-11e8-8836-a4a123c359ab_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.a40d7c495f68|accessdate=20 Mei 2018|date=19 Mei 2018}}</ref>

== Hasil pemikiran ==

=== Teori benturan peradaban ===
Teori [[Benturan Peradaban|benturan peradaban]] merupakan sebuah [[tesis]] yang gagasannya pertama kali dikemukakan oleh Bernard Lewis. Gagasan ini kemudian disebarluaskan oleh [[Samuel Huntington|Samuel Phillips Huntington]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Husaini|first=Adian|date=2005|title=Wajah Peradaban Barat: Dari Hegemoni Kristen ke Dominasi Sekuler Liberal|location=Jakarta|publisher=Gema Insani|isbn=978-602-250-517-4|pages=ix|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Catatan kaki ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Pranala luar ==
{{Commonscat}}
* {{IMDb name|2217773}}
* [https://nes.princeton.edu/people/bernard-lewis Lewis' page at Princeton University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305051410/https://nes.princeton.edu/people/bernard-lewis |date=2021-03-05 }}
* [http://www.momentmag.com/revered-and-reviled-bernard-lewis/ Revered and Reviled] – Lewis' profile on ''[[Moment Magazine]]''
* {{C-SPAN|Bernard Lewis}}

{{Konservatisme di Amerika Serikat}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lewis, Bernard}}
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[[Kategori:Meninggal usia 101]]
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