Lihat sumber Daftar presiden Republik Rakyat Tiongkok

{{distinguish|Daftar Presiden Republik Tiongkok|Taiwan}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Presiden Republik Rakyat Tiongkok
| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-Hans|中华人民共和国主席}}}}
| insignia = People's Republic of China National Emblem.svg
| insigniacaption = [[Lambang Nasional Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]]
| image = Xi Jinping portrait 2019.jpg
| incumbent = [[Xi Jinping]]
| incumbentsince = 14 Maret 2013
| style = Tuan/Nyonya Presiden ({{lang|zh|主席}}) / [[Tongzhi (istilah)|Tongzhi]] ([[kamerad]]) (formal)<br />[[Yang Mulia]] ({{lang|zh-hans|阁下}}) (in international correspondence)
| status = [[Kepala negara]]
| reports_to = 
| residence = [[Zhongnanhai]]
| seat = [[Zhongnanhai#West Building Compound|Gedung Barat]], [[Zhongnanhai]], [[Beijing]] (de jure)
| nominator = [[Presidium Kongres Rakyat Nasional]]
| appointer = [[Kongres Rakyat Nasional]]
| termlength = Lima tahun
| termlength_qualified = Dapat diperbarui; Tidak ada batasan masa jabatan
| constituting_instrument = [[Konstitusi Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]]
| precursor = Ketua [[Pemerintah Pusat Rakyat Republik Rakyat Cina (1949–1954)|Pemerintah Pusat Rakyat Republik Rakyat Cina]] (1949–1954)
| formation = 27 September 1954<br />18 Juni 1983
| inaugural = [[Mao Zedong]] (sebagai Ketua di bawah Konsitusi 1954)<br />[[Li Xiannian]] (sebagai Presiden di bawah Konstitusi 1982)
| abolished = Januari 1975 – Desember 1982
| unofficial_names = Ketua Negara
| deputy = [[Wakil Presiden Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Wakil Presiden]]
| salary = ¥152,121 RMB ($22,000 USD)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2015-01/20/content_19353528.htm|title=Public employees get salary increase - China - Chinadaily.com.cn|website=www.chinadaily.com.cn|access-date=4 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605224342/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2015-01/20/content_19353528.htm|archive-date=5 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|english.gov.cn|The State Council of the People's Republic of China}}
| body = 
| flag = Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg{{!}}border
| flagsize = 110px
| flagborder = yes
| flagcaption = [[Bendera Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]]
| Insignia image = 
}}
{{Chinese
|title = Presiden Republik Rakyat Tiongkok
|s = {{linktext|中华人民共和国|主席}} |t = 中華人民共和國主席
  |p = Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Zhǔxí
  |j = zung<sup>1</sup>waa<sup>4</sup> jan<sup>4</sup>man<sup>4</sup> gung<sup>6</sup>wo<sup>4</sup>gwok<sup>3</sup> zyu<sup>2</sup>zik<sup>6</sup>
  |l = Ketua Republik Rakyat Tiongkok
|s2 = {{linktext|国家}}主席 |t2 = 國家主席
  |p2 = Guójiā Zhǔxí
  |j2 = gwok<sup>3</sup>gaa<sup>1</sup> zyu<sup>2</sup>zik<sup>6</sup>
|l2 = Ketua Negara
|links = no
|order = st
}}

'''Presiden Republik Rakyat Tiongkok''' ({{lang-zh|s=中华人民共和国主席|t=中華人民共和國主席|p=Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Zhǔxí}}), atau disingkat {{lang-zh|s=国家主席|Guójiā Zhǔxí}}, artinya Ketua Negara) adalah [[kepala negara]] [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]]. Posisi ini dibentuk melalui [[Konstitusi Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Konstitusi]] [[1982]]. Sebelumnya, Presiden dipilih oleh [[Kongres Rakyat Nasional]] sesuai dengan Pasal 62 dalam Konstitusi. Dalam praktiknya, pemilihan presiden biasanya merupakan [[Pemilu|pemilu dengan 'calon tunggal']]. Sang kandidat direkomendasikan oleh Presidium [[Kongres Rakyat Nasional]].
 
Istilah ''Zhuxi'' (Ketua) merujuk kepada ''ketua umum'' dalam sebuah komite, dan diterjemahkan demikian sebelum adanya Konstitusi 1982 (misalnya [[Mao Zedong|Ketua Mao]]). Terjemahan resminya berubah menjadi ''Presiden'' setelah 1982 untuk mengikuti pengistilahan Barat. Meskipun begitu, ''zhuxi'' tetap digunakan dalam bahasa Tionghoa, dan arti aslinya tetap adalah ''ketua umum''. Kata ''Presiden'' jika diterjemahkan dari bahasa Inggris tetap adalah ''Zongtong'' (总统 zŏng tŏng), yang menyebabkan sedikit kebingungan mengenai penggunaannya. '''Zongtong''' tidak dipergunakan menggantikan '''Zhuxi''' karena dianggap bersifat ke-Baratan dan borjuis.

[[Hua Guofeng]] dan [[Deng Xiaoping]] tidak masuk di daftar ini karena keduanya tidak pernah secara formal memegang jabatan Presiden maupun Perdana Menteri, walaupun pada kenyataannya merupakan [[pemimpin tertinggi]] RRC.

== Presiden Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (1949-kini) ==
{{legend2|#FFE3E3|[[Partai Komunis Tiongkok]] (PKT/PKC)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#EED8D2|[[Front Persatuan (RRC)|Front Persatuan]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFB6B6|Generasi pertama|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#CCEEFF|Generasi kedua|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#E6E6AA|Generasi ketiga|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Generasi keempat|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable" cellspacing=0 style="text-align:center; border-collapse: collapse"
|- style="background:#cccccc"
!align="left" rowspan="2" width="10"|# 
!colspan="3" width="160"|Presiden
!align="center" width="140" rowspan="2" |Mulai menjabat
!align="center" width="140" rowspan="2" |Selesai menjabat
!rowspan="2" width="140"|Partai
!rowspan="2" width="100"|Wakil Presiden
!rowspan="2" width="10" colspan="2"|Periode
|-
! width="120"| <small>Latin</small>
! width="100"| <small>Hanzi (T/S)</small>
! width="100"| <small>Foto</small>
|-
!colspan="10" style="background-color:#F0F0F0" |Pimpinan Pusat Pemerintahan Rakyat untuk Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (1949-1954)
|- bgcolor=#FFE3E3
|align="center"|—
|align="center"|[[Mao Zedong]]<br />''(pejabat)''
|align="center"|毛澤東 / 毛泽东
|align="center"|
|align="center"|[[1 Oktober]] [[1949]]
|align="center"|[[27 September]] [[1954]]
|align="center"|[[Partai Komunis Tiongkok]]
|style="background:#f8f8ff" align="center"|<small>'''''jabatan tidak ditiadakan'''''</small>
|align="center"|—
|bgcolor=#FFB6B6|
|-
!colspan="10" style="background-color:#F0F0F0" |Pimpinan Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (1954-1975)
|- bgcolor=#FFE3E3
|align="center"|'''1'''
|align="center"|[[Mao Zedong]]
|align="center"|毛澤東 / 毛泽东
|align="center"|[[Berkas:Mao Zedong 1959 (cropped).jpg|132x132px]]
|align="center"|27 September 1954
|align="center"|Desember [[1958]]
|align="center"|Partai Komunis<br />Tiongkok
|align="center"|[[Zhu De]]
|align="center"|1
|bgcolor=#FFB6B6|
|- bgcolor=#FFE3E3
|align="center" rowspan="2"|'''2'''
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Liu Shaoqi]]
|align="center" rowspan="2"|劉少奇 / 刘少奇
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Berkas:LiuShaoqi Colour.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|[[27 April]] [[1959]]
|align="center"|[[21 Desember]] [[1964]]
|align="center"|Partai Komunis<br />Tiongkok
|align="center"|[[Dong Biwu]]
|align="center"|2
|bgcolor=#FFB6B6|
|- bgcolor=#FFE3E3
|align="center"|21 Desember 1964
|align="center"|[[31 Oktober]] [[1968]]
|align="center"|Partai Komunis<br />Tiongkok
|align="center"|[[Dong Biwu]]
|align="center" rowspan="5"|3
|bgcolor=#FFB6B6 rowspan="5"|
|- bgcolor=#EED8D2
|align="center" rowspan="2" bgcolor=FFE3E3|—
|align="center"|[[Soong Ching-ling|Song Qingling]]<br /><small>Memerintah bersama</small> <br />''(pejabat)''
|align="center"|宋慶齡 / 宋庆龄
|align="center"|[[Berkas:Sun Yat-sen and Sung Qing-ling 1911 (Cropped).jpg|100px]]
|align="center" rowspan="2" bgcolor=FFE3E3|31 Oktober 1968
|align="center" rowspan="2" bgcolor=FFE3E3|[[24 Februari]] [[1972]]
|align="center" |[[Front Persatuan (RRT)|Front Persatuan]]<br /><Small>[[Komite Revolusioner Kuomintang|Komite Revolusioner<br />Kuomintang]]</Small>
| style="background:#f8f8ff" align="center" rowspan="2" |<small>'''''kosong'''''</small>
|- bgcolor=#FFE3E3
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Dong Biwu]]<br /><small>Co-Serving</small> <br />''(pejabat)''
|align="center" rowspan="2"|董必武
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Berkas:DONGBIWU.JPG|100px]]
|align="center"|Partai Komunis<br />Tiongkok
|- bgcolor=#FFE3E3
|align="center"|—
|align="center"|24 Februari 1972
|align="center"|[[17 Januari]] [[1975]]
|align="center"|Partai Komunis Tiongkok
| style="background:#f8f8ff" align="center"|<small>'''''kosong'''''</small>
|- bgcolor=#FFE3E3
|align="center"|—
|align="center" colspan="3" |'''''Jabatan ditiadakan'''''<ref>The position of Chairman was officially abolished in 1975 and the functions of head of State were formally transmitted to the chairman of the [[Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]] until [[Soong Ching-ling|Song Qingling]] became Honorary President in 1981.</ref><ref>The head of State during July 6, 1976 through September 9, 1976 were collectively executed by the twenty vice-chairmen, in order of ranking, [[Wu De]] (b. 1914 - d. 1995), [[Soong Ching-ling|Song Qingling]] (b. 1893 - d. 1981), [[Liu Bocheng]], [[Wei Guoqing]], [[Seypidin]], [[Chen Yun]], [[Tan Zhenlin]], [[Li Jingquan]], [[Ulanhu]], [[Guo Moruo]], [[Xu Xiangqian]], [[Nie Rongzhen]], Zhang Dingcheng, Cai Chang, [[Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme]], [[Zhou Jianren]], Xu Deheng, Hu Juewen, Li Suwen, Yao Lianwei, and, from Dec 2, 1976, [[Deng Yingchao]] (b. 1904 - d. 1992).</ref>
|align="center"|17 Januari 1975
|align="center"|[[16 Mei]] [[1981]]
|align="center"|Partai Komunis<br />Tiongkok
| style="background:#f8f8ff" align="center"|<small>'''''jabatan ditiadakan'''''</small>
|-
!colspan="10" style="background-color:#F0F0F0" |Presiden Kehormatan Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (1981)
|- bgcolor=#EED8D2
|align="center"|—
|align="center"|[[Soong Ching-ling|Song Qingling]]<ref>On May 16, 1981, the title of Honorary President of the People's Republic of China was conferred on Soong Ching-ling by the National People's Congress. She died two weeks later on May 29, 1981. The powers of the head of state reverted to the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.</ref>
|align="center"|宋慶齡 / 宋庆龄
|align="center"|[[Berkas:Sun Yat-sen and Sung Qing-ling 1911 (Cropped).jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|16 Mei 1981
|align="center"|[[28 Mei]] [[1981]]
|align="center" |[[Front Persatuan (PRC)|Front Persatuan]]<br /><Small>[[Komite Revolusioner Kuomintang|Komite Revolusioner<br />Kuomintang]]</Small>
|align="center" |'''''Jabatan ditiadakan'''''
|bgcolor=#FFE3E3 align="center" rowspan="2"|3
|bgcolor=#FFB6B6 rowspan="2"|
|- bgcolor=#FFE3E3
|align="center"|—
|colspan="3"|'''''jabatan ditiadakan'''''<ref>The position of President was officially abolished again in 1981 after the death of [[Soong Ching-ling|Song Qingling]] and the functions of head of State were formally transmitted to the chairman of the [[Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]] until June 18, 1983.</ref>
|align="center"|28 Mei 1981
|align="center"|[[18 Juni]] [[1983]]
|align="center"|Partai Komunis<br />Tiongkok
| style="background:#f8f8ff" align="center"|<small>'''''jabatan ditiadakan'''''</small>
|-
!colspan="10" style="background-color:#F0F0F0" |Presiden Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (1983-kini)
|- bgcolor=#FFE3E3
|align="center"|'''3'''
|align="center"|[[Li Xiannian]]
|align="center"|李先念
|align="center"|[[Berkas:Li Xiannian - 1974.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|18 Juni 1983
|align="center"|[[8 April]] [[1988]]
|align="center"|Partai Komunis<br />Tiongkok
|align="center"|[[Ulanhu]]
|align="center"|4
|bgcolor=#CCEEFF|
|- bgcolor=#FFE3E3
|align="center"|'''4'''
|align="center"|[[Yang Shangkun]]
|align="center"|楊尚昆 / 杨尚昆
|align="center"|[[Berkas:YangShangkun1958.png|100px]]
|align="center"|8 April 1988
|align="center"|[[27 Maret]] [[1993]]
|align="center"|Partai Komunis<br />Tiongkok
|align="center"|[[Wang Zhen]]
|align="center"|5
|bgcolor=#CCEEFF|
|- bgcolor=#FFE3E3
|align="center" rowspan="2"|'''5'''
|align="center"  rowspan="2"|[[Jiang Zemin]]
|align="center"  rowspan="2"|江澤民 / 江泽民
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Berkas:Jiang Zemin St. Petersburg2002.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" |27 Maret 1993
|align="center" |[[15 Maret]] [[1998]]
|align="center" |Partai Komunis<br />Tiongkok
|align="center" |[[Rong Yiren]]
|align="center" |6
|bgcolor=#E6E6AA|
|- bgcolor=#FFE3E3
|align="center" |15 Maret 1998
|align="center" |[[23 Maret]] [[2003]]
|align="center" |Partai Komunis<br />Tiongkok
|align="center" |[[Hu Jintao]]
|align="center"|7
|bgcolor=#E6E6AA|
|- bgcolor=#FFE3E3
|align="center" rowspan="2"|'''6'''
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Hu Jintao]]
|align="center" rowspan="2"|胡錦濤 / 胡锦涛
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Berkas:Hu Jintao Cannes2011.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" |[[23 Maret]] [[2003]]
|align="center" |[[15 Maret]] [[2008]]
|align="center" |Partai Komunis<br />Tiongkok
|align="center" |[[Zeng Qinghong]]
|align="center" |8
|bgcolor=#CCFFCC|
|- bgcolor=#FFE3E3
|align="center" |[[15 Maret]] [[2008]]
|align="center" |[[13 Maret]] [[2013]]
|align="center" |Partai Komunis<br />Tiongkok
|align="center" |[[Xi Jinping]]
|align="center"|9
|bgcolor=#CCFFCC|
|- 
|- bgcolor=#FFE3E3
|align="center" rowspan="2"|'''7'''
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Xi Jinping]]
|align="center" rowspan="2"|習近平 / 习近平
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Berkas:Xi Jinping portrait 2019 (cropped).jpg|136x136px]]
|align="center" |[[14 Maret]] [[2013]]
|align="center" |[[17 Maret]] [[2018]]
|align="center" |Partai Komunis<br />Tiongkok
|align="center" |[[Li Yuanchao]]
|align="center" |10
|bgcolor=#CCFFCC|
|- bgcolor=#FFE3E3
|align="center" |[[17 Maret]] [[2018]]
|align="center" |Sekarang
|align="center" |Partai Komunis<br />Tiongkok
|align="center" |[[Wang Qishan]]
|align="center"|11
|bgcolor=#CCFFCC|
|}

=== Ketua Republik Rakyat Cina ===
* [[Mao Zedong]] ([[27 September]] [[1954]] - [[27 April]] [[1959]])
* [[Liu Shaoqi]] ([[27 April]] [[1959]] - [[31 Oktober]] [[1968]])
:Tidak ada pengganti Liu Shaoqi, maka wakil ketua umum menjadi pimpinan negara sementara;
:* [[Dong Biwu]] ([[31 Oktober]] [[1968]] - [[17 Januari]] [[1975]])
:* [[Soong Ching-ling]] ([[31 Oktober]] [[1968]] - [[24 Februari]] [[1972]])

Jabatan Ketua Umum dihapus secara resmi pada 1975 dan fungsi pemimpin negara dipindah secara resmi kepada ketua umum Komite Tetap [[Kongres Rakyat Nasional]].

=== Ketua Umum Komite Tetap [[Kongres Rakyat Nasional]] ===
* [[Zhu De]] ([[17 Januari]] [[1975]] - [[6 Juli]] [[1976]])
* Dari [[6 Juli]] [[1976]]-[[5 Maret]] [[1978]] jabatan ini tetap kosong. Duapuluh wakil ketua umum Komite Tetap Kongres Rakyat Nasional secara bersama-sama melaksanakan tugas pemimpin negara. Mereka adalah, menurut urutannya, [[Wu De]] (lahir: 1914 - wafat: 1995), [[Song Qingling]] (lahir: 1893 - wafat: 1981), [[Liu Bocheng]], [[Wei Guoqing]], [[Seypidin]], [[Chen Yun]], [[Tan Zhenlin]], [[Li Jingquan]], [[Ulanhu]], [[Guo Moruo]], [[Xu Xiangqian]], [[Nie Rongzhen]], Zhang Dingcheng, Cai Chang, [[Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme]], [[Zhou Jianren]], Xu Deheng, Hu Juewen, Li Suwen, Yao Lianwei, dan dari [[2 Desember]] [[1976]], [[Deng Yingchao]] (lahir: 1904 - wafat: 1992).
* [[Ye Jianying]] ([[5 Maret]] [[1978]] - [[18 Juni]] [[1983]])

=== Presiden Kehormatan Republik Rakyat Cina ===
* [[Soong Ching-ling]] (dua minggu sebelum kematiannya; [[16 Mei]] [[1981]]-[[28 Mei]] [[1981]])

=== Presiden Republik Rakyat Cina ===
* [[Li Xiannian]] ([[18 Juni]] [[1983]] - [[8 April]] [[1988]])
* [[Yang Shangkun]] ([[8 April]] [[1988]] - [[27 Maret]] [[1993]])
* [[Jiang Zemin]] ([[27 Maret]] [[1993]] - [[15 Maret]] [[2003]])
* [[Hu Jintao]] ([[15 Maret]] [[2003]] - [[15 Maret]] [[2013]])
* [[Xi Jinping]] ([[15 Maret]] [[2013]] - ([[17 Maret]] [[2018]] - ([[10 Maret]] [[2023]]

== Referensi dan catatan ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala luar ==
* [http://english.gov.cn/links/presidency.htm Situs Presiden] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512074841/http://english.gov.cn/links/presidency.htm |date=2008-05-12 }}

{{daftar pemimpin negara|jabatan=Presiden|negara=Republik Rakyat Tiongkok}}
{{Pemimpin RRT}}