Lihat sumber Demografi Sri Lanka

{{Infobox country demographics
 | country            = Sri Lanka
 | image              = [[Berkas:Sri-Lanka-demography.png|250px]]
 | caption            = Populasi Sri Lanka, 1961-2003 ([[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]], 2005)

<!-- main demographics -->
 | size_of_population = 20.359.439 <small>(2012 census)</small>
 | density            = 325/km<sup>2</sup> <small>(2012 census)</small>
 | growth             = 0,913% <small>(2012 est.)</small>
 | birth              = 17,04 kelahiran/1.000 penduduk <small>(2012 est.)</small>
 | death              = 5,96 kematian/1.000 penduduk <small>(July 2012 est.)</small>
 | life               = 75.94 tahun <small>(2012 est.)</small>
 | life_male          = 72.43 tahun <small>(2012 est.)</small>
 | life_female        = 79.59 tahun <small>(2012 est.)</small>
 | infant_mortality   = 9.47 kematian/1.000 kelahiran hidup<small>(2012 est.)</small>
 | fertility          = 2.17 kelahiran anak/wanita <small>(2012 est.)</small>

<!-- age structure -->
 | age_0-14_years     = 25.2% <small>(2012 census)</small>
 | age_15-64_years    = 66.9% <small>(2012 census)</small>
 | age_65_years       = 7.9% <small>(2012 census)</small>

<!-- sex ratio -->
 | total_mf_ratio     = 0.96 laki-laki/perempuan <small>(2011 est.)</small>
 | sr_at_birth        = 1.04 laki-laki/perempuan <small>(2011 est.)</small>
 | sr_under_15        = 1.04 laki-laki/perempuan <small>(2011 est.)</small>
 | sr_15-64_years     = 0.96 laki-laki/perempuan <small>(2011 est.)</small>
 | sr_65_years_over   = 0.75 laki-laki/perempuan <small>(2011 est.)</small>

<!-- nationality -->
 | nation             = ''noun'': Sri Lankan(s)<br>''adjective'': Sri Lankan
 | major_ethnic       = [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]] (74.9%) <small>(2012 census)</small>
 | minor_ethnic       = {{Unbulleted list|[[Sri Lankan Tamil people|Sri Lanka Tamil]] (11.1%) <small>(2012 census)</small>|[[Sri Lankan Moors|Moor]] (9.3%) <small>(2012 census)</small>|[[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka|Indian Tamil]] (4.1%) <small>(2012 census)</small>}}

<!-- language -->
 | official           = [[Sinhalese language|Sinhalese]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
 | spoken             = [[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]]
}}
'''[[Demografi]] [[penduduk]] [[Sri Lanka]]''' meliputi data [[kepadatan penduduk]], [[etnisitas]], jenjang pendidikan, kesehatan penduduk, status ekonomi, agama dan aspek lain dari kependudukan.

Sri Lanka adalah sebuah pulau di [[Samudra Hindia]] yang juga dikenal dengan berbagai nama terutama "Ceylon". Berukuran hampir sama dengan pulau Irlandia. Terletak sekitar 28 kilometer (18&nbsp;mi.) di lepas pantai tenggara [[India]] dengan jumlah penduduk sekitar 20 juta. Kepadatan penduduk tertinggi terdapat di bagian barat daya, di sekitara kota [[Kolombo]], pelabuhan dan pusat industri utama negera ini. Pertumbuhan bersih penduduk sekitar 0,7%. Penduduk Sri Lanka beragam dari segi kesukuan, bahasa maupun agama.

== Latar Belakang ==
{{Historical populations
|title       = Penduduk Sri Lanka
|type        = none
|align       = left
|width       = 15em
|state       = none
|shading     = on
|pop_name    =
|percentages = on
|footnote    = 
|source      = <ref name=cicred>{{cite book|title=The Population of Sri Lanka|date=1974|publisher=C.I.C.R.E.D. Series|location=Population Growth|pages=3–4|url=http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Publications/pdf/c-c46.pdf|accessdate=2 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Census of Population Sri Lanka 1971 - General Report|date=1977|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|page=18|url=http://nada.statistics.gov.lk/index.php/catalog/1246/download/5841|access-date=2017-07-15|archive-date=2013-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224102856/http://nada.statistics.gov.lk/index.php/catalog/1246/download/5841|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Table 2.1: Population by sex and district, census years |url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract%202013/CHAP2/2.1.pdf |work=Statistical Abstract 2013 |publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402122634/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract%202013/CHAP2/2.1.pdf |archivedate=2015-04-02 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Population by age group and sex|url=http://sis.statistics.gov.lk/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=144&tblId=DT_POP_SER_266&conn_path=I2|work=LankaSIS Sri Lanka Statistical Information Service|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka}}</ref><ref name=final2012/>
| 1789{{Efn|Estimate.}} | 1,200,000
| 1827{{Efn|Non scientific census of the whole island.}} | 889,584
| 1871 | 2,400,380
| 1881 | 2,759,738
| 1891 | 3,007,789
| 1901 | 3,565,954
| 1911 | 4,106,350
| 1921 | 4,498,605
| 1931 | 5,306,871
| 1946 | 6,657,339
| 1953 | 8,097,895
| 1963 | 10,582,064
| 1971 | 12,689,897
| 1981 | 14,846,750
| 2012 | 20,359,439
}}
<!--According to the 2012 census the population of Sri Lanka was 20,359,439, giving a population density of 325/km2.<ref name=final2012>{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/FinalPopulation.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka}}</ref> The population had grown by 5,512,689 (37.1%) since the 1981 census (the last full census), equivalent to an annual growth rate of 1.1%.<ref name=final2012/> 3,704,470 (18.2%) lived in urban sectors - areas governed by municipal and urban councils.<ref>{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A1: Population by district,sex and sector|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A1.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka}}</ref>

5,131,666 (25.2%) of the population were aged 14 or under whilst 2,525,573 (12.4%) were aged 60 or over, leaving a working age (15-59) population of 12,702,700.<ref>{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A2: Population by district, age and sex|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A2.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka}}</ref> The [[dependency ratio]] was 60.2%.<ref name=final2012/> The [[mean]] age was 32 years and the [[median]] age was 31 years.<ref name=final2012/> The [[sex ratio]] was 94 males per 100 females.<ref name=final2012/> The [[fertility rate]] for married females aged 15 or over was 2.65 live births.<ref>{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A44: Ever married female population aged 15 years and over by number of children born alive,average children per woman,age and sector|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A44.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka}}</ref> There were 5,264,282 households of which 3,986,236 (75.7%) were headed by males and 1,278,046 (24.3%) were headed by females.<ref name=final2012/>

Of the 15,227,773 aged 15 or over, 10,322,105 (67.8%) were married, 3,927,602 (25.8%) were never married, 792,947 (5.2%) were widowed and 185,119 (1.2%) were divorced or separated.<ref>{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A10: Population by marital status, age, sex and sector|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A10.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka}}</ref>

Of those aged 15 or over, 7,857,370 (51.6%) were economically active, 4,199,558 (27.6%) did [[housework]], 1,431,105 (9.4%) were students, 914,934 (6.0%) were unable to work and 346,084 (2.3%) were pensioners.<ref>{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A37 Population aged 15 years and over by economic activity status,age,sex and sector|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A37.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka}}</ref> 521,938 (6.6%) of the economically active were [[unemployed]].<ref name=final2012/> 604,540 Sri Lankans were living aboard for more than six months but were intending to return to Sri Lanka, mostly in the [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf|Gulf states]] (373,050 61.7%).<ref>{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A47: Population living abroad temporary by country of usual residence, age and sex|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A47.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka}}</ref>

The overall [[literacy]] rate for those aged 10 and over was 95.7% but amongst those living in the estate sector it was only 86.1%.<ref>{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A31: Population aged 10 years and over by literacy rate, age, sex and sector|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A31.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka}}</ref> Of the 18,615,577 aged 5 or over, 499,563 (2.7%) had received a higher education qualification, 2,293,841 (12.3%) had passed [[GCE Advanced Level in Sri Lanka|G.C.E. A/L]], 3,159,402 (17.0%) had passed [[GCE Ordinary Level in Sri Lanka|G.C.E. O/L]] and 700,419 (3.8%) had no formal schooling.<ref name=tableA30>{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A30: Population aged 5 years and over, by educational attainment, age, sex and sector|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A30.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka}}</ref> The remaining 11,962,352 (64.3%) had left school with no qualifications or were currently at school.<ref name=tableA30/>
{{clear|left}}

== Etnis ==
[[Berkas:Sri Lanka - Ethnicity 2012.png|thumbnail|left|200px|Majority ethnicity by DS Division according 2012 census]]
The [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]] make up 74.9% of the population (according to 2012 census) and are concentrated in the densely populated south-west and central parts of the island.<ref name=eth2012/> The [[Sri Lankan Tamil people|Sri Lanka Tamils]], who live predominantly in the [[Northern Province, Sri Lanka|north]] and [[Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|east]] of the island, form the largest minority group at 11.1% (according to the 2012 census) of the population.<ref name=eth2012/>

The [[Sri Lankan Moors|Moors]], descendants of Arab traders that settled in Sri Lanka and married local women, form the third largest ethnic group at 9.3% of the population.<ref name=eth2012/> They are mostly concentrated in urban areas in the southern parts of the island with substantial populations in the [[Central Province, Sri Lanka|Central]] and [[Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|Eastern]] provinces. During times of [[Portuguese Ceylon|Portuguese colonization]], Moors were persecuted, and many forced to retreat to the central highlands and the eastern coast.{{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}

There are also [[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka|Indian Tamils]] who form a distinct ethnic group comprising 4.1% of the population.<ref name=eth2012/> The British brought them to Sri Lanka in the 19th century as tea and rubber plantation workers, and they remain concentrated in the "tea country" of south-central Sri Lanka. The Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka were considered to be "stateless" and over 300 000 Indian Tamils were deported back to India, due to the agreement between Sri Lanka and India in 1964.<ref name="Kingsbury">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OhupAgAAQBAJ|title=Sri Lanka and the Responsibility to Protect: Politics, Ethnicity and Genocide|last=Kingsbury|first=Damien|last2=Kingsbury|first2=Senior Lecturer in International Development Damien|date=2012-03-12|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136639975|language=en}}</ref> Under the pact, India granted citizenship to the remainder, some 200,000 of whom now live in India. Another 75,000 Indian Tamils, who themselves or whose parents once applied for Indian citizenship, now wish to remain in Sri Lanka. The government has stated these Tamils will not be forced to return to India, although they are not technically citizens of Sri Lanka. By the 1990s most Indian Tamils had received Sri Lankan citizenship, and some even were not granted Sri Lankan citizenship until 2003.<ref name="Kingsbury"/><ref>{{Cite book|title=A History|last=De Silva|first=C.R|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=262}}</ref>

Smaller minorities include the [[Sri Lankan Malays|Malays]] who descent from South East Asian settlers, and the [[Burgher people|Burghers]], who are descendants of [[European ethnic groups|European]] [[colonist]]s, principally from [[Portugal]], the [[Netherlands]] and the [[United Kingdom|UK]].
{{clear|left}}
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:right; font-size:100%"
|+ '''Population of Sri Lanka by ethnic group 1881 to 2012'''<ref name=eth2012>{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A3: Population by district, ethnic group and sex|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A3.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Table 2.10: Population by ethnic group and census years|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract%202013/CHAP2/2.10.pdf|work=Statistical Abstract 2013|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Population by ethnic group|url=http://sis.statistics.gov.lk/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=144&tblId=DT_POP_SER_267&conn_path=I2|work=LankaSIS Sri Lanka Statistical Information Service|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka}}</ref>
|-
! valign=bottom rowspan=2|Year
! colspan=2|[[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]]
! colspan=2|[[Sri Lankan Tamil people|Sri Lankan Tamils]]{{Efn|name=IT|[[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka|Indian Tamils]] were only classified as a separate ethnic group from 1911 onwards. Prior to this they were included with [[Sri Lankan Tamil people|Sri Lankan Tamils]].}}
! colspan=2|[[Sri Lankan Moors]]{{Efn|name=IM|Indian Moors were only classified as a separate ethnic group from 1911 to 1971. Prior to 1911 they were included with [[Sri Lankan Moors]]. After 1971 they were included with Others.}}
! colspan=2|[[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka|Indian Tamils]]{{Efn|name=IT}}
! colspan=2|[[Sri Lankan Malays]]
! colspan=2|[[Burgher people|Burghers]]/<br>Eurasian
! colspan=2|[[Indian Moors]]{{Efn|name=IM}}
! colspan=2|Others
! valign=bottom rowspan=2|'''Total'''<br>'''No.'''
|-
! width="70"|No. || width="50"|% || width="70"|No. || width="50"|% || width="70"|No. || width="50"|% ||  width="70"|No. || width="50"|% || width="70"|No. || width="50"|% || width="70"|No. || width="50"|% || width="70"|No. ||width="50"|% || width="70"|No. || width="50"|%
|-
| align=left|1881 Census || 1,846,600 || 66.91% || 687,200 || 24.90% || 184,500 || 6.69% || colspan=2| || 8,900 || 0.32% || 17,900 || 0.65% || colspan=2| || 14,500 || 0.53% || '''2,759,700'''
|-
| align=left|1891 Census || 2,041,200 || 67.86% || 723,900 || 24.07% || 197,200 || 6.56% || colspan=2| || 10,100 || 0.34% || 21,200 || 0.70% || colspan=2| || 14,200 || 0.47% || '''3,007,800'''
|-
| align=left|1901 Census || 2,330,800 || 65.36% || 951,700 || 26.69% || 228,000 || 6.39% || colspan=2| || 11,900 || 0.33% || 23,500 || 0.66% || colspan=2| || 20,000 || 0.56% || '''3,566,000'''
|-
| align=left|1911 Census || 2,715,500 || 66.13% || 528,000 || 12.86% || 233,900 || 5.70% || 531,000 || 12.93% || 13,000 || 0.32% || 26,700 || 0.65% || 32,700 || 0.80% || 25,600 || 0.62% || '''4,106,400'''
|-
| align=left|1921 Census || 3,016,200 || 67.05% || 517,300 || 11.50% || 251,900 || 5.60% || 602,700 || 13.40% || 13,400 || 0.30% || 29,400 || 0.65% || 33,000 || 0.73% || 34,600 || 0.77% || '''4,498,600'''
|-
| align=left|1931 Estimate || 3,473,000 || 65.45% || 598,900 || 11.29% || 289,600 || 5.46% || 818,500 || 15.43% || 16,000 || 0.30% || 32,300 || 0.61% || 36,300 || 0.68% || 41,800 || 0.79% || '''5,306,000'''
|-
| align=left|1946 Census{{Efn|The 1941 Census was postponed due to World War II.}} || 4,620,500 || 69.41% || 733,700 || 11.02% || 373,600 || 5.61% || 780,600 || 11.73% || 22,500 || 0.34% || 41,900 || 0.63% || 35,600 || 0.53% || 48,900 || 0.73% || '''6,657,300'''
|-
| align=left|1953 Census{{Efn|The 1951 Census was postponed due to a shortage of paper at the time.}} || 5,616,700 || 69.36% || 884,700 || 10.93% || 464,000 || 5.73% || 974,100 || 12.03% || 25,400 || 0.31% || 46,000 || 0.57% || 47,500 || 0.59% || 39,500 || 0.49% || '''8,097,900'''
|-
| align=left|1963 Census|| 7,512,900 || 71.00% || 1,164,700 || 11.01% || 626,800 || 5.92% || 1,123,000 || 10.61% || 33,400 || 0.32% || 45,900 || 0.43% || 55,400 || 0.52% || 19,900 || 0.19% || '''10,582,000'''
|-
| align=left|1971 Census|| 9,131,241 || 71.96% || 1,423,981 || 11.22% || 855,724 || 6.74% || 1,174,606 || 9.26% || 43,459 || 0.34% || 45,376 || 0.36% || colspan=2| || 15,510 || 0.12% || '''12,689,897'''
|-
| align=left|1981 Census || 10,979,561 || 73.95% || 1,886,872 || 12.71% || 1,046,926 || 7.05% || 818,656 || 5.51% || 46,963 || 0.32% || 39,374 || 0.27% || colspan=2| || 28,398 || 0.19% || '''14,846,750'''
|-
| align=left|2001 Census{{Efn|name=census01|2001 Census was only carried out in 18 of the 25 [[Districts of Sri Lanka|districts]]. Inclusion of data would be misleading.}} || colspan=17|
|-
| align=left|2011 Census{{Efn|name=census12|The official census dates for the 2011 Census was 20 March 2012.}} || 15,250,081 || 74.90% || 2,269,266 || 11.15% || 1,892,638 || 9.30% || 839,504 || 4.12% || 44,130 || 0.22% || 38,293 || 0.19% ||  colspan=2| || 25,527 || 0.13% || '''20,359,439'''
|}
-->
== Agama ==
[[Berkas:Sri Lanka - Religion 2012.png|jmpl|ka|200px|Agama mayoritas menurut DS Division berdasarkan sensus tahun 2012]]

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Agama di Sri Lanka (2012)<ref name="CIATONGA">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ce.html|title= South Asia ::SRI LANKA|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2017-07-15|archive-date= 2018-12-24|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211303/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ce.html|dead-url= yes}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Budda]]
|value1 = 70.2
|color1 = red
|label2 = [[Hindu]]
|value2 = 12.6
|color2 = Orange
|label3 = [[Islam]]
|value3 = 9.7
|color3 = Green
|label4 = [[Katolik]]
|value4 = 6.1
|color4 = Blue
|label5 = [[Kristen Protestan]]
|value5 = 1.3
|color5 = pink
|label6 = Lainnya
|value6 = 0.05
|color6= cyan
}}
{{main article|Agama di Sri Lanka}}<!--
According to the 2012 census [[Buddhist]]s make up 70.1% of the population, [[Hindu]]s 12.6%, [[Muslim]]s 9.7% and [[Christian]]s 7.6%.<ref name=rel2012/> Most Sinhalese are Buddhist; most Tamils are Hindu; and the Moors and Malays are mostly Muslim. Sizeable minorities of both Sinhalese and Tamils are Christians, most of whom are [[Roman Catholic]]. The [[Burgher people|Burgher]] population is mostly Roman Catholic or [[Presbyterian]]. The [[Veddahs]] have [[Animist]] and Buddhist practices. The [[Constitution of Sri Lanka|1978 constitution]], while assuring [[freedom of religion]], gives "the foremost place" Buddhism.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter III - Fundamental Rights|url=http://www.priu.gov.lk/Cons/1978Constitution/Chapter_03_Amd.htm|work=[[Constitution of Sri Lanka]]|publisher=Policy Research & Information Unit, [[Presidential Secretariat]], Sri Lanka}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter II - Buddhism|url=http://www.priu.gov.lk/Cons/1978Constitution/Chapter_02_Amd.html|work=[[Constitution of Sri Lanka]]|publisher=Policy Research & Information Unit, [[Presidential Secretariat]], Sri Lanka}}</ref>
-->
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:right; font-size:100%"
|+ '''Penduduk Sri Lanka menurut agama tahun 1881 - 2012'''<ref name=rel2012>{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A4: Population by district, religion and sex|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A4.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|access-date=2017-07-15|archive-date=2014-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229002205/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A4.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Table 2.13: Population by religion and census years |url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract%202013/CHAP2/2.13.pdf |work=Statistical Abstract 2013 |publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091504/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract%202013/CHAP2/2.13.pdf |archivedate=2015-04-02 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Population by religion|url=http://sis.statistics.gov.lk/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=144&tblId=DT_POP_SER_268&conn_path=I2|work=LankaSIS Sri Lanka Statistical Information Service|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka}}</ref>
|-
! valign=bottom rowspan=2|Tahun
! colspan=2|[[Buddhism di Sri Lanka|Buddhist]]
! colspan=2|[[Hinduism di Sri Lanka|Hindu]]
! colspan=2|[[Islam di Sri Lanka|Muslim]]
! colspan=2|[[Kekristenan di Sri Lanka|Kristen]]
! colspan=2|Lain-lain
! colspan=2|'''Total'''
|-
! width="70"|No. || width="50"|% || width="70"|No. || width="50"|% || width="70"|No. || width="50"|% || width="70"|No. || width="50"|% || width="70"|No. || width="50"|% || width="70"|'''No.'''
|-
| align=left|1881 Census || 1,698,100 || 61.53% || 593,600 || 21.51% || 197,800 || 7.17% || 268,000 || 9.71% || 2,300 || 0.08% || '''2,759,800'''
|-
| align=left|1891 Census || 1,877,000 || 62.40% || 615,900 || 20.48% || 212,000 || 7.05% || 302,100 || 10.04% || 800 || 0.03% || '''3,007,800'''
|-
| align=left|1901 Census || 2,141,400 || 60.06% || 826,800 || 23.19% || 246,100 || 6.90% || 349,200 || 9.79% || 2,500 || 0.07% || '''3,566,000'''
|-
| align=left|1911 Census || 2,474,200 || 60.25% || 938,300 || 22.85% || 283,600 || 6.91% || 409,200 || 9.96% || 1,100 || 0.03% || '''4,106,400'''
|-
| align=left|1921 Census || 2,769,800 || 61.57% || 982,100 || 21.83% || 302,500 || 6.72% || 443,400 || 9.86% || 800 || 0.02% || '''4,498,600'''
|-
| align=left|1931 Estimate || 3,266,600 || 61.55% || 1,166,900 || 21.99% || 354,200 || 6.67% || 518,100 || 9.76% || 1,100 || 0.02% || '''5,306,900'''
|-
| align=left|1946 Census || 4,294,900 || 64.51% || 1,320,400 || 19.83% || 436,600 || 6.56% || 603,200 || 9.06% || 2,200 || 0.03% || '''6,657,300'''
|-
| align=left|1953 Census || 5,209,400 || 64.33% || 1,610,500 || 19.89% || 541,500 || 6.69% || 724,400 || 8.95% || 12,100 || 0.15% || '''8,097,900'''
|-
| align=left|1963 Census || 7,003,300 || 66.18% || 1,958,400 || 18.51% || 724,000 || 6.84% || 884,900 || 8.36% || 11,400 || 0.11% || '''10,582,000'''
|-
| align=left|1971 Census || 8,536,868 || 67.27% || 2,238,666 || 17.64% || 901,785 || 7.11% || 1,004,326 || 7.91% || 8,252 || 0.07% || '''12,689,897'''
|-
| align=left|1981 Census || 10,288,325 || 69.30% || 2,297,806 || 15.48% || 1,121,717 || 7.56% || 1,130,568 || 7.61% || 8,334 || 0.06% || '''14,846,750'''
|-
| align=left|2001 Census{{Efn|name=census01}} || colspan=11|
|-
| align=left|2012 Census{{Efn|name=census12}} || 14,272,056 || 70.10% || 2,561,299 || 12.58% || 1,967,523 || 9.66% || 1,552,161 || 7.62% || 6,400 || 0.03% || '''20,359,439'''
|}

== Bahasa ==
{{main article|Bahasa di Sri Lanka}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption =Etnis di Sri Lanka (2012)<ref name="CIATONGA"/>
|label1 = [[Bahasa Sinhala|Sinhala]]
|value1 = 74
|color1 = blue
|label2 = [[Bahasa Tamil|Tamil]] 
|value2 = 18
|color2 = red
|label3 = Lainnya
|value3 = 8
|color3 = green
}}
[[Berkas:A road sign in Colombo - Katunayake Expressway, Sri Lanka.jpg|jmpl|ka|150px|Rambu jalan dalam banyak bahasa]]
<!--
[[Sinhalese language|Sinhala]], an [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] language, is the [[first language]] of the Sinhalese. [[Tamil language|Tamil]], a [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] language, is the first language of the Tamils. Tamil is also the first language the majority of [[Sri Lankan Moors|Moors]] and the [[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka|Indian Tamils]] - according to the 2012 census 98% of Moors could speak Tamil but only 59% could speak Sinhala.<ref name=lan2012>{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A32 :Population aged 10 years and over, by ability to speak, ability to read and write main languages, ethnic group, sex and sector|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A32.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka}}</ref>

Malays speak [[Sri Lanka Malay]], a [[Creole language]] mixing Sinhala, Tamil and [[Malay language|Malay]]. Many of the Burghers speak [[Sri Lanka Indo-Portuguese language|Sri Lankan Indo-Portuguese]] although its use has declined and the majority now speak Sinhala.<ref name=lan2012/> The Veddahs speak [[Vedda language|Vedda]], a Creole language closely based on Sinhala. Use of [[English language|English]] has declined since independence, but it continues to be spoken by many in the middle and upper middle classes, particularly in [[Colombo]]. According to the 2012 census 24% of the population could speak English.<ref name=lan2012/> The government is seeking to reverse the decline in the use of English, mainly for economic but also for political reasons. According to the constitution Sinhala and Tamil are [[official language]]s whilst English is the link language.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter IV - Language|url=http://www.priu.gov.lk/Cons/1978Constitution/Chapter_04_Amd.html|work=[[Constitution of Sri Lanka]]|publisher=Policy Research & Information Unit, [[Presidential Secretariat]], Sri Lanka}}</ref>
-->
== Statistik Vital ==
Perkiraan [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]]:<ref>[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506000000/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm |date=May 6, 2011 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Periode
! width="80pt"|Kelahiran hidup per tahun
! width="80pt"|Kematian per tahun
! width="80pt"|Perubahan alamiah per tahun
! width="80pt"|CBR<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|CDR<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|NC<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|TFR<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|IMR<sup>1</sup>
|-
| 1950–1955
| align="right" |  322 000
| align="right" |  171 000
| align="right" |  151 000
| align="right" | 37.4
| align="right" | 19.8
| align="right" | 17.5
| align="right" | 5.80
| align="right" | 103.9
|-
| 1955–1960
| align="right" |  367 000
| align="right" |  143 000
| align="right" |  223 000
| align="right" | 38.6
| align="right" | 15.1
| align="right" | 23.5
| align="right" | 5.80
| align="right" | 86.7
|-
| 1960–1965
| align="right" |  377 000
| align="right" |  128 000
| align="right" |  248 000
| align="right" | 35.5
| align="right" | 12.1
| align="right" | 23.4
| align="right" | 5.20
| align="right" | 77.5
|-
| 1965–1970
| align="right" |  391 000
| align="right" |  116 000
| align="right" |  276 000
| align="right" | 32.9
| align="right" | 9.7
| align="right" | 23.2
| align="right" | 4.70
| align="right" | 69.3
|-
| 1970–1975
| align="right" |  383 000
| align="right" |  103 000
| align="right" |  280 000
| align="right" | 29.1
| align="right" | 7.8
| align="right" | 21.3
| align="right" | 4.00
| align="right" | 55.4
|-
| 1975–1980
| align="right" |  401 000
| align="right" |  99 000
| align="right" |  302 000
| align="right" | 27.8
| align="right" | 6.9
| align="right" | 20.9
| align="right" | 3.61
| align="right" | 38.8
|-
| 1980–1985
| align="right" |  401 000
| align="right" |  96 000
| align="right" |  305 000
| align="right" | 25.6
| align="right" | 6.1
| align="right" | 19.5
| align="right" | 3.19
| align="right" | 30.3
|-
| 1985–1990
| align="right" |  362 000
| align="right" |  110 000
| align="right" |  253 000
| align="right" | 21.6
| align="right" | 6.5
| align="right" | 15.1
| align="right" | 2.64
| align="right" | 24.1
|-
| 1990–1995
| align="right" |  349 000
| align="right" |  119 000
| align="right" |  230 000
| align="right" | 19.6
| align="right" | 6.7
| align="right" | 12.9
| align="right" | 2.39
| align="right" | 22.1
|-
| 1995–2000
| align="right" |  329 000
| align="right" |  146 000
| align="right" |  183 000
| align="right" | 17.8
| align="right" | 7.9
| align="right" | 9.9
| align="right" | 2.16
| align="right" | 18.9
|-
| 2000–2005
| align="right" |  360 000
| align="right" |  121 000
| align="right" |  239 000
| align="right" | 18.7
| align="right" | 6.3
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" | 2.27
| align="right" | 15.9
|-
| 2005–2010
| align="right" |  386 000
| align="right" |  132 000
| align="right" |  253 000
| align="right" | 19.0
| align="right" | 6.5
| align="right" | 12.5
| align="right" | 2.36
| align="right" | 12.4
|-
| 2010–2015
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" | 16.4 	
| align="right" | 6.6
| align="right" | 9.8
| align="right" | 2.11
| align="right" | 
|-
| 2015–2020
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" | 14.9  	
| align="right" | 7.1 
| align="right" | 7.8
| align="right" | 2.03 
| align="right" | 
|-
| colspan="9"| <sup>1</sup> <small>CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births</small>
|}

=== Kesuburan dan kelahiran ===
''Total Fertility Rate'' (TFR; "Tingkat kesuburan total"; ''Wanted Fertility Rate''; "Tingkat kesuburan yang diinginkan") dan ''Crude Birth Rate'' (CBR; "Laju kelahiran kasar"):<ref>http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/dhs#_r=&collection=&country=&dtype=&from=1890&page=14&ps=&sk=&sort_by=nation&sort_order=&to=2014&topic=&view=s&vk=</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:70pt;"| Tahun
! style="width:50pt;"| CBR (Total)
! style="width:50pt;"| TFR (Total)
! style="width:50pt;"| CBR (Urban)
! style="width:50pt;"| TFR (Urban)
! style="width:50pt;"| CBR (Rural)
! style="width:50pt;"| TFR (Rural)
! style="width:50pt;"| CBR (Estate)
! style="width:50pt;"| TFR (Estate)
|-
| 1981-1983
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 3,1
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,4
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 3,2
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 3,4
|-
| 1987
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,8 (2,4)
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,3 (1,9)
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,9 (2,4)
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 3,4 (3,2)
|-
| 2006-2007
| style="text-align:right;"| 18,7
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,3 (2,1)
| style="text-align:right;"| 18,5
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,2 (2,0)
| style="text-align:right;"| 18,6
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,3 (2,1)
| style="text-align:right;"| 20,0
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,5 (2,1)
|-
|}

=== Kelahiran dan Kematian <ref>http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm</ref> ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="70"|Tahun
! width="70"|Penduduk
! width="70"|Kelahiran hidup
! width="70"|Kematian
! width="70"|Peningkatan alamiah
! width="70"|Laju kelahiran
! width="70"|Laju kematian
! width="70"|Laju peningkatan alamiah
! width="70"|''TFR''
|-
| align="right" | 2009 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 368 304
| align="right" | 127 776
| align="right" | 240 528
| align="right" | 18.0
| align="right" | 6.2
| align="right" | 11.8
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2010
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 364 565
| align="right" | 128 603
| align="right" | 235 962
| align="right" | 17.7
| align="right" | 6.2
| align="right" | 11.4
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2011
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 363 415
| align="right" | 123 261
| align="right" | 240 154
| align="right" | 17.4
| align="right" | 5.9
| align="right" | 11.5
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2012
| align="right" | 20 277 597
| align="right" | 355 900
| align="right" | 122 063
| align="right" | 233 837
| align="right" | 17.5
| align="right" | 6.0
| align="right" | 11.5
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2013
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 365 792
| align="right" | 127 124
| align="right" | 238 668
| align="right" | 17.9
| align="right" | 6.2
| align="right" | 11.7
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2014
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 349 715
| align="right" | 127 758
| align="right" | 221 957
| align="right" | 16.8
| align="right" | 6.2 
| align="right" | 10.6
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2015
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 334 821
| align="right" | 131 634
| align="right" | 200 187
| align="right" | 16.0
| align="right" | 6.3
| align="right" | 9.7
| align="right" |
|-
|}

=== Piramid penduduk ===
{{Hidden begin 
|title= Provisional Estimates (01/07/2013) Because of rounding, totals are not in all cases the sum of the respective components.
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
Perkiraan Provisional (7 Januari 2013):<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook |website=UN Data |publisher=United Nations |access-date=4 December 2015}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Kelompok umur
! width="80pt"|Laki-laki
! width="80pt"|Perempuan
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 9 940 000
| align="right" | 10 544 000
| align="right" | 20 483 000
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0-4
| align="right" | 891 000
| align="right" | 871 000
| align="right" | 1 762 000
| align="right" | 8.60
|-
| align="right" | 5-9
| align="right" | 895 000
| align="right" | 869 000
| align="right" | 1 764 000
| align="right" | 8.61
|-
| align="right" | 10-14
| align="right" | 835 000
| align="right" | 810 000
| align="right" | 1 645 000
| align="right" | 8.03
|-
| align="right" | 15-19
| align="right" | 819 000
| align="right" | 839 000
| align="right" | 1 658 000
| align="right" | 8.09
|-
| align="right" | 20-24
| align="right" | 754 000
| align="right" | 777 000
| align="right" | 1 530 000
| align="right" | 7.47
|-
| align="right" | 25-29
| align="right" | 751 000
| align="right" | 806 000
| align="right" | 1 557 000
| align="right" | 7.60
|-
| align="right" | 30-34
| align="right" | 799 000
| align="right" | 849 000
| align="right" | 1 649 000
| align="right" | 8.05
|-
| align="right" | 35-39
| align="right" | 688 000
| align="right" | 732 000
| align="right" | 1 421 000
| align="right" | 6.94
|-
| align="right" | 40-44
| align="right" | 673 000
| align="right" | 711 000
| align="right" | 1 384 000
| align="right" | 6.76
|-
| align="right" | 45-49
| align="right" | 625 000
| align="right" | 666 000
| align="right" | 1 291 000
| align="right" | 6.30
|-
| align="right" | 50-54
| align="right" | 585 000
| align="right" | 643 000
| align="right" | 1 228 000
| align="right" | 6.00
|-
| align="right" | 55-59
| align="right" | 505 000
| align="right" | 561 000
| align="right" | 1 066 000
| align="right" | 5.20
|-
| align="right" | 60-64
| align="right" | 428 000
| align="right" | 495 000
| align="right" | 924 000
| align="right" | 4.51
|-
| align="right" | 65-69
| align="right" | 287 000
| align="right" | 348 000
| align="right" | 635 000
| align="right" | 3.10
|-
| align="right" | 70-74
| align="right" | 182 000
| align="right" | 231 000
| align="right" | 413 000
| align="right" | 2.02
|-
| align="right" | 75-79
| align="right" | 116 000
| align="right" | 170 000
| align="right" | 286 000
| align="right" | 1.40
|-
| align="right" | 80+
| align="right" | 107 000 
| align="right" | 164 000
| align="right" | 270 000
| align="right" | 1.32
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="50"|Kelompok umur
! width="80pt"|Laki-laki
! width="80"|Perempuan
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Persen
|-
| align="right" | 0-14
| align="right" | 2 621 000
| align="right" | 2 550 000
| align="right" | 5 171 000
| align="right" | 25.25 
|-
| align="right" | 15-64
| align="right" | 6 627 000
| align="right" | 7 081 000
| align="right" | 13 708 000
| align="right" | 66.92
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 692 000
| align="right" | 913 000
| align="right" | 1 605 000
| align="right" | 7.84
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

== Statistik demografi menurut CIA World Factbook demographic statistics ==
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption =Ethnicity in Sri Lanka (2012)<ref name="CIATONGA">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ce.html|title= South Asia ::SRI LANKA|publisher= CIA The World Factbook}}</ref> 
|label1 = [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]]
|value1 = 74.9
|color1 = blue
|label2 = [[Sri Lankan Tamil people|Sri Lanka Tamils]] 
|value2 = 11.2
|color2 = red
|label3 = [[Sri Lankan Moors]] 
|value3 = 9.3
|color3 = green
|label4 = [[Tamil people|Indian Tamils]]
|value4 = 4.2
|color4 = yellow
|label5 = Other
|value5 = 0.5
|color5 = pink
}}
Statistik demografi berikut adalah dari [[CIA World Factbook]], kecuali diberi keterangan lain:<ref>{{cite web|title=Sri Lanka|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ce.html|work=[[The World Factbook]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|access-date=2017-07-15|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211303/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ce.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

* Penduduk - 21,481,334 (July 2012 est.){{Efn|Since the outbreak of hostilities between the government and armed Tamil separatists in the mid-1980s, several hundred thousand Tamil civilians have fled the island and more than 200,000 Tamils have sought refuge in the West (July 2010 est.)  Aside from such migrants, there is an estimated 1.7 million Sri Lankans who are employed abroad (2010 est.), through which Sri Lanka earned USD 4.1 billion in annual worker [[remittance]]s in 2010. Such remittances are a key source of foreign exchange for Sri Lanka.}}
* Struktur umur - 0–14 years: 23.9% (male 2,594,815/female 2,493,002); 15–64 years: 68% (male 7,089,307/female 7,418,123); 65 years and over:8.1% (male 803,172/female 926,372) (2010 est.)
* Median umur - total: 31.1 years; male: 30.1 years; female: 32.2 years (2012 est.)
* Laju pertumbuhan penduduk - 0.913% (2012 est.)
* Angka kelahiran - 17.04 births/1.000 penduduk (2012 est.)
* Angka kematian - 5.96 deaths/1.000 penduduk (July 2012 est.)
* Laju migrasi bersih - -1.95 migran/1.000 penduduk (2012 est.)<!--
* Urbanisasi - urban population: 14% of total population (2010); rate of urbanization: 1.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
* Perbandingan jenis kelamin - waktu kelahiran: 1.04 laki-laki/female; di bawah 15 tahun: 1.04 laki-laki/female; 15–64 years: 0.96 laki-laki/female; 65 years and over: 0.75 laki-laki/female; total population: 0.96 laki-laki/female (2011 est.)
* Infant mortality rate - total: 9.47 deaths/1,000 live births; male: 10.44 deaths/1,000 live births; female: 8.45 deaths/1,000 live births
* Life expectancy at birth - total population: 75.94 years; male: 72.43 years; female: 79.59 years (2012 est.)
* Total fertility rate - 2.17 children born/woman (2012 est.)
* Health expenditures - 4% of GDP (2009)
* Physicians density - 0.492 physicians/1.000 penduduk (2006)
* Hospital bed density - 3.1 beds/1.000 penduduk (2004)
* HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate - less than 0.1% (2009 est.)
* HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS - 2,800 (2009 est.)
* HIV/AIDS - deaths - fewer than 200 (2009 est.)
* Major infectious diseases - degree of risk: high; food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and [[hepatitis A]]; vectorborne disease: [[dengue fever]] and [[chikungunya]]; water contact disease:[[leptospirosis]]; animal contact disease: [[rabies]](2009)
* Nationality - noun: Sri Lankan(s); <br>adjective: Sri Lankan
* Ethnic group - [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]] 73.8%; [[Sri Lankan Tamil people|Sri Lankan Tamil]] 11.15%; [[Sri Lankan Moors]] 7.2%; [[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka|Indian Tamil]] 4.6%; other 0.5%; unspecified 2.75% (2001 census provisional data){{Efn|These figures are based on the 2001 census which was only carried out partially in the [[Northern Province, Sri Lanka|Northern]] and [[Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|Eastern]] provinces, where the majority of Sri Lankan Tamils and Hindus live. Therefore the Sri Lankan Tamil and Hindu percentage is grossly understated. The Sri Lankan government estimates that the Tamils (Sri Lankan and Indian) account for 18% of the population.}}
* Religion - [[Buddhism in Sri Lanka|Buddhism]] 70.19%; [[Hinduism in Sri Lanka|Hinduism]] 12.61%; [[Islam in Sri Lanka|Islam]] 9.71%; [[Christianity in Sri Lanka|Christianity]] 7.45%; Other 0.05% (2012 <ref name="census2012">{{cite web | url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/cph2011Pub/pop43.pdf | title=: Population by religion according to districts | publisher=Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka | accessdate=22 June 2014}}</ref> provisional data)
* Languages - [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] 74%; [[Tamil language|Tamil]] 25%; other 1%{{Efn|[[English language|English]] is commonly used in government and is spoken competently by about 10% of the population as second language.}}
* Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write; total population: 91.2%; male: 92.6%; female:90% (2010 census)
-->
== Catatan ==
{{Notelist|2}}

== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Pranala luar ==
* {{URL|http://www.statistics.gov.lk/|Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka}}

<!--{{Ethnic groups in Sri Lanka}}
{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}-->
{{Topik Sri Lanka}}

[[Kategori:Sri Lanka| ]]