Lihat sumber Gerakan Legiuner

{{Infobox political party
| colorcode        = Black
| name             = Gerakan Legiuner
| native_name      = Mişcarea Legionară
| logo             = Guardiadehierro.svg
| logo_size        = 300px
| lang1            = Other
| name_lang1       = Pergerkan legiuner<ref>{{Cite book |first=Stanley G. |last=Payne |author-link=Stanley G. Payne |title=A History of Fascism, 1914–1945 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyoffascism00payn |url-access=registration |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |year=1995 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyoffascism00payn/page/394 394]|isbn=9780299148706 }}</ref><br>Legiun Malaikat Mikael<br>Partai "Semuanya untuk Negara"
| founders         = {{unbulleted list|Ion I. Moța|Ilie Gârneață<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sima|first=Horia|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/272381280|title=The history of the Legionary Movement|date=1995|publisher=Legionary Press|isbn=1-899627-01-4|pages=144|oclc=272381280}}</ref>}}
{{Collapsible list
 | title = {{nobold|...{{nbsp}}''dan yang lainnya''}}
 | '''Covenan Pertama Legiuner:'''<ref>Codreanu, CZ: For Legionnaires, Bucharest, Majadahonda Publishing House, 2001, 406 p. + Unpublished illustrations.</ref>
 | Corneliu Codreanu
 | Hristache Solomon
 | Teodosie Popescu
 | Leonida Bandac
 | Nicolae Dragos
 | Aurelian Vernichescu
 | C. Dănulescu
 | Traian Breazu
 | Ion Zelea Codreanu
 | Mile (Mille) Lefter
 | Ion Banea
 | Victor Silaghi
 | Nicolae Totu
 | Alexandru Ventonic
 | Dumitru Ifrim
 | Pantelimon Statache
 | Ghiță Antonescu
 | Emil Eremiu
 | Ion Bordeianu
 | M. Ciobanu
 | Marius Pop
 | Mișu Crișan
 | I. Tănăsache
 | Ștefan Budeci
 | Traian Cotigă
 | Mihai Stelescu
 | [[:ro:Gheorghe Clime|Gheorghe Clime]]
 | [[:ro:Radu Mironovici|Radu Mironovici]]
 | [[:ro:Corneliu Georgescu|Corneliu Georgescu]]
}}
| leader1_title    = Pemimpin Partai
| leader1_name     = {{nowrap|Corneliu Zelea Codreanu (1927–38)}}<br>Horia Sima (1938–41)
| leader2_title    = Presiden
| leader2_name     = Gheorghe Cantacuzino-Grănicerul
| abbreviation     = '''TpȚ''' (1935–41)<ref>"Totul pentru Țară" is translated as "Everything for the Fatherland" in "[[Collier's Encyclopedia]]" material that is now incorporated into "[[Encarta]]" as a sidebar ([http://encarta.msn.com/sidebar_461500758/1938_Rumania.html 1938: Rumania] {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5kwrXBk32?url=http://encarta.msn.com/sidebar_461500758/1938_Rumania.html |date=2009-11-01 }}) and in the "[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]" article [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9042802 Iron Guard]; the [[International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania]] uses "Everything for the Motherland" in the English-language version of its November 11, 2004 [http://www.ushmm.org/research/center/presentations/programs/presentations/2005-03-10/pdf/english/chapter_03.pdf Final Report] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060129104944/http://www.ushmm.org/research/center/presentations/programs/presentations/2005-03-10/pdf/english/chapter_03.pdf |date=2006-01-29 }} ([[PDF]]). (All retrieved 6 Dec 2005.).</ref>
| foundation       = {{start date and age|24 June 1927}}
| banned           = 23 Januari 1941
| split            = {{nowrap|Liga Pertahanan Kekristenan Nasional Rumania}}
| headquarters     = Rumah Hijau, [[Bucharest]]<ref name="Picture of the Green House">[http://www.miscarea.org/a/?p=677 Picture of the Green House]</ref>
| newspaper        = ''[[Cuvântul]]'', ''Buna Vestire'', ''Axa''
| youth_wing       = Persaudaraan Salib
| wing2_title      = Sayap Proletariat
| wing2            = ''Corpul Muncitorilor Legionari''
| wing1_title      = {{nowrap|Sayap Paramiliter}}
| wing1            = Garda Besi (''Garda de Fier'')<ref name="britannica.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/Iron-Guard|title=Iron Guard &#124; Romanian organization}}</ref> / Kemeja Hijau
| membership       = {{steady}} 272,000 (akhir tahuh 1937 {{estimation}})<ref name="Săndulescu, p. 267">Săndulescu, p. 267</ref>
| ideology         = {{Tree list}}
* Legiunarisme
** [[Romania|Rumania raya]]<ref name="sjldict">Stephen J. Lee, ''European Dictatorships, 1918–1945'', [[Routledge]], London, 2000, p.288. {{ISBN|0-415-23046-2}}</ref><ref name="payne"/>
** [[nasionalisme|Nasionalisme rumania]]<ref name="payne"/>
** [[Diskriminasi|Sentimen anti-hungaria]]
** [[Antiziganisme|Sentimen anti-romani]]
** [[mistisisme|Mistisisme nasional]]<ref name="payne"/>
** [[nasionalisme|Nasionalisme ekonomis]]<ref name="payne"/>
** [[fasisme|Kolaborasi kelas]]<ref name="payne"/>
** [[Antisemitisme]]{{cref|a}}<ref name="sjldict">Stephen J. Lee, ''European Dictatorships, 1918–1945'', [[Routledge]], London, 2000, p.288. {{ISBN|0-415-23046-2}}</ref><ref>Final Report, p.28-29</ref><ref>Subtelny, Orest. (1988) Ukraine: a History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pg. 442</ref><ref>Volovici, Nationalist Ideology, p. 98, citing N. Cainic, Ortodoxie şi etnocraţie, pp. 162–4</ref>
** [[fasisme|Fasisme klerikal]]<ref name="payne"/><ref>Iordachi, Constantin (2023). ''[https://www.routledge.com/The-Fascist-Faith-of-the-Legion-Archangel-Michael-in-Romania-192741/Iordachi/p/book/9781138624559 The Fascist Faith of the Legion "Archangel Michael" in Romania, 1927–41 Martyrdom and National Purification]''. [[Routledge]]. {{ISBN|978-1138624559}}.</ref>
** [[Anti-komunisme]]<ref name="Volovici, p. 98">Volovici, ''Nationalist Ideology'', p. 98, citing N. Crainic, ''Ortodoxie și etnocrație'', pp. 162–164</ref>
** [[Anti-kapitalisme]]<ref name="payne">Payne, Stanley G. (1995). ''A History of Fascism 1914–1945'' Madison: University of Wisconsin Press (pp. 277–289) {{ISBN|0-299-14874-2}}</ref> {{Tree list/end}}
| position         = [[fasisme|Kanan-jauh]]
| religion         = [[Gereja Ortodoks Rumania]]
| colours          = {{nowrap|{{Color box|{{party color|Iron Guard}}|border=darkgray}} Hijau {{color box|#000000|border=darkgray}} Hitam {{color box|#FFFFFF|border=darkgray}} Putih}}
| affiliation1_title = Affliasi Internasional
| affiliation1     = [[Konferensi Fasis Montreux 1934]]
| seats1_title     = Kursi di<br>senat Romania (Pemilihan umum Romania tahun 1937)
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|4|113|hex={{party color|Iron Guard}}|per=1}}
| seats2_title     = Kursi di<br>Dewan Deputi (Pemilihan umum Romania tahun 1937)
| seats2           = {{Composition bar|66|387|hex={{party color|Iron Guard}}|per=1}}
| footnotes        = {{nowrap|{{cnote|a|Garda Besi juga memiliki garis ideologis yang cenderung [[Anti-Freemasonry|Anti-freemasonik]]}}}}
| flag             = [[File:Flag of the Iron Guard (Legion of the Archangel Michael or Legionary Movement).svg|border|200px]]
| country          = Romania
}}
'''Garda Besi''' ([[bahasa Rumania]]: Garda de Fier) adalah sebuah gerakan [[fasis]] revolusioner [[Rumania]] dan partai politik yang didirikan pada tahun 1927 oleh Corneliu Zelea Codreanu sebagai Legiun Malaikat Mikael (''Legiunea Arhanghelul Mihail'') atau Pergerakan Legiuner (''Mișcarea Legionară'').<ref>{{Cite book |first=Stanley G. |last=Payne |author-link=Stanley G. Payne |title=A History of Fascism, 1914–1945 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyoffascism00payn |url-access=registration |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |year=1995 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyoffascism00payn/page/394 394]|isbn=9780299148706 }}</ref> Garda Besi mempunyai garis ideologis yang anti-demokratik, anti-kapitalis, anti-komunis, dan anti-Semit. gerakan ini berbeda dari gerakan-gerakan sayap kanan Eropa lainnya pada periode itu. dikarenakan dasar spiritualnya, Garda Besi sangat diilhami oleh mistisisme [[Gereja Ortodoks Rumania|Kristen Ortodoks Rumania]].

Pada bulan Maret 1930, Codreanu membentuk Garda Besi sebagai cabang paramiliter dari Legiun, yang pada tahun 1935 mengubah nama resminya menjadi partai "'''Totul pentru Tară'''", (''Semuanya untuk Negara''). ia di bentuk saat awal [[Perang Dunia Kedua]], dan pada saat itu juga ia berkuasa atas Rumania. Anggota partai ini disebut Legiunir atau "Kemeja Hijau", dikarenakan seragam hijau yang mereka kenakan.<ref>For "greenshirts" see, for example, R. G. Waldeck, ''Athene Palace'', University of Chicago Press eBook (2013), {{ISBN|022608647X}}, p. 182. Originally published 1942.</ref>
Semasa dalam kepemimpinan Codreanu yang kharismatik, legiun itu dikenal akan propagandanya yang memikat, termasuk kecakapan berpidato di depan umum. Terdapat 2 [[Daftar Perdana Menteri Rumania|Perdana Mentri Rumania]] yang menjadi korban gerakan ini, yaitu [[Ion Duca]] dan [[Armand Călinescu]]. Pada tahun [[1940]]. Ketika Marsekal [[Ion Antonescu]] berkuasa pada September 1940, ia membawa Garda Besi ke dalam pemerintahan, menciptakan Negara Legiunir Nasional. Pada Januari 1941, setelah pemberontakan Legiuner, Antonescu menggunakan tentara untuk menekan gerakan itu, menghancurkan organisasi;  komandannya, dan hasilnya; Horia Sima, bersama dengan para pemimpin lainnya, melarikan diri ke [[Nazi Jerman|Jerman]].

== Bibliografi ==
* Heinen, Armin: ''Die Legion "Erzengel Michael" in Rumänien. Soziale Bewegung und politische Organisation. Ein Beitrag zum Problem des internationalen Faschismus'', R. Oldenbourg Verlag, München, 1986, Band 83 vun der Rei ''Südosteuropäische Arbeiten'', 558 S.
* Nagy-Talavera, Nicholas M.: ''The Green Shirts and Others: A History of Fascism in Hungary and Romania'', Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1970.

== Pranala luar ==
* [http://hist.academic.claremontmckenna.edu/jpetropoulos/ironguard/ The Iron Guard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827194208/http://hist.academic.claremontmckenna.edu/jpetropoulos/ironguard/ |date=2008-08-27 }}
* [http://www.nouadreapta.org/ Iron Guard nowadays]
* [http://www.codreanu.ro/ Website dedicated to Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, founder of the Iron Guard]
* [http://www.horiasima.ro/ Website dedicated to Horia Sima, former Commander of the Iron Guard]

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[[Kategori:Partai politik di Rumania]]