Lihat sumber Miju-miju

{{Speciesbox
|genus=Vicia
|species=lens
|name = Miju-miju
|image = 3 types of lentil.jpg
|image_caption = Kacang-kacang lentil
|authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) Coss. & Germ. (1845)
|subdivision_ranks = Subspesies<ref name=powo>{{cite web |title=''Vicia lens'' (L.) Coss. & Germ.. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:524872-1 |access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref>
|subdivision = *''Vicia lens'' subsp. ''lamottei'' {{small|(Czefr.) H.Schaef., Coulot & Rabaute}}
*''Vicia lens'' subsp. ''lens''
| synonyms =
  {{Species list
  |Cicer lens|(L.) Willd. (1802)
  |Ervum lens|L. (1753)
  |Lathyrus lens|(L.) Bernh. (1800)
  |'''Lens culinaris'''|Medik. (1787)
  |Lens esculenta|Moench (1794), nom. superfl.
  |Lens lens|(L.) Huth (1893), not validly publ.
  |Lentilla lens|(L.) W.Wight (1912)
  |Orobus lens|(L.) Stokes (1812)
  }}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=powo/>
}}

'''''Vicia lens''''', '''miju''', '''miju-miju''', atau '''Kacang Lentil''' ({{lang-en|lentil}}; , "kacang merah kecil") merupakan sejenis tumbuhan penghasil [[kacang]]. [[Tumbuhan menahun|Tumbuhan tahunan]] ini berbentuk semak dari [[familia]] [[legume]] yang dikenal karena biji-bijnya bentuk [[:en:lens (geometry)|lensa]]. Tinggi tumbuhan sekitar {{convert|40|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}}. Bijinya tumbuh dalam [[:en:Legume|polong]], biasanya masing-masing berisi 2 biji kacang.
[[Berkas:Llenties maig.JPG|jmpl|Tumbuhan "lentil" di ladang sebelum berbunga]]

Kacang miju-miju telah menjadi bagian makanan manusia sejak zaman purba (masa sebelum pembuatan tembikar atau "aceramic Neolithic"), sebagai salah satu [[:en:Neolithic founder crops|jenis tumbuhan pertama yang dibiakkan]] di [[Timur Dekat]]. Bukti arkeologi menunjukkan bahwa jenis kacang ini telah menjadi bahan makanan 9.500 sampai 13.000 tahun silam.<ref name="zeldes">{{Cite web  | author=Leah A. Zeldes  | title=Eat this! Lentils, a prehistoric foodstuff  | work=Dining Chicago  | publisher=Chicago's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide  | date=16 February 2011  | url=http://www.diningchicago.com/blog/2011/02/16/eat-this-lentils-a-prehistoric-foodstuff/  | accessdate=4 August 2011  | archive-date=2015-05-24  | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524035007/http://www.diningchicago.com/blog/2011/02/16/eat-this-lentils-a-prehistoric-foodstuff/  | dead-url=yes  }}</ref>

Warna kacang miju-miju bervariasi dari kuning, jingga-kemerahan, hijau, coklat dan hitam.<ref name="zeldes" /> Miju-miju juga bervariasi dalam ukuran dan dijual dalam berbagai bentuk, baik dengan atau tanpa kulitnya, baik utuh atau terbelah.

== Jenis ==
[[Berkas:Illustration Lens culinaris0.jpg|jmpl|Ilustrasi tumbuhan kacang lentil, 1885]]
[[Berkas:Lentils red and brown.jpg|jmpl|Perbandingan merah dan coklat]]

* Brown/Spanish pardina.
* French green/[[:en:Le Puy Green lentil|puy lentils]] (dark speckled blue-green)
* Green
* Black/beluga
* Yellow/tan lentils (red inside)
* Red Chief (decorticated yellow lentils)
* Eston Green (Small green)
* Richlea (medium green)
* Laird (large green)
* Petite Golden (decorticated lentils)
* Masoor (brown-skinned lentils which are orange inside)
* Petite crimson/red (decorticated masoor lentils)
* ''Macachiados'' (big Mexican yellow lentils)
<!--
The seeds require a cooking time of 10 to 40 minutes, depending on the variety—shorter for small varieties with the husk removed, such as the common red lentil — and have a distinctive, earthy flavor. Lentil recipes<ref>{{cite web|title=Ajwaini Panch Dal|url=http://kamalkitchen.com/ajwaini-panch-daal-five-lentil-mix-spiced-with-carom-seeds/|accessdate=14 February 2014}}</ref>  are used throughout [[South Asia]], the [[Mediterranean]] regions and [[West Asia]]. They are frequently combined with [[rice]], which has a similar cooking time. A lentil and rice dish is referred to in western Asia as ''[[mujaddara]]'' or ''mejadra''. Rice and lentils are also cooked together in ''[[khichdi]]'', a popular dish in the Indian subcontinent (India and Pakistan); a similar dish, ''[[kushari]]'', made in [[Egypt]], is considered one of two [[national dish]]es. Lentils are used to prepare an inexpensive and nutritious [[soup]] all over [[Europe]] and [[Americas|North and South America]], sometimes combined with some form of [[Chicken (food)|chicken]] or [[pork]].

Dried lentils can also be [[Sprouting|sprouted]] by soaking in water for one day and keeping moist for several days, which changes their nutrition profile.
-->
Kacang lentil dengan ''husk'' akan tetap utuh bila dimasak dalam suhu sedang, sedangkan yang tanpa ''husk'' cenderung hancur menjadi semacam bubur kental, yang dijadikan berbagai masakan.<ref>{{cite web | title=Red lentil recipes | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/red_lentil | publisher=BBC | date=2011  | accessdate=4 August 2011}}</ref>

== Nilai gizi dan manfaat kesehatan ==
{{nutritionalvalue
| name = Lentil, mentah (berat kering)
| kJ=1477
| water=10.4 g
| protein=26 g
| fat=1 g
| carbs = 60 g
| sugars = 2 g
| fiber=3.1 g
| calcium_mg=56
| iron_mg=7.54
| magnesium_mg=122
| phosphorus_mg=451
| potassium_mg=955
| sodium_mg=6
| zinc_mg=4.78
| vitC_mg=4.4
| thiamin_mg=0.87
| riboflavin_mg=0.211
| niacin_mg=2.605
| pantothenic_mg=2.120
| vitB6_mg=0.54
| folate_ug=479
| source_usda=1
| note=[http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=16069&format=Full Link to USDA Database entry]
}}

Sekitar 30% sumber kalori kacang ini berasal dari protein, sehingga berada di peringkat ketiga dalam kadar protein menurut beratnya dari semua jenis kacang-kacangan, yaitu setelah [[kedelai]] dan [[:en:hemp|hemp]].<ref>Callaway JC (2004). Hempseed as a nutritional resource: an overview. Euphytica 140:65–72.</ref> Protein yang terkandung meliputi [[asam amino esensiel]] [[isoleucine]] dan [[lisin]]. Kacang lentil merupakan sumber protein esensiel yang murah pada banyak bagian tempat di bumi, khususnya [[Asia BaratW]] dan [[:en:Indian subcontinent|subkontinen India]], yang dihuni oleh populasi luas [[:en:vegetarianism|vegetarian]] populations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glisonline.com/aminoacids.php|title=Essential Amino Acids|publisher=|accessdate=19 September 2014}}</ref> Kacang lentil tidak mengandung dua [[asam amino]] esensiel, yaitu [[methionine]] dan [[cysteine]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/alt-ag/lentil.htm |title= Lentil |author= Randy Sell |publisher= [[North Dakota State University]] Department of Agricultural Economics |accessdate= 14 December 2011 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090621014402/http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/alt-ag/lentil.htm |archivedate= 2009-06-21 |dead-url= no }}</ref>
<!--
Lentils also contain [[dietary fiber]], [[folate]], [[vitamin B1|vitamin B<sub>1</sub>]], and minerals. Red (or pink) lentils contain a lower concentration of fiber than green lentils (11% rather than 31%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/|title=USDA nutrient database|publisher=|accessdate=19 September 2014}}</ref> ''Health'' magazine has selected lentils as one of the five healthiest foods.<ref name="Raymond 2006">{{Cite web|url=http://www.health.com/health/article/0,,20410301,00.html |title=World's Healthiest Foods: Lentils (India) |first=Joan |last=Raymond |date=March 2006 |work=Health Magazine}}</ref>

The low levels of Readily Digestible Starch (RDS) 5%, and high levels of Slowly Digested Starch (SDS) 30%, make lentils of great interest to people with [[diabetes]]. The remaining 65% of the starch is a [[resistant starch]] that is classified RS1,<ref>Kawaljit Singh Sandhu, Seung-Taik Lim ''Digestibility of legume starches as influenced by their physical and structural properties'' Elsevier, 16 March 2007</ref> being a high quality resistant starch, which is 32% [[amylose]].

Lentils also have some anti-nutritional factors, such as [[trypsin inhibitor]]s and relatively high [[phytate]] content. Trypsin is an enzyme involved in digestion, and phytates reduce the bio-availability of dietary minerals.<ref>[http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf00046a039 "Effect of processing on some anti-nutritional factors of lentils"], ''J. Agric. Food Chem.''</ref> The phytates can be reduced by soaking the lentils in warm water overnight.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
-->
Lentil merupakan sumber [[:en:Human iron metabolism|zat besi]] yang baik, mampu memberikan lebih dari kebutuhan harian seorang dewasa hanya dalam takaran satu cangkir.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vrg.org/nutrition/iron.htm|title="Iron: food sources"|publisher=|accessdate=19 September 2014}}</ref>

== Produksi ==
[[Berkas:Lentiloutput.png|jmpl|Produksi kacang lentil di dunia]]

Kacang lentil cukup toleran terhadap [[kekeringan]], dan dibiakkan di seluruh dunia. [[FAO]] melaporkan produksi kacang lentil dunia pada tahun 2009 mencapai 3,917 juta ton, terutama dari [[Kanada]], [[India]], [[Turki]] dan [[Australia]].
<!--
About a quarter of the worldwide production of lentils is from [[India]], most of which is consumed in the domestic market. [[Canada]] is the largest export producer of lentils in the world, and [[Saskatchewan]] is the most important producing region in Canada (growing 99% of Canadian lentils).<ref name="pulsecanada">{{cite web|url=http://www.pulsecanada.com/about-us/what-is-a-pulse/lentil|title=Lentil (Lens culinaris)|publisher=Pulse Canada|accessdate=24 January 2015}}</ref> [[Statistics Canada]] estimates that Canadian lentil production for the 2009/10 year was a record 1.5 million metric tons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agr.gc.ca/pol/mad-dam/index_e.php?s1=pubs&s2=spec&PHPSESSID=1d7c05ebd65aa90dd7ff96aba3cc7f64|title=Crops Market Information - Canadian Industry|publisher=|accessdate=19 September 2014}}</ref> The most commonly grown type is the Laird lentil.<ref name="pulsecanada"/>

The [[Palouse]] region of eastern [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and the [[Idaho]] panhandle, with its commercial center at [[Pullman, Washington]], constitute the most important lentil-producing region in the United States.<ref>{{Cite document| title=Crop Profile for Lentils in Idaho |publisher=Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Science, University of Idaho (web site) |year=2000| postscript=<!--None-->}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki> [[Montana]] and [[North Dakota]] are also significant lentil growers.<ref name="zeldes" /> The [[National Agricultural Statistics Service]] reported United States 2007 production at 154.5 thousand metric tons.
-->
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="float:left;
|+ 10 negara penghasil kacang lentil terbesar<br />(dalam ton)
!Peringkat
!Negara
!2010
!2011
!2012
|-
| 1 || {{CAN}} || 1,947,100 || 1,531,900 || 1,493,620
|-
| 2 || {{IND}} || 1,031,600 || 943,800 || 950,000
|-
| 3 || {{AUS}} || 140,000 || 379,659 || 463,000
|-
| 4 || {{TUR}} || 447,400 || 405,952 || 438,000
|-
| 5 || {{USA}} || 392,675 || 214,640 || 240,490
|-
| 6 || {{NEP}} || 151,757 || 206,969 || 208,201
|-
| 7 || {{ETH}} || 80,952 || 128,009 || 151,500
|-
| 8 || {{CHN}} || 125,000 || 150,000 || 145,000
|-
| 9 || {{SYR}} || 77,328 || 112,470 || 130,229
|-
| 10 || {{IRN}} || 100,174 || 71,808 || 85,000
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
| — || ''[[World]]'' || 4,686,673  || 4,386,870  ||  4,522,097
|-
|colspan=5 | <center> ''Source: [[FAO|UN Food & Agriculture Organization]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx|publisher= [[FAO|UN Food & Agriculture Organization]]|title=Production of Lentils by countries|year=2012|accessdate=21 February 2014}}</ref>
|}<ref>International Feed Number, 5-02-506</ref> 0
<!--
==Diseases==
{{Main|List of lentil diseases}}

== In culture ==
The lens ([[Convex lens#Types of simple lenses|double-convex]] shaped) is called as such because the lentil is similar in shape to an optical lens. ''Lens'' is the Latin name for lentil.

Lentils are mentioned many times in the [[Alkitab]], the first time recounting the incident in which [[Jacob]] purchases the birthright from [[Esau]] with stewed lentils (a "[[mess of pottage]]").<ref>{{bible|Genesis 25:34}}, http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0125.htm</ref> In [[Bereavement in Judaism|Jewish mourning]] tradition, lentils are traditional as food for mourners, together with boiled [[Egg (food)|eggs]], because their round shape symbolizes the life cycle from birth to death.

Lentils were a chief part of the diet of ancient Iranians, who consumed lentils daily in the form of a stew poured over rice.

Lentils are also commonly used in [[Ethiopia]] in a stew-like dish called ''kik'', or ''kik wot'', one of the dishes people eat with Ethiopia's national food, ''[[injera]]'' flat bread. Yellow lentils are used to make a non-spicy stew, which is one of the first solid foods Ethiopian women feed their babies.

In [[Indian Subcontinent]], [[Dhal]] or lentil curry is part of everyday diet which is eaten with both rice and roti. Boiled lentil & lentil stock are used as thickening agent in most vegetarian curries. They are also used as stuffing in Dal Parathas & Puris. Lentils are also used in many regional varieties of sweets. It is considered to be one of the best foods because the internal chemical structures are not altered by cooking.

In [[Italy]] and [[Hungary]], eating lentils on [[New Year's Eve]] traditionally symbolizes the hope for a prosperous new year, most likely because of their round, coin-like form.

In [[Shia Islam|Shia]] narrations, lentils are said to be blessed by seventy Prophets, including Jesus and Mohammed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jesus through Shiite Narrations |chapter= Preaching of Jesus No. 63 |url= http://www.al-islam.org/jesus_shiite_narrations/21.htm |publisher=Al-islam.org}}</ref>
-->
== Lihat pula ==
{{portal|Makanan}}
* ''[[Dal_(makanan)|Dal]]''
<!--* [[Lentil soup]]
* [[Moujadara]]
* [[National Lentil Festival]]
* [[Revalenta arabica]], a 19th-century patent medicine made of lentils
* [[Pigeon pea]], sometimes mistakenly called "yellow lentils"-->

== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Pustaka tambahan ==
* [[:en:Alan Davidson (food writer)|Alan Davidson]], ''The Oxford Companion to Food''. ISBN 0-19-211579-0
* S S Yadav et al. ''Lentil: An Ancient Crop for Modern Times''. (2007). Springer Verlag. ISBN 978-1-4020-6312-1.

== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons|Lens culinaris}}
{{unimelb|Lens.html}}
{{Cookbook|Lentil}}
* [http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/agricultural/lentils/ Lentils – Country Production, Consumption, Exports, and Imports Statistics]
* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/lentil.html Alternative Field Crops Manual: Lentil]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q131226}}
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategori:Vicia]]
[[Kategori:Kacang-kacangan]]
[[Kategori:Kacang]]
[[Kategori:Tumbuhan pangan]]
[[Kategori:Tanaman pangan]]
[[Kategori:Tumbuhan di Al-Qur'an]]