Lihat sumber Neo-Vedanta

'''''Neo-Vedanta''''', juga disebut '''''Hindu modernisme''''',{{sfn|Flood|1996|p=258}} '''''neo-Hinduisme''''',{{sfn|King|2002|p=93}} '''''Global Hinduisme'''''{{sfn|Flood|1996|p=265}} dan '''''Hindu Universalisme''''',<ref group=web>[http://bharatabharati.wordpress.com/2012/02/15/neo-vedanta-the-problem-with-hindu-universalism-frank-gaetano-morales/ Frank Morales, ''Neo-Vedanta: The problem with Hindu Universalism'']</ref> adalah istilah yang digunakan oleh sarjana-sarjana modern, utamanya barat, untuk mengkarakteristikan interpretasi [[Hinduisme]] yang berkembang pada abad ke-19 dalam menanggapi [[kolonialisme]] dan [[orientalisme]] barat. Interpretasi Hinduisme modern tersebut berkontribusi terhadap [[perjuangan kebebasan India]] dan identitas India sebagai sebuah negara yang modern, toleran dan merdeka.

== Gerakan-gerakan Neo-Vedanta ==

Beberapa gerakan Hindu modern muncul di India pada periode antara abad ke-18 dan ke-20, antara lain sebagai berikut:

* '''[[Brahmoisme]]''': gerakan keagamaan yang berasal dari [[Benggala]] pada awal abad ke-19. Gerakan ini didirikan oleh [[Ram Mohan Roy]]. Dia menggagas pentingnya pemanfaatan nalar untuk mereformasi praktik sosial dan religius agama Hindu, dengan pengaruh dari [[monoteisme|agama monoteistis]] dan ilmu pengetahuan modern.<ref name="test">''Chambers Dictionary Of World History''. Editor BP Lenman. Chambers. 2000.</ref> Brahmoisme menolak dogma, takhayul, otoritas kitab suci, dan penggambaran Tuhan.<ref>[http://brahmosamaj.org/ brahmosamaj.org - BRAHMO SAMAJ<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* '''[[Prarthana Samaj]]''': gerakan reformasi sosial dan keagamaan yang dimulai di [[Bombay]], didirikan oleh Dr. Atmaram Pandurang pada tahun 1867 dengan tujuan agar masyarakat meyakini satu Tuhan dan hanya menyembah satu Tuhan. Gerakan ini dimulai sebagai reformasi sosial dan keagamaan sebagaimana [[Brahmo Samaj]]. Perintis Prarthana Samaj di Mumbai adalah Paramahamsa Sabha, perkumpulan rahasia untuk memajukan gagasan-gagasan liberal yang didirikan oleh Ram Balkrishna Jaykar.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/hindu/devot/prarth.html | title=Prarthana Samaj | publisher=PHILTAR | place=St. Martin's College | access-date=2018-06-08 | archive-date=2010-01-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125150225/http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/hindu/devot/prarth.html | dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* '''[[Arya Samaj]]''': gerakan reformasi Hindu yang diprakarsai oleh [[Swami Dayananda]], dan didirikan pada tanggal {{nowrap|7 April 1875}}.{{sfn|Hastings|2003|p=57}} Gerakan ini bermaksud mengamalkan ''[[Weda]]'' sebagaimana mestinya, dan mengesampingkan kitab-kitab yang ditulis setelah ''Weda''. Gerakan ini bersifat [[monoteisme|monoteistis]] karena tidak mengakui dewa-dewi tertentu,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://aryasamaj.com/global/?page_id=151 | title=Principles of Arya Samaj | publisher=Arya Samaj.com | access-date=2018-06-08 | archive-date=2014-01-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101003813/http://aryasamaj.com/global/?page_id=151 | dead-url=yes }}</ref> serta menolak pemujaan Tuhan dengan sarana patung atau lukisan.{{sfn|Naidoo|1982|p=158}}{{sfn|Lata|1990|p=x}}
* '''[[Misi Ramakrishna]]''': gerakan filantropis dan sukarela yang diprakarsai oleh murid [[Ramakrishna]], [[Swami Vivekananda]], pada tanggal {{nowrap|1 Mei 1897}}. Gerakan ini berfokus pada masalah kemanusiaan seperti pemeliharaan kesehatan, bencana alam, kesejahteraan masyarakat desa, pendidikan, dan lain-lain. Misi gerakan ini berdasarkan konsep ''[[Karma Yoga|Karmayoga]]''.{{sfn|Agarwal|1998|p=243}} Dalil-dalil yang digunakan adalah filsafat [[Wedanta]].<ref name="belurmath">{{cite web| url=http://www.belurmath.org/ |title=Belur Math (situs resmi)}}</ref>
* '''[[Masyarakat Internasional Kesadaran Krishna]]''' (''The International Society for Krishna Consciousness''–ISKCON): gerakan keagamaan berdasarkan tradisi [[Gaudiya Waisnawa]]. Gerakan ini juga dikenal dengan nama "Gerakan Hare Krishna", didirikan pada tahun [[1966]] di [[New York City]] oleh [[Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada|A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]]. Ajarannya berpegang pada ''[[Bhagawadgita]]'' dan ''[[Bhagawatapurana|Srimad Bhagawatam]]''. Gerakan ini didirikan untuk menyebarkan ''[[Bhakti Yoga|Bhaktiyoga]]'' dan memuja Tuhan dengan wujud [[Kresna]].

== Lihat pula ==
{{div col|cols=2}}
* [[Renaissance Bengali]]
* [[Gerakan reformasi Hindu]]
* [[Politik Hindu]]
* [[Nasionalisme Hindu]]
* [[Sanskritisasi]]
* [[Indo-Aryanisasi]]
* [[Hinduisme di Barat]]
* [[Modernisme Buddha]]
{{div col end}}

== Referensi ==
{{reflist|3}}

== Sumber ==

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{{refend}}

=== Kutipan web ===
{{reflist|group=web}}

== Bacaan tambahan ==
* {{Citation | last =King | first =Richard | year =2002 | title =Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India and "The Mystic East" | publisher =Routledge}}
* {{Citation | last =Sooklal | first =Anil | year =1993 | title =The Neo-Vedanta Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda | journal =Nidan, 5, 1993 | url =http://reference.sabinet.co.za/webx/access/journal_archive/10165320/86.pdf}}

== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.reocities.com/neovedanta/list.html International Forum for NeoVedantins] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313114058/http://www.reocities.com/neovedanta/list.html |date=2013-03-13 }}
'''History'''
* [http://www.anandamayi.org/books/Bithika2.htm Bithika Mukerji, ''Neo-Vedanta and Modernity'']
* [http://kelamuni.blogspot.nl/2006/09/neo-vedanta-of-swami-vivekananda-part_11.html Kelamuni, ''The Neo-Vedanta of Swami Vivekananda: Part One'']
* [http://kelamuni.blogspot.nl/2008/02/neo-vedanta-of-swami-vivekananda-part.html Kelamuni, ''The Neo-Vedanta of Swami Vivekananda: Part Two'']
'''Criticism'''
* [http://bharatabharati.wordpress.com/2012/02/15/neo-vedanta-the-problem-with-hindu-universalism-frank-gaetano-morales/ Frank Morales, ''Neo-Vedanta: The problem with Hindu Universalism'']
* [http://www.dharmacentral.com/forum/content.php?126-Critique-of-Neo-Hinduism DharmaCentral.com, ''A Devastating Critique of Neo-Hinduism ''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930022113/http://www.dharmacentral.com/forum/content.php?126-Critique-of-Neo-Hinduism |date=2010-09-30 }}

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