Lihat sumber PSLV-C37

{{pp-pc1|expiry=08:36, 18 March 2017|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox spaceflight|name=PSLV-C37|names_list=<!--image of the spacecraft/mission-->|image=PSLV.svg|image_caption=Model roket [[PSLV]]
|image_alt=Model sebuah roket
|image_size=30px <!--Basic details-->
|mission_type=Penempatan 104 [[satelit]]
|operator=[[ISRO]]
|website=[http://www.isro.gov.in/ ISRO website]|mission_duration=<!--Spacecraft properties-->
|spacecraft=[[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]]
|spacecraft_type=[[Expendable launch vehicle]]|spacecraft_bus=<!--eg. A2100M, Star-2, etc-->
|manufacturer=[[ISRO]]
|launch_mass={{convert|320000|kg|lbs}}|payload_mass={{convert|1378|kg|lbs}}|dimensions=<!--{{convert|44.4|m|ft|0}}<br />(overall height)-->
|crew_size=[[Pesawat tanpa awak|Tanpa awak]]
|launch_date={{start date|df=yes|2017|02|15|09|28|00|TZ=IST}} ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]])
|launch_rocket=[[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]]
|launch_site=[[Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad|Sriharikota Launching Range]]
|launch_contractor=[[ISRO]] <!--Cargo parameters-->|payload_items={{Collapsible list     |framestyle=border:none; padding:0; <!--Hides borders and improves row spacing-->     |title=Daftar satelit:  | {{Flagicon|India}} [[Cartosat-2D]]<br />  | {{Flagicon|India}} INS-1A<br />  | {{Flagicon|India}} INS-1B <br />  | {{Flagicon|UAE}} Nayif-1<br />  | {{Flagicon|Kazakhstan}} Al Farabi-1<br />  | {{Flagicon|Netherlands}}  PEASSS  | {{Flagicon|Israel}} BGUSat<br />  | {{Flagicon|Switzerland}}  DIDO-2  | {{Flagicon|USA}}  Doves (Flock 3p)  | {{Flagicon|USA}}  LEMUR Nano   }}|cargo_mass={{convert|1500|kg|lbs}}|programme=[[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle#Launch history|Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle missions]]|previous_mission=[[PSLV-C36]]|next_mission=[[PSLV-C38]]}}
'''PSLV-C37''' (juga dikenal dengan nama '''Cartosat-2 series satellite''') adalah misi ke-39 dari program [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV]] dan merupakan misi ke-16 dalam konfigurasi [[PSLV-XL|XL]].<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /> PSLV-C37 berhasil mengangkut dan menyebar 104 satelit pemantau di [[Sun-synchronous orbit]].<ref name="TOI">{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-sets-history-launches-104-satellites-in-one-go/articleshow/57159734.cms|title=Isro creates history, launches 104 satellites in one go|date=15 February 2017|newspaper=The Times of India|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref> Diluncurkan pada 15 Februari 2017 oleh [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) dari [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] at [[Sriharikota]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], ini memecahkan rekor sebelumnya yang cuma meluncurkan 37 satelit oleh roket [[Russia]]n [[Dnepr (rocket)|Dnepr]] pada 19 Juni2014<ref>https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2014/06/russian-dnepr-rocket-record-launch-37-satellites/</ref> dan 29 satelit oleh roket Minotaur milik [[NASA]] pada 19 November 2013.<ref>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/19/nasa-minotaur-rocket-launch-east-coast-livestream_n_4295726.html</ref><ref name="FirstPost">{{cite web|url=http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/isros-pslv-c37-launch-scheduled-for-15-february-at-900-am-here-are-the-confirmed-details-361100.html|title=ISRO's PSLV-C37 launch scheduled for 15 February at 9:00&nbsp;am|date=7 February 2017|accessdate=7 February 2017|work=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-launch-record-104-satellites/liveblog/57157961.cms|title=Isro's launch of record 104 satellites|date=15 February 2017|newspaper=The Times of India|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref> Biaya peluncuran itu sendiri menelan anggaran sebesar US$15&nbsp;juta. Menurut ISRO, 101 satelit internasional yang diluncurkan itu merupakan bagian dari rancangan komersial antara beberapa negara dan [[Antrix Corporation Limited]], sebuah perusahaan yang dijalankan oleh pemerintah [[India]] di bawah Departemen Luar Angkasa, sebuah lembaga komersial milik militer ISRO.<ref name="PSLV-C37 / Cartosat -2 Series Satellite">{{Cite news|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c37-cartosat-2-series-satellite|title=PSLV-C37 / Cartosat -2 Series Satellite|work=ISRO|publication-date=15 February 2017|access-date=16 February 2017|archive-date=2017-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216144908/http://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c37-cartosat-2-series-satellite|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

== Peluncuran ==
PSLV-C37 diluncurkan dari Satish Dhawan Space Centre di Sriharikota pada 09:28 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] tanggal 15 Februari 2017. Misi ini mengangkut total 104 satelit termasuk {{Convert|714|kg}} muatan utama [[Cartosat-2D]].<ref name="TOI" /><ref name="HT">{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/final-countdown-isro-hours-away-from-record-launch-of-104-satellites-into-space/story-yfC70LKVupmiagGxWvnW0I.html|title=ISRO sets space record: Highlights of successful launch of Cartosat-2 and 103 other satellites|date=15 February 2017|newspaper=Hindustan Times|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="thehindu">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ISRO-launches-104-satellites-in-one-go-creates-history/article17305373.ece|title=ISRO launches 104 satellites in one go, creates history|work=The Hindu|publication-date=15 February 2017|access-date=15 February 2017}}</ref> Peluncur mulai meletakkan satelit-satelit pada polar Sun Synchronous Orbit satu setelah yang lain, setelah sebuah penerbangan 16 menit 48 detik.<ref name="TOI" /><ref name="isro.gov.in" /> Yang pertama menginjeksi satellit Cartosat-2D pada altitude 510.383&nbsp;km,<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /> diikuti dengan ISRO nano satellit INS-1A dan INS-1B.<ref name="TOI" /><ref name="isro.gov.in" /> Memerlukan waktu 11 menit PSLV C-37 untuk meletakkan sisa 101 satelit "co-passenger" ke dalam orbit mereka.<ref name="thehindu" />

Tak lama setelah pemisahan dari alat peluncur, kedua solar array satelit Cartosat-2D otomatis disebar. Setelah itu, [[ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network|ISRO's Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network]] di [[Bengaluru]] memerlukan kendali lebih dari satelit. Satelit ini, mengantarkan ke tahap konfigurasi operasi final, akan mulai untuk menyediakan alat kendali akan mulai menyediakan layanan penginderaan jarak jauh menggunakan pankromatiknya (hitam dan putih) dan kamera multispektral (berwarna). Misi berakhir selama 29 menit.<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /><ref name="thehindu" /><ref name="isro.gov.in">{{Cite web|url=http://isro.gov.in/update/15-feb-2017/pslv-c37-successfully-launches-104-satellites-single-flight|title=PSLV-C37 Successfully Launches 104 Satellites in a Single Flight|date=15 February 2017|publisher=ISRO|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=2017-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216142832/http://isro.gov.in/update/15-feb-2017/pslv-c37-successfully-launches-104-satellites-single-flight|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

Awalnya, PSLV-C37 akan diluncurkan pada bulan Januari 2017 dengan jumlah 83 satelit. Dengan tambahan dua puluh lebih satelit yang akan dimuat, tetapi jadwal tersebut diubah menjadi 15 Februari 2017.<ref name="FirstPost" />

== Muatan dan parameter lainnya ==
* '''Mass''':
** ''Total liftoff weight:'' {{convert|320000|kg|lbs}}
** ''Payload weight:'' {{convert|1378|kg|lbs}}
* '''Overall height''': {{convert|44.4|m|ft|1}}
* '''Propellant''':
** ''Stage 1:'' [[Solid-fuel rocket|Solid]] [[Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene|HTPB based]]
** ''Stage 2:'' [[Liquid fuel rocket|Liquid]] [[UH 25]] + [[N2O4]]
** ''Stage 3:'' [[Solid-fuel rocket|Solid]] [[Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene|HTPB based]]
** ''Stage 4:'' [[Liquid fuel rocket|Liquid]] [[Monomethylhydrazine|MMH]] + [[Mixed oxides of nitrogen|MON-3]]
* '''Altitude''': {{convert|505|km|mi|0}}
* '''Maximum velocity''': {{convert|7809.52|m/s|ft/s|0}} (recorded at time of Cartosat-2D separation)
* '''Inclination''': 97.46°
* '''Period''': 28 minutes 42 seconds<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure">{{cite news|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c37-cartosat-2-series-satellite/pslv-c37-brochure-0|title=PSLV-C37 Brochure|publisher=[[Indian Space Research Organisation]] website|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=2017-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408124444/http://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c37-cartosat-2-series-satellite/pslv-c37-brochure-0?page=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

Roket meluncurkan 104 satelit: dua [[Small satellite#Nanosatellites|Nano satelit]] dari India, satu masing-masing dari [[Kazakhstan]], [[Israel]], [[Belanda]], [[Swiss]], dan [[Uni Emirat Arab]] bersama 96 buah dari [[Amerika Serikat]] (88 [[Planet Labs|Dove satellites]] dan 8 LEMUR satellites).<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /> Tiga satelit India yang diluncurkan adalah Cartosat-2D, INS-1A, and INS-1B.<ref name="theindianexpress">{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-scales-104-heights-satellites-sets-record-polar-satellite-launch-vehicle-pslv-c37-4526937/|title=Indian Space Research Organisation scales 104 heights|date=16 February 2017|newspaper=The Indian Express|accessdate=16 February 2017}}</ref> 101 satelit yang diluncurkan ini merupakan bagian dari rencana komersial antara [[Antrix Corporation Limited]], [[Department of Space|Departmen Luar Angkasa]] oleh Pemerintah India, lembaga komersial militer ISRO, dan The International customers.<ref name="PSLV-C37 / Cartosat -2 Series Satellite" />

The Cartosat-2D berbobot {{Convert|714|kg}}, dirancang untuk beroperasi selama 5 tahun.<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /> Satelit ini digunakan untuk Observasi Bumi.<ref name="theguardian">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/feb/15/india-launches-record-breaking-104-satellites-from-single-rocket|title=India launches record-breaking 104 satellites from single rocket|date=15 February 2017|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref> INS-1A dan INS-1B merupakan demonstrator teknologi nano-satelit dengan misi beberapa percobaan. INS-1A membawa dua muatan utama, Surface Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function Radiometer (SBR) dan Single Event Upset Monitor (SEUM). INS-1B mengangkut Earth Exosphere Lyman-Alpha Analyzer (EELA) dan Origami Camera sebagai muatannya.<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /> Dua satelit ini berbobot {{Convert|8.4|kg}} dan {{Convert|9.7|kg}} masing-masing.<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /><ref name="isro.gov.in" /> 103 satelit penumpang memberi kontribusi sekitar {{Convert|664|kg}} dengan total muatan mencapai {{Convert|1378|kg}}.<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /> Total masa peluncuran dari roket itu mencapai {{convert|320000|kg}}.<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /> Di antara 96 satelit milik perusahaan-perusahaan di Amerika Serikat, 88 [[CubeSat]]s adalah milik [[Planet Labs]], sebuah perusahaan yang bermarkas di [[San Francisco]], [[California]].<ref name="TOI" /> berbobot sekitar {{Convert|5|kg}} masing-masing dipisahkan dari roket di arah yang berbeda untuk menghindari tabrakan.<ref name="newstodaynet">{{Cite news|url=http://newstodaynet.com/nation/isro-sets-record-launches-104-sats-one-go|title=ISRO sets record, launches 104 sats at one go|date=16 February 2017|work=News Today|accessdate=16 February 2017}}{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dengan peluncuran PSLV-C37, Planet Labs meningkatkan armada satelit menjadi 143.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/244486-india-sets-world-record-104-satellites-single-launch|title=India sets world record with 104 satellites in a single rocket launch|date=15 February 2017|website=ExtremeTech|accessdate=17 February 2017}}</ref>

Satelit Eight Lemur-2 milik [[Spire Global]] akan menyediakan pelacakan kapal dan jasa pengukuran cuaca. Satelit-satelit ini memiliki umur sekitar dua sampai tiga tahun dan akan membutuhkan pembaharuan biasa.<ref name="TOI" /><ref name="business-standard">{{Cite news|url=http://wap.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/isro-launches-record-104-satellites-into-orbit-117021500134_1.html|title=Isro launches record 104 satellites into orbit|date=16 February 2017|newspaper=Business Standard|accessdate=16 February 2017}}</ref>

PSLV-C37 menggunakan [[Rocket engine nozzle|mesin rocket engine nozzle]] buatan [[Vijayawada]], Andhra Pradesh yang berbasis pada [[Resins and Allied Productions]] (RAP). Ini merupakan nozzle ke-100 buatan RAP yang digunakan dalam PSLV.<ref name="100th">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/PSLV-C-37-scheduled-for-launch-on-January-27/article16895637.ece|title=PSLV-C 37 scheduled for launch on January 27|date=17 December 2016|location=Vijayawada|newspaper=The Hindu|accessdate=7 February 2017}}</ref> Beberapa komponen the PSLV-C37 dibuat oleh [[Larsen & Toubro]] dan dikembangkan dengan fasilitas Advanced Composite di [[Vadodara]], [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://profit.ndtv.com/news/corporates/article-l-t-aerospace-unit-plays-role-in-isro-launch-of-104-satellites-1660334|title=L&T Aerospace Unit Plays Role in ISRO Launch of 104 Satellites|publisher=NDTV|accessdate=17 February 2017}}</ref>

== Biaya ==
Total biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk melaksanakan misi tersebut mencapai US$15 juta untuk 1378&nbsp;kg muatan utama.<ref name="IE">{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-satellite-launch-pslv-c-37-world-record-4526139/|title=Five reasons why ISRO is a force to be reckoned with|date=15 February 2017|newspaper=The Indian Express|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref> ISRO mengatakan bahwa ini menutup setengah dari anggaran misi dari luar negeri yang satelitnya akan diluncurkan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/isro-to-recover-half-the-cost-of-record-breaking-pslv-c37-launch-from-foreign-customers-361311.html|title=ISRO to recover half the cost of record breaking PSLV-C37 launch from foreign customers|date=8 February 2017|accessdate=8 February 2017|newspaper=Firstpost|archive-date=2017-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208065705/http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/isro-to-recover-half-the-cost-of-record-breaking-pslv-c37-launch-from-foreign-customers-361311.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

== Referensi ==
{{reflist|30em}}

[[Kategori:Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]]
[[Kategori:Spacecraft launched by India in 2017]]