Lihat sumber Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

{{Infobox U.S. legislation
| name = Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
| fullname = The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
| acronym = PPACA
| nickname = Affordable Care Act, Health Insurance Reform, Healthcare Reform, Obamacare
| enacted by = ke-111
| effective date = 23 Maret 2010<br />Kebanyakan ketetapan utama diberlakukan pada Januari 2014; ketetapan sisanya pada tahun 2020
| public law url = http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-111publ148/content-detail.html
| cite public law = 111–148
| cite statutes at large = 124 Stat. 119 ''melalui'' 124 Stat. 1025 (906 halaman)
| acts amended =
| title amended =
| sections created =
| sections amended =
| leghisturl = http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d111:HR03590:@@@S
| introducedin = DPR
| introducedbill = '''the''' "Service Members Home Ownership Tax Act of 2009" ({{USBill|111|H.R.|3590}})
| introducedby = [[Charles B. Rangel|Charles Rangel]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]–[[New York|NY]])
| introduceddate = 17 September 2009
| committees = [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|Ways and Means]]
| passedbody1 = DPR
| passedas1 = "Service Members Home Ownership Tax Act of 2009"
| passeddate1 = 8 Oktober 2009
| passedvote1 = [http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2009/roll768.xml 416–0]
| passedbody2 = Senat
| passedas2 = "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act"
| passeddate2 = 24 Desember 2009
| passedvote2 = [http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396 60–39]
| agreedbody3 = DPR
| agreeddate3 = 21 Maret 2010
| agreedvote3 = [http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2010/roll165.xml 219–212]
| signedpresident = [[Barack Obama]]
| signeddate = 23 Maret 2010
| amendments = [[Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010]]<br />Comprehensive 1099 Taxpayer Protection and Repayment of Exchange Subsidy Overpayments Act of 2011
| SCOTUS cases = ''[[National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius]]''
}}

'''Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act''' ('''PPACA'''),<ref>{{USPL|111|148}}, {{USStat|124|119}}, yang ditandai telah diamendemen di sejumlah pasal-pasal tentang [[Internal Revenue Code]] dan di [[Title 42 of the United States Code|42 U.S.C.]]</ref> biasa disebut '''Obamacare'''<ref name="CNN20120625Obamacare" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2012/mar/20/romneycare-and-obamacare-can-you-tell-difference/ |title=RomneyCare & ObamaCare: Can you tell the difference? |last=Holan |first=Angie D. |author= |authorlink= |date=March 20, 2012 |work=PolitiFact.com |publisher=Tampa Bay Times |location= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |quote= |ref= }}</ref> atau '''hukum layanan kesehatan federal''', adalah sebuah [[hukum Amerika Serikat#Hukum federal|hukum federal]] yang disahkan oleh [[Presiden Amerika Serikat|Presiden]] [[Barack Obama]] pada tanggal 23 Maret 2010. Bersama [[Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act]], UU ini mengusung perombakan regulasi [[layanan kesehatan di Amerika Serikat|sistem layanan kesehatan Amerika Serikat]] terbesar sejak disahkannya [[Medicare (Amerika Serikat)|Medicare]] dan [[Medicaid]] tahun 1965.<ref name=overhaul>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/28/usa-healthcare-court-idUSL2E8HS4WG20120628|title=US top court upholds healthcare law in Obama triumph|publisher=Reuters|author=James Vicini and Jonathan Stempel|date=June 28, 2012|access-date=2013-01-23|archive-date=2014-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813161302/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/28/usa-healthcare-court-idUSL2E8HS4WG20120628|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

PPACA lebih ditujukan untuk mengurangi [[cakupan asuransi kesehatan di Amerika Serikat|jumlah warga Amerika Serikat tak terasuransikan]] dan seluruh biaya layanan kesehatan. UU ini menyediakan berbagai macam mekanisme—termasuk [[mandat individu|mandat]], [[subsidi]], dan [[kredit pajak]]—untuk para pengusaha dan individu demi meningkatkan tingkat cakupan asuransi.<ref name="nyt-critics">{{cite news|newspaper=[[New York Times]]|title= Health Law Critics Prepare to Battle Over Insurance Exchange Subsidies|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/08/us/critics-of-health-care-law-prepare-to-battle-over-insurance-exchange-subsidies.html|first=Robert|last=Pear|date=July 7, 2012|accessdate=July 7, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2010/feb/04/paul-krugman/krugman-calls-senate-health-care-bill-similar-law-/ |title=Krugman calls Senate health care bill similar to law in Massachusetts |last=Krugman |first=Paul |author= |authorlink= |date=January 31, 2010 |work=PolitiFact.com |publisher=Tampa Bay Times |location= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |quote= |ref= }}</ref> Reformasi lain bertujuan memperbaiki hasil layanan kesehatan dan menyederhanakan penyaluran layanan kesehatan. PPACA mensyaratkan perusahaan-perusahaan asuransi [[pengeluaran terjamin|mencakup semua pendaftar]] dan [[penilaian masyarakat|menawarkan nilai yang sama]] tanpa melihat [[kondisi tak jelas]] atau jenis kelamin.<ref>{{cite news|title=Supreme Court Upholds Heart of Obama Health Care Law Seeking to Cover 30 Million Uninsured|author=Hearst, Steven R.|url=http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/Supreme+Court+upholds+heart+Obamacare/6854896/story.html|newspaper=The Gazette|date=June 28, 2012|accessdate=June 30, 2012}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=ObamaCare Survives the Supreme Court: 5 Takeaways|url=http://theweek.com/article/index/229985/obamacare-survives-the-supreme-court-5-takeaways|newspaper=The Week|date=June 28, 2012|accessdate=June 30, 2012}}</ref> [[Congressional Budget Office]] memperkirakan PPACA akan mengurangi defisit selanjutnya<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/ftpdocs/121xx/doc12119/03-30-healthcarelegislation.pdf |title=CBO's Analysis of the Major Health Care Legislation Enacted in March 2010 |author=Elmendorf, Douglas W. |date=March 30, 2011 |publisher=[[Congressional Budget Office]] |format=pdf |accessdate=July 15, 2012}}</ref> dan anggaran [[Medicare (Amerika Serikat)|Medicare]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/06-21-Long-Term_Budget_Outlook.pdf |title=CBO's 2011 Long-Term Budget Outlook |author=Elmendorf, Douglas W. |date=June 2011 |page=44 |publisher=[[Congressional Budget Office]] |format=pdf |quote=Through those changes and numerous others, the 2010 legislation significantly decreased Medicare outlays relative to what they would have been under prior law.}}</ref>

Pada tanggal 28 Jun 2012, [[Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat]] mendukung konstitusionalitas sebagian besar isi PPACA dalam kasus ''[[National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Supreme Court Supports Obamacare, Bolsters Obama|last=Barrett|first=Paul M.|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-06-28/supreme-court-supports-obamacare-and-bolsters-obama|newspaper=BloombergBusinessweek|date=June 28, 2012|accessdate=June 30, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Obamacare upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court|author=National Post Wire Services|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/06/28/obamacare-upheld-by-the-u-s-supreme-court/|newspaper=National Post|date=June 28, 2012|accessdate=June 30, 2012}}, termasuk ketetapan utama yang mewajibkan semua warga Amerika Serikat membeli asuransi kesehatan.</ref>

== Lihat pula ==
* [[Perbandingan sistem layanan kesehatan di Kanada dan Amerika Serikat]]
* [[Reformasi layanan kesehatan Massachusetts]] ("RomneyCare")
* [[Layanan kesehatan universal]]
* [[National Health Insurance]]
* [[Perbandingan layanan kesehatan]] Amerika Serikat dengan 8 negara lain dalam bentuk tabel

== Referensi ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* {{cite book|author=Barr, Donald A.|title=Introduction to U.S. Health Policy: The Organization, Financing, and Delivery of Health Care in America|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yZLJrmNoEzkC|year= 2011|publisher=JHU Press}}
* {{cite book|author=CCH|title=Law, Explanation and Analysis of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Including Reconciliation Act Impact|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=tCTt0sq2vaEC|year=2010|publisher=CCH Incorporated}} 1183pp
* {{cite book|author= Feldman, Arthur M.|title=Understanding Health Care Reform: Bridging the Gap Between Myth and Reality|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=dSszUQPKSZIC|year=2011|publisher=CRC Press}}
* {{cite book|author1=Jacobs, Lawrence R.|author2=Theda Skocpol|title=Health Care Reform and American Politics|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=VcsmJybD32wC|year=2010|publisher=Oxford U.P. }}
* {{cite book|author = John E. McDonough|title = Inside National Health Reform|url = https://archive.org/details/insidenationalhe00mcdo|publisher = University of California Press|year = 2011|month = September|isbn = 9780520270190 }}
*
;Dokumen awal CBO
* [http://www.cbo.gov/doc.cfm?index=10868 Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act, Incorporating The Manager's Amendment] − December 19, 2009
** Effects Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act On The Federal Budget And The Balance In The Hospital Insurance Trust Fund (December 23, 2009)
** Estimated Effect Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act (Incorporating The Manager's Amendment) On The Hospital Insurance Trust Fund (December 23, 2009)
* [http://cbo.gov/doc.cfm?index=10731 Base Analysis&nbsp;– H.R. 3590, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act], − November 18, 2009.<br />↑ <small>(The Additional and/or Related CBO reporting that follows can be accessed from the above link)</small>
** Estimated Distribution Of Individual Mandate Penalties (November 20, 2009)
** Estimated Effects On Medicare Advantage Enrollment And Benefits Not Covered By Medicare (November 21, 2009)
** Estimated Effects On The Status Of The Hospital Insurance Trust Fund (November 21, 2009)
** Estimated Average Premiums Under Current Law (December 5, 2009)
** Additional Information About Employment-Based Coverage (December 7, 2009)
** Budgetary Treatment Of Proposals To Regulate Medical Loss Ratios (December 13, 2009)

;[[Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services]] (CMS) Perkiraan dampak P.L. 111-148
* [https://www.cms.gov/ActuarialStudies/downloads/PPACA_2010-04-22.pdf Estimated Financial Effects of the "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act," as Amended]. April 22, 2010.
* [https://www.cms.gov/ActuarialStudies/Downloads/PPACA_Medicare_2010-04-22.pdf Estimated Effects of the "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act," as Amended, on the Year of Exhaustion for the Part A Trust Fund, Part B Premiums, and Part A and Part B Coinsurance Amounts]. April 22, 2010.

;[[Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services]] (CMS) Perkiraan dampak H.R. 3590
* [http://www.cms.gov/ActuarialStudies/Downloads/S_PPACA_2009-12-10.pdf Estimated Financial Effects of the "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2009," as Proposed by the Senate Majority Leader on November 18, 2009]. December 10, 2009.
* [http://www.cms.gov/ActuarialStudies/Downloads/S_PPACA_Medicare_2009-12-10.pdf Estimated Effects of the "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act" on the Year of Exhaustion for the Part A Trust Fund, Part B Premiums, and Part A and Part B Coinsurance Amounts]. December 10, 2009.

== Pranala luar ==
{{Sister project links
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 | commons = Category:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
 | n = U.S. Senate passes landmark health care reform bill
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* [http://www.wtsp.com/video/1711079319001/1/Archive-video-Obama-signs-health-care-bill Video: Obama signs Healthcare Bill]
* [http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/11pdf/11-393c3a2.pdf Supreme Court Ruling on the ACA-June 28, 2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628151731/http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/11pdf/11-393c3a2.pdf |date=2012-06-28 }}
* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/06/28/remarks-president-supreme-court-ruling-affordable-care-act Remarks by the President on Supreme Court Ruling on the Affordable Care Act-June 28, 2012]
* [http://www.healthcare.gov/ HealthCare.gov] – Department of Health and Human Services website on the law
* {{NYTtopic|organizations/s/supreme_court/affordable_care_act/|Affordable Care Act}}
* {{WSJtopic|subject/H/health-reform/1662|Health Reform}}
* [http://edition.cnn.com/2012/03/26/health/health-care-reform-interactive/index.html?iid=article_sidebar Basics: Health care reform issues] as provided by Emily Smith from ''[[CNN]]''' June 25, 2012
* [http://edition.cnn.com/2012/06/17/politics/health-care-timeline/index.html?iid=article_sidebar Timeline of the health care law] as provided by ''[[CNN]]'' June 17, 2012
* Kaiser Family Foundation: [http://healthreform.kff.org/SubsidyCalculator.aspx Health Reform Subsidy Calculator – Premium Assistance for Coverage in Exchanges/Gateways] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422185025/http://healthreform.kff.org/SubsidyCalculator.aspx |date=2013-04-22 }}
* [http://www.castlibrary.com/free_books Three Days of Argument: Obamacare On Trial Audiobook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702224049/http://www.castlibrary.com/free_books |date=2014-07-02 }} – Complete coverage of the arguments to the Supreme Court regarding Obamacare
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/federal_government/supreme-court-ruling-caps-a-century-of-american-debate-over-how-to-get-medical-care-for-all/2012/06/28/gJQA6XmP8V_story.html?tid=pm_politics_pop Supreme Court ruling caps a century of American debate over how to get medical care for all]{{Pranala mati|date=Juli 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} An [[Associated Press]] timeline published on June 28, 2012 by [[The Washington Post]] about key events in a century of debate over what role the government should play in helping people in the United States afford medical care
* [http://www.healthreformgps.org/ HealthReformGPS.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109133053/http://www.healthreformgps.org/ |date=2014-11-09 }} – Tracking and explanation of the law – as it is implemented – by analysts at the Hirsh Health Law and Policy program of the George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services.
* {{cite news|url=http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/03/has-romney-lost-the-romneycare-obamacare-argument/37842/|title=Has Romney Lost The RomneyCare = ObamaCare Argument?|author=Ambinder, Marc|work=The Atlantic|date=March 22, 2010|accessdate=2011-04-07}}
; Salinan RUU
* [http://docs.house.gov/energycommerce/ppacacon.pdf PDF] of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ("PPACA"; Public Law 111–148) ''<u>after</u>'' consolidating the amendments made by Title X of PPACA itself and by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 ("HCERA"; Public Law 111–152) into one revision.
* [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/search/pagedetails.action?packageId=PLAW-111publ148 Plain Text or PDF formats of H. R. 3590 (Public Law 111-148)], as engrossed or passed by the Senate and printed via [[Federal Digital System|FDsys]].
* The [http://dpc.senate.gov/dpcissue-sen_health_care_bill.cfm Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act], full text, summary, background, provisions and more, via Democratic Policy Committee (Senate.gov)
* [http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d111:HR03590:@@@L&summ2=m&summary Summary of H.R. 3590]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (March 23, 2010) via [[THOMAS]].
* [http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h111-3590 Entry for H.R. 3590] at [[GovTrack]]
* [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-111publ148/pdf/PLAW-111publ148.pdf The law as published by the U.S. Government Printing Office]
* "Lines Crossed: Separation of Church and State. Has the Obama Administration Trampled on Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Conscience?" Hearing before the Congressional [[Committee on Oversight and Government Reform]] February 16, 2012
** [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nJRUxj-HUY Lines Crossed: Separation of Church and State – Part 1]
** [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uj1l8suFE68 Lines Crossed: Separation of Church and State – Part 2]
** [https://www.democracynow.org/2012/2/17/where_are_the_women_lawmakers_walk '"Where Are the Women?": Lawmakers Walk Out on Contraception Rule Hearing After Female Witness Barred'] ''[[Democracy Now!]]'' February 17, 2012

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act}}
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