Lihat sumber Pertempuran Mosul (2016–2017)

{{untuk|serangan Mosul lainnya|Pertempuran Mosul (disambiguasi)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict=Pertempuran Mosul (2016)
|partof=[[Perang Saudara Irak (2014–sekarang)|Perang Saudara Irak]] dan<br>[[American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–sekarang)|Intervensi AS di Irak]]
|width=350px
|image= [[Berkas:Battle of Mosul (2016-2017).svg|300px]]
|cation= Sebuah gambaran kartografi dari situasi saat ini di Mosul, 25 Januari 2017.
{{Leftlegend | # EDC4BE | kontrol pemerintah Irak}} {{leftlegend | # B4B2AE |  [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|ISIL]] kontrol}} {{leftlegend | # FFFF00 | [[Peshmerga]] kontrol}}
|date=16 Oktober 2016 – 10 Juli 2017<br>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=10|day1=16|year1=2016}})
|place=[[Irak]]
* Barat daya [[Kegubernuran Arbil]]
* [[Kegubernuran Ninawa]]
|result=Kemenangan besar koalisi anti-ISIS
|territory= Pada tanggal 31 Oktober, ISF dan Peshmerga telah merebut 1400 km² (540 mil²) dan 123 permukiman dari NIIS.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iraqi-troops-rush-isis-territory-southwest-mosul-liberate-10-villages/|title=Iraqi troops rush through ISIS territory southwest of Mosul, liberate 11 villages - AMN - Al-Masdar News - المصدر نيوز|first=Chris|last=Tomson|date=31 October 2016|work=almasdarnews.com|accessdate=1 November 2016|archive-date=2017-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026055655/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iraqi-troops-rush-isis-territory-southwest-mosul-liberate-10-villages/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/mosul-offensive-federal-police-forces-liberate-61-villages-1400-square-kilometers/|title=Mosul offensive: Federal Police forces liberate 61 villages and 1400 square kilometers|date=30 October 2016|work=iraqinews.com|accessdate=1 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2016/10/30/battle-mosul-intensifies-shiite-militias-join-fray/93017632/|title=Battle for Mosul intensifies as Shiite militias join fray|work=usatoday.com|accessdate=1 November 2016}}</ref>
|combatant1={{flagicon|Iraq}} '''[[Irak]]'''<br>
{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} [[Kurdistan Irak]]<br>
'''Didukung oleh:'''
{{collapsible list
|bullets=yes
|title={{flagicon image|Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|size=25px|border=}} '''[[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF–OIR]]'''
|{{flag|Amerika Serikat}}<ref name="guardian1017">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/17/iraqi-forces-begin-assault-on-isis-stronghold-mosul|title=Mosul offensive: forces launch mass attack on Iraqi city in bid to oust Isis|publisher=The Guardian|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>
|{{flag|Inggris}}<ref name="guardian1017"/>
|{{flag|Prancis}}<ref name="guardian1017"/>
|{{flag|Kanada}}<ref name="Canadatroops">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/harjit-sajjan-supporting-troops-iraq-1.3809333|title=Canadian troops supporting Kurds in fight to free Mosul from ISIS|publisher=CBC News|date=17 October 2016|accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref>
|{{flag|Australia}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.skynews.com.au/news/top-stories/2016/10/17/australia-to-have-role-in-battle-for-mosul.html|title=Australia to have role in battle for Mosul|publisher=Sky News Australia|date=17 October 2016|accessdate=17 October 2016|archive-date=2016-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018205626/http://www.skynews.com.au/news/top-stories/2016/10/17/australia-to-have-role-in-battle-for-mosul.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|{{flag|Denmark}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nyheder.tv2.dk/udland/2016-10-17-danskere-deltager-i-angrebet-paa-islamisk-stat|title=Danish soldiers have a role on the attack on Islamic State in Mosul|publisher=TV2 Danmark|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>
|{{flag|Jerman}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2016/9/24/germany-will-take-part-in-the-battle-for-mosul|title=Germany 'will take part in the battle for Mosul'|work=Al-Araby Al-Jadeed (The New Arab)|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref>
|{{flag|Turki}}<ref name="aj1023"/>
}}
{{flag|Iran}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/layout/set/amphtml/World/Middle-East/2016/1029/What-role-is-Iran-playing-in-the-Mosul-offensive|title=What role is Iran playing in the Mosul offensive? |work=Christian Science Monitor|date=29 October 2016|accessdate=5 November 2016}}</ref><br>{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[Hezbollah]]<ref name="Hezbollah">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/11/hezbollah-fighters-train-iraqi-shiite-militants-near-mosul.php|title=Hezbollah fighters train Iraqi Shiite militants near Mosul|publisher= The Long War Journal|author=David Daoud|date=5 November 2016 |accessdate=5 November 2016}}</ref>
|combatant2='''{{Flag|Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|name=Negara Islam|size=23px}} (NIIS)'''
|commander1={{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq.svg|size=23px}} [[Haidar al-Abadi]]<br><small>(Perdana Menteri Irak)</small><br>{{flagicon|Iraq}} Mayjend. [[Najim Abdullah al-Jubouri]]<br><small>(Komandan [[Pasukan keamanan Irak|ISF]] Operasi [[Kegubernuran Ninawa|Ninawa]])</small><br>{{flagicon|Iraq}} Letjend. Talib Shaghati al-Kenan<br><small>(Direktur ICTS, Komandan Operasi Komando Pasukan Militer Gabungan)</small><br>{{flagicon|Iraq}} Mayjend. [[Fadhil Jalil al-Barwari]]<br><small>(Komandan ISOF)</small><br>{{flagicon|Iraq}} Mayjend. Maan as-Saadi<br><small>(Komandan Brigade ke-2 ISOF)</small><br>{{flagicon|Iraq}} Mayjend. Thamer al-Husseini<br><small>(Komandan unit cepat tanggap Polisi Irak)</small><br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} [[Massoud Barzani]]<br>({{small|Presiden Kurdistan Irak}})<br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Omer Huseyin<ref name="ibt1016">{{cite news|last1=Haddad|first1=Tareq|title='US military has started shelling Mosul' says Peshmerga commander|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/us-military-has-started-shelling-mosul-says-peshmerga-commander-1586650|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=International Business Times|date=16 October 2016}}</ref><br><small>(Komandan Peshmerga)</small><br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Sabri Kawli{{KIA}}<br>({{small|Brigadir Jenderal}})<br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Peshmerga Leo<br>({{small|Komandan Peshmerga}})<br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Sardar Saleh{{KIA}}<br>({{small|Komandan Lapangan Peshmerga}})<br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Hamed Birmoza{{KIA}}<br>({{small|Komandan Lapangan Peshmerga}})<br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Sait Çürükkaya{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Sait Çürükkaya DAEŞ saldırısında öldü haberi|url=http://www.sonhaberler.com/ortadogu/sait-curukkaya-daes-saldirisinda-oldu-h177635.html|accessdate=5 November 2016|work=www.sonhaberler.com|date=30 October 2016}}</ref><br>({{small|Komandan Lapangan Peshmerga}})<br>[[Berkas:Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq) logo.jpg|18px]] [[Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis]]<ref name="multiple fronts"/><br>({{small|Kepala Pasukan Mobilisasi Umum}})<br>[[Berkas:Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq) logo.jpg|18px]] {{flagicon image|Badr Organisation Military flag.svg|size=23px}} [[Hadi Al-Amiri]]<ref name="multiple fronts"/><br>({{small|Kepala Organisasi Badar}})<br>[[Berkas:Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq) logo.jpg|18px]] [[Abu Azrael]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/11/abu-azrael-spotted-during-pmfs-mosul-operation.php|title=Abu Azrael spotted during PMF’s Mosul operation|publisher=The Long War Journal|author1=Amir Toumaj|date=4 November 2016|accessdate=5 November 2016}}</ref><br>({{small|Komandan Kata'ib al-Imam Ali}})<br>[[Berkas:Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq) logo.jpg|18px]] {{flagicon image|Shabak Flag.jpg|size=22px}} Muhammad Jassim al-Bayati{{KIA}}<br>({{small|Komandan Lapangan [[Wajib Militer Shabak|Quwwat Sahl Ninawa]]}})<br>
{{flagicon|United States}} [[Letnan jenderal (Amerika Serikat)|Letjend.]] [[Stephen J. Townsend]]<br><small>(Komandan[[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF-OIR]])</small><br>{{flagicon|United States}} Mayjend. [[Gary J. Volesky]]<br><small>(Komandan Komponen Darat CJTF)</small><br>{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} Muhammad Kawarithmi<ref name="Hezbollah" /><br>({{small|Komandan Hezbollah untuk operasi Iraq}})
|commander2={{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]<br><small>(Pemimpin NIIS)</small><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Aziz Ali{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/airstrike-kills-senior-isis-leader-killed-tel-al-sheer-village-nineveh/|title=Airstrike kills senior ISIS leader killed in Tel al-Sheer village, Nineveh|publisher=Iraqi News|date=20 October 2016|accessdate=21 October 2016}}</ref><br><small>(Komandan senior)</small><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Aymam al-Mosuli{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Report-ISIS-Rambo-killed-in-battle-south-of-Mosul-471023/|title=Report: ISIS 'Rambo' killed in battle south of Mosul|publisher=Jerusalem Post|date=27 October 2016|accessdate=29 October 2016}}</ref><br><small>(Komandan pasukan keamanan khusus)</small><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Abu Faruq{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Turkish and Kurdish soldiers join forces to gain advantage in Mosul push|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/23/mosul-offensive-turkish-and-kurdish-forces-launch-attacks-on-isis|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref><br><small>(Komandan Bashiqa)</small><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Abu Yakoub{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Senior ISIS official killed in al-Shallalat district of Mosul|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/senior-isis-official-killed-west-coast-mosul/|accessdate=2 November 2016|work=Iraqi News|date=1 November 2016}}</ref><br><small>(Operasi resmi)</small> <br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Abu Hamza al-Ansari{{KIA}}<ref name="ansari">{{cite news|title=ISIS leader reported dead in Mosul; Kurdish official says residents rising up|url=http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/061120168|accessdate=6 November 2016|publisher=Rudaw Media Network|date=6 November 2016}}</ref><br><small>(Pemimpin senior)</small><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Abu Maryam{{KIA}}<ref name="rudaw1107"/> <br><small>(Komandan Senior untuk Baghdad dan Wilayah Diyala)</small><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Mahmoud Shukri al-Nuaimi{{KIA}}<ref name="cnn1111">{{cite news|last1=McKirdy|first1=Euan|last2=Tawfeeq|first2=Mohammed|last3=Formanek|first3=Ingrid|title=Sources: Top ISIS commander killed in Mosul|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/10/middleeast/iraq-mosul-offensive/|accessdate=11 November 2016|publisher=CNN|date=11 November 2016}}</ref> <br><small>("Syaikh Faris"; komandan senior)</small>
|units1=
'''Iraq''':<br>
[[Pasukan Keamanan Irak]]
* [[Angkatan Bersenjata Irak]]
** {{flagicon image|Iraqi Ground Forces Flag.svg}} [[Angkatan Darat Irak|Angkatan Darat]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the 1st Division (Iraq).svg}} [[Divisi ke-1 (Irak)|Divisi ke-1]]<ref name="multiple fronts">{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/10/mosul-operation-iraq-nineveh.html|title=Anti-IS troops are gaining ground on multiple fronts in Iraq|work=Al-Monitor|author=Muhannad al-Ghazi|date=25 October 2016|accessdate=1 November 2016}}</ref>
*** [[Divisi ke-9 (Irak)|Divisi Angkatan Darat ke-9]]<ref name="multiple fronts" />
*** Divisi ke-15<ref name="multiple fronts" />
*** Divisi ke-16<ref name="multiple fronts" />
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Iraqi Air Force.svg}} [[Angkatan Udara Irak|Angkatan Udara]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Iraqi Counter Terrorism Bureau.svg}} Counter-Terrorism Service
** {{flagicon image|Special Operations Iraq Flag.svg}} [[Angkatan Operasi Khusus Irak|ISOF]]
*** Brigade Operasi Khusus Ke-1 ("Divisi Emas")
*** Brigade Operasi Khusus Ke-2
* {{flagicon image|Iraqi Federal Police Flag.svg}} [[Polisi Irak|Polisi Federal]]
[[Berkas:Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq) logo.jpg|18px]] [[Angkatan Mobilisasi Umum]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Iraqi Army makes final preparations for massive offensive|date=10 September 2016|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iraqi-army-makes-final-preparations-massive-offensive/|accessdate=10 September 2016|archive-date=2018-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106044702/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iraqi-army-makes-final-preparations-massive-offensive/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Badr Organisation Military flag.svg|size=23px}} [[Organisasi Badar]]<ref name="PMF cut off">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/11/iraqi-popular-mobilization-forces-attempt-to-cut-off-islamic-state-in-mosul.php|title=Iraqi PMF attempts to cut off Islamic State in Mosul|publisher=The Long War Journal|author1=Amir Toumaj|date=4 November 2016|accessdate=5 November 2016}}</ref>
* [[Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq]]<ref name="PMF cut off" />
* [[Tentara Mahdi]]
* {{flagicon image|Kata'ib Hezbollah flag.svg}} [[Kata'ib Hezbollah]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/10/hezbollah-brigades-rushes-troops-to-mosul-fight.php |title= Hezbollah Brigades hurries troops to Mosul fight |publisher= The Long War Journal |author2= Caleb Weiss |author1= Bill Roggio |date= 28 October 2016 |accessdate=31 October 2016}}</ref>
* Saraya Ashura<ref name="PMF cut off" />
* Saraya Khorasani<ref name="PMF cut off" />
* [[Kata'ib al-Imam Ali]]<ref name="PMF cut off" />
* {{flagicon image|Nujabaimage.jpg}} [[Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba]]<ref name="PMF cut off" />
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq Turkmen Front.svg|size=22px|border=}} [[Brigade Turkmen (PMU)|Brigade Turkmen]]<ref>[http://www.tasnimnews.com/ar/news/2016/10/20/1216412/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84-%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8D-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7] اردوغان ارسل جيشه الى العراق تجنبا لانقلاب ثانٍ.. لا حاجة للتركمان بتركيا</ref>
** Brigade ke-16th Brigade
** Brigade ke-52
** Brigadr ke-92
** Brigade Imam Husain
* {{flagicon image|Shabak Flag.jpg|size=22px|border=}} [[Shabak Militia|Quwwat Sahl Ninawa]]
* [[Berkas:Emblem of the Nineveh Plain Protection Units.svg|18px]] [[Unit Perlindungan Dataran Ninawa]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Assyrians.svg}} Tentara Daratan Ninawa<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.syriacsnews.com/npf-declaring-participation-mosul-offensive/|title=NPF declaring their participation to Mosul offensive|publisher=Syriac International News Agency|date=18 October 2016|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref>
'''Kurdistan Irak''':<br>
{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} [[Peshmerga]]<br>
{{flagicon image|Flag of YBŞ.svg|border=}} [[Satuan Perlawanan Sinjar|Perlawanan Sinjar]] (YBŞ)
|units2= [[Aktivitas Militer NIIS|Militer NIIS]]
* [[Klaim teritorial ISIL|Wilayah al-Jazeera]]
* Kekhalifahan Baru<ref name="commander Raqqa">{{cite news|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=53197|title=IS commanders reach al-Raqqa province coming from Iraq|publisher=SOHR|date=25 October 2016|accessdate=25 October 2016}}</ref>
|strength1={{flagicon|Iraq}} 54.000–60.000 pasukan ISF<ref name="cnn1017">{{cite news|last1=Walsh|first1=Nick Paton|last2=Blau|first2=Max|last3=Park|first3=Madison|last4=McLaughlin|first4=Eliott C.|title=Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses'|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/mosul-isis-operation-begins-iraq/index.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="ptv"/><br>14.000 pasukan militer <ref name="cnn1017"/><br/>
{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} 40.000 pasukan Peshmerga<ref name="cnn1017"/><br/>'''Support:'''<br>{{flagicon image|Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|size=25px|border=no}} Ratusan personel CJTF–OIR <br>{{flagicon|Turkey}} 500–2.000 pasukan<ref name="TurkeyKurdsPush">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/23/mosul-offensive-turkish-and-kurdish-forces-launch-attacks-on-isis|title=Turkish and Kurdish soldiers join forces to gain advantage in Mosul push|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="MathieuKodmani1016"/>
|strength2= 4.000–9.000 militan (1.000 asing)<ref name="lemonde1017">{{cite news|title=Irak : l'opération pour reprendre Mossoul des mains de l'EI est lancée|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/article/2016/10/17/irak-debut-de-l-operation-pour-reprendre-mossoul-des-mains-de-l-ei_5014713_3218.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=[[Le Monde]]|date=17 October 2016|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/26/world/will-isis-leaders-escape-mosul-bergen/index.html|title=ISIS leaders may flee Mosul as their ranks are decimated|first=Peter Bergen, CNN National Security|last=Analyst|work=cnn.com|accessdate=27 October 2016}}</ref>
|casualties1={{flagicon|Iraq}} 83 terbunuh, 255 terluka<ref name="trickling">{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/afp/2016/10/iraq-conflict-mosul-us-is.html|title=IS trickling out of Mosul as losses mount: US general|first=|last=|work=AFP|accessdate=27 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/31/middleeast/mosul-isis-scene/index.html|title=Battle for Mosul: ISIS strikes, kills at dusk|first=Nick Paton Walsh, Ghazi Balkiz and Scott McWhinnie|last=CNN|work=cnn.com|accessdate=1 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/f9af3b07da29424e8fded83b38d6414e/casualties-mount-iraqis-press-deeper-held-mosul|title=Casualties mount as Iraqis press deeper into IS-held Mosul|publisher=|access-date=2016-11-12|archive-date=2016-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108150029/http://www.bigstory.ap.org/article/f9af3b07da29424e8fded83b38d6414e/casualties-mount-iraqis-press-deeper-held-mosul|dead-url=yes}}</ref><br>
{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} 30 terbunuh, 70–100 terluka<ref name="trickling"/><br>
{{flagicon|United States}} 1 terbunuh<ref>{{cite news|title=First US Service Member Killed In Mosul Offensive|url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2016/10/20/us-service-member-killed-in-bomb-blast-in-iraq.html|accessdate=20 October 2016|agency=Military.com|date=20 October 2016}}</ref><br>
[[Tentara Pria dari Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah|Tentara Naqsyabandiyah]]: 30 ditangkap<ref name="Naqshabandi - Al-Quds Al-Arabi">{{cite web|title=تنظيم الدولة يعتقل خلايا تابعة لحزب البعث أثناء محاولتها تنفيذ هجمات ضده بالتزامن مع انطلاق عملية استعادة الموصل|url=http://www.alquds.co.uk/?p=616382|website=Al-Quds Al-Arabi|accessdate=20 October 2016|language=Arabic|date=20 October 2016}}</ref>
----
800+ terbunuh atau terluka, 144 kendaraan tentara hancur, 1 UAV dijatuhkan<br>({{small|klaim NIIS}})
|casualties2=1.365–2.000 terbunuh<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ghoshal|first1=Arkadev|title=BATTLE FOR MOSUL: Iraqi and coalition forces advance as Isis continues its reign of terror|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/battle-mosul-iraqi-coalition-forces-advance-isis-continues-its-reign-terror-703457|accessdate=11 November 2016|work=International Business Times, India Edition|date=10 November 2016|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Iraqi Commander: Battle to Liberate Mosul Killed 2000 ISIL Gunmen So Far|url=http://english.almanar.com.lb/91034|accessdate=7 November 2016|publisher=Al-Manar TV|date=7 November 2016}}</ref><br>({{small|klaim AS and Iraq}})
|casualties3=1.177 orang dieksekusi (214 mantan perwira ISF).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/u-s-soldier-dies-fight-drive-isis-iraq-mosul-article-1.2839510|title=ISIS kills 284 villagers in Mosul as Iraq forces close in on city|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=ISIS 'executes' 232 near Mosul and takes 'thousands as human shields', UN says|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/28/middleeast/iraq-mosul-isis/index.html|accessdate=28 October 2016|publisher=CNN News|date=28 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/human-rights-commission-isis-executes-100-civilians-mosul/ |title=Human Rights Commission: ISIS executes 100 civilians in Mosul |publisher=Iraqi News |date= |accessdate=2016-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/isis-executes-22-persons-electrocution-central-mosul/ |title=ISIS executes 22 persons by electrocution in central Mosul |publisher=Iraqi News |date= |accessdate=2016-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.google.it/amp/s/amp.tgcom24.mediaset.it/articolo/206/3039206.html |title=Iraq, le forze speciali avanzano: "Siamo entrati a Mosul" &#124; Media: "Nuovo massacro Isis: uccisi 300 civili" - Tgcom24 |website=Google.it |date= |accessdate=2016-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/medio-oriente/estado-islamico-asesina-52-jovenes-en-mosul/16741143|title=Grupo Estado Islámico mata a 52 jóvenes en un colegio en Mosul - Medio oriente - El Tiempo|first=Casa Editorial El|last=Tiempo|work=eltiempo.com|accessdate=5 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/story/islamic-state-executes-40-civilians-in-mosul-for-treason-says-un-10652922 |title=Islamic State executes 40 civilians in Mosul for treason, says UN |website=News.sky.com |date= |accessdate=2016-11-11}}</ref><ref>http://www.ibtimes.co.in/iraq-isis-killed-crucified-40-people-mosul-helping-iraqi-forces-says-un-703589</ref>  <br>42.000 orang diungsikan <ref>{{cite news|title=42,000 mengungsi sejak mulainya serangan Mosul — IOM|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/region/42000-displaced-start-mosul-assault-%E2%80%94-iom|accessdate=10 November 2016|work=Jordan Times|date=10 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="unhcr1109">{{cite web|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/20161106%20UNHCR%20Iraq%20Flash%20Update.pdf|title=Mosul Iraq Situation Flash Update|publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|date=6 November 2016|accessdate=7 November 2016}}</ref>
|campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Iraq War (2014–present)}}
}}

'''Pertempuran Mosul''' ({{lang-ar|معركة الموصل}}; {{lang-ckb|شەڕی مووسڵ}}) adalah serangan ofensif bersama-sama oleh pasukan pemerintah [[Irak]], milisi [[Kurdistan Irak]] dan didukung oleh pasukan internasional untuk merebut kembali kota [[Mosul]] dari [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam]] (ISIS).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dunford|first1=Daniel|title=Battle for Mosul: UN prepares for aftermath 'chaos'|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-37643228|accessdate=15 October 2016|work=BBC News|date=15 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Coming Battle for Mosul|url=http://www.nytimes.com//2016/10/15/opinion/the-coming-battle-for-mosul.html|accessdate=15 October 2016|work=The New York Times|date=14 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=von Hein|first1=Matthias|title=Interview: Battle for Mosul likely to lead to power struggle|url=http://www.dw.com/en/interview-battle-for-mosul-likely-to-lead-to-power-struggle/a-36049145|accessdate=15 October 2016|work=Deutsche Welle|date=14 October 2016}}</ref> Serangan militer dalam skala kekuatan bersenjata yang besar ini juga dijuluki sebagai Operasi "'''Ninawa, Kami Datang'''" ({{lang|ar|قادمون يا نينوى}}; ''Qadimun Ya Naynawa''),<ref>{{cite news|title=العبادي يطلق على عمليات تحرير نينوى تسمية "قادمون يا نينوى"  أمن|url=http://www.alsumaria.tv/news/182977/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%89-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A/ar|accessdate=21 October 2016|work=Al Sumaria|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="atlantic1020">{{cite news|last1=Winter|first1=Charlie|title=How ISIS Is Spinning the Mosul Battle|url=http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/10/isis-mosul-propaganda-iraq-kurds-peshmerga/504854/|accessdate=21 October 2016|work=The Atlantic|date=20 October 2016}}</ref>. Serangan militer ini dimulai pada 16 Oktober 2016 dengan pasukan penyerang mengepung daerah yang dikendalikan ISIS di ibu kota [[Kegubernuran Ninawa]], Mosul.<ref name="bbc1017">{{cite news|title=Battle for Mosul: Iraq and Kurdish troops make gains|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-37679325|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=BBC News|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="cnn1016">{{cite news|last1=Blau|first1=Max|last2=Park|first2=Madison|last3=McLaughlin|first3=Eliott C. |title=Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces close in|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/mosul-isis-operation-begins-iraq/index.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|publisher=CNN|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> Pertempuran Mosul dianggap sebagai operasi kunci dalam intervensi militer terhadap ISIS, yang merebut kota itu pada Juni 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Yan|first1=Holly|last2=Muaddi|first2=Nadeem|title=Why the battle for Mosul matters in the fight against ISIS|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/battle-for-mosul/|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=CNN|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> Ini adalah penyerangan militer yang mengerahkan pasukan dalam jumlah terbesar oleh pasukan Irak sejak [[Invasi Irak 2003]] oleh [[Amerika Serikat|AS]] dan pasukan koalisi.<ref name="dt1017">{{cite news|title=What is the battle for Mosul? Everything you need to know about the fight to liberate Isil's last bastion of power in Iraq|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/10/17/what-is-the-battle-for-mosul-isils-last-bastion-of-power-in-iraq/|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>

Sebelumnya telah dilakukan Operasi militer terhadap Mosul pada tahun 2015 dan serangan lain atas Mosul pada penghujung oktober 2016. Hingga saat ini diperkirakan 1,5 juta warga sipil hidup di kota terkepung tersebut terdapat kekhawatiran akan terjadinya krisis kemanusiaan yang dihadapi oleh warga sipil yang tertahan di Mosul serta kekhawatiran akan dijadikannya warga sipil sebagai perisai manusia oleh ISIS.<ref name="afp1017">{{cite news|title=Battle for Mosul sparks fears of humanitarian crisis|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/world/2016/10/17/Battle-for-Mosul-sparks-fears-of-humanitarian-crisis|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=Times LIVE|agency=Agence France Press|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>

Serangan dimulai dengan gerakan pasukan Irak dan gerilyawan [[Peshmerga]] yang terlibat dalam pertempuran melawan ISIS di luar Mosul, tepatnya dikawasan pedesaan yang awalnya dikendalikan oleh ISIS. Lebih dari dua puluhan desa direbut dari ISIS selama beberapa hari pertama pertempuran. Para pejabat militer Irak mengatakan operasi pengepungan dan penyerangan awal tersebut akan berlangsung selama dua minggu sebelum pasukan koalisi mencapai Mosul dan setidaknya dibutuhkan waktu dua bulan untuk merebut kembali keseluruhan kota Mosul.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chulov|first1=Martin|last2=Borger|first2=Julian|title=Two months to take Mosul from Isis, says Iraqi general|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/18/two-months-to-take-mosul-from-isis-says-iraqi-general|accessdate=21 October 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=19 October 2016}}</ref>

Pada 9 Juli 2017, Perdana Menteri Irak [[Haider al-Abadi]] menyatakan telah merebut kembali kota Mosul yang sebelumnya dikuasai ISIS, dan pengumuman resminya diumumkan pada keesokan harinya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/07/10/iraqi-forces-have-retaken-mosul-u-s-backed-coalition-confirms/465022001/|title=Iraqi forces have fully retaken Mosul, U.S.-backed coalition confirms|work=USA TODAY|access-date=2017-07-10|language=en}}</ref><ref name="formally declares victory">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-40558836|title=Battle for Mosul: Iraq PM Abadi formally declares victory|publisher=BBC News|date=10 July 2017|accessdate=11 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="completely freed">{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/07/10/middleeast/mosul-what-next/index.html|title=Mosul completely freed from ISIS: What's next for the city left in ruins?|publisher=Cable News Network|date=10 July 2017|accessdate=11 July 2017}}</ref>

== Latar Belakang ==
Mosul adalah kota kedua yang paling padat penduduknya di Irak. Pada bulan Juni 2014 kota tersebut jatuh ketangan ISIS. Dengan sebagian besar penduduk Mosul adalah Muslim Sunni, Mosul jatuh dengan mudah hanya dengan kekalahan yang cukup memalukan pemerintah Irak. Sekitar 800 militan ISIS merebut Mosul dibawah sikap apatis yang mendalam penduduk terhadap pemerintah Irak yang didominasi oleh Syiah dan angkatan bersenjata yang cenderung korup.<ref name="reuters1016">{{cite news|title=Factbox: Once-tolerant Mosul site of Iraq push against Islamic State|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/factbox-once-tolerant-mosul-iraq-push-against-islamic-232623181.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|agency=Reuters|date=16 October 2016}}</ref> Tidak lama setelah keberhasilan ISIS tersebut di Masjid Agung Mosul pemimpin ISIS [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]] menyatakan kelahiran kekhalifahan yang mencakup wilayah Irak dan [[Suriah]].<ref name="reuters1016"/> Populasi awalnya 2,5 juta penduduk telah berkurang hingga menajadi lebih kurang sekitar 1,5 juta penduduk dalam masa dua tahun pemerintahan ISIS. Kota ini pada masa-masa damai pernah sangat beragam, dengan berbagai etnis minoritas termasuk Armenia, Yazidi, Assyria, Turkmen, dan orang-orang Shabak mengalami pengungsian besar-besaran penduduk aslinya ketika di bawah kekuasaan ISIS.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bulos|first1=Nabih|title=The battle in Iraq that could turn the tide against Islamic State: The fight for Mosul is about to begin|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-iraq-mosul-20161002-snap-story.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=2 October 2016}}</ref> Sejak bulan Juni 2014 hingga Oktober 2016 Mosul dipertahankan sebagai benteng terkuat ISIS di Irak.

Saat Mosul adalah benteng utama terakhir kelompok ISIS di Irak. Para pejabat tinggi Irak mengatakan, jatuhnya kota Mosul akan menandai kekalahan telak ISIS di Irak.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://militaryword.com/isis-city-under-attack-on-iraqi-special-forces|title=ISIS City Under Attack on Iraqi Special Forces - Militaryword.com|last=|first=|date=2016-10-22|work=|newspaper=Militaryword.com|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-29|via=|archive-date=2016-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031092354/http://militaryword.com/isis-city-under-attack-on-iraqi-special-forces|dead-url=yes}}</ref> 

Pada minggu-minggu menjelang serangan, Mosul menjadi sasaran pengeboman udara oleh pasukan koalisi menentang ISIS yang dipimpin AS. Sementara di darat tentara Irak membuat kemajuan bertahap di sekitar kota.<ref name="dt1017"/> [[MQ-9 Reaper|Reaper Drone]], [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Typhoon]] dan [[Panavia Tornado|Tornado]] milik [[Angkatan Udara Britania Raya|RAF]] menyerang berbagai sasaran ISIS di kota dalam 72 jam selama persiapan serangan darat dilakukan terhadap Mosul dimulai.<ref>{{cite news|title=Isil 'launches suicide attacks' on Kurdish forces in Mosul as bloody battle to retake terror group's Iraq stronghold begins|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/10/17/bloody-battle-to-retake-mosul-begins-as-iraqi-forces-move-to-wip2/|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> Selebaran disebarkan di kota oleh tentara Irak yang menyarankan agar para warga laki-laki muda untuk "bangkit" melawan ISIS ketika pertempuran dimulai.<ref name="nyt1017">{{cite news|last1=Gordon|first1=Michael R.|last2=Arango|first2=Tim|title=Kurdish Troops Advance on ISIS-Held Villages East of Mosul|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/17/world/middleeast/iraq-isis-mosul-battle.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=The New York Times|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> 

Untuk mempertahankan diri dari serangan koalisi, ISIS telah menggali parit-parit diseluruh kota yang dialiri dengan minyak dan membakarnya guna mengurangi jarak pandang<ref name="dt1017"/> dan memperlambat gerakan maju pasukan penyerang<ref name="ptv">{{cite web|url=http://www.presstv.com/Detail/2016/10/17/489433/Iraq-Mosul-five-villages|title=PressTV-LIVE UPDATE: Final push to retake Mosul|work=presstv.com|accessdate=17 October 2016|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226080431/https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2016/10/17/489433/Iraq-Mosul-five-villages|dead-url=yes}}</ref> 

== Kekuatan Tempur ==
[[Berkas:Peshmerga soldiers prepare to conduct a combined arms live-fire exercise near Erbil, Iraq.jpg|left|thumb|Tentara [[Peshmerga]] bersiap untuk melakukan latihan gabungan tembakan langsung dengan senjata dengan seorang instruktur Italia di dekat [[Arbil]], pada 12 Oktober 2016.]]
Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat memperkirakan sekitar 3.000-5.000 pejuang ISIS berada di Mosul.<ref>{{cite AV media | people = Peter Cook, various reporters | date = 17 October 2016 | title = Defense Department Briefing | url = https://www.c-span.org/video/?417070-1/peter-cook-briefs-reporters-military-operations-mosul | access-date = 17 October 2016 | time =  23:02 | location = Arlington, Virginia, United States | publisher = [[C-SPAN]] | quote = The estimate [of ISL fighters in Mosul] I've seen was… 3,000 to 5,000… We've seen other numbers that are higher.}}</ref> perkiraan lain menyebutkan sedikitnya 2.000 hingga paling banyak 9.000 pejuang ISIS yang bertahan di Mosul.<ref name="lemonde1017">{{cite news|title=Irak : l'opération pour reprendre Mossoul des mains de l'EI est lancée|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/article/2016/10/17/irak-debut-de-l-operation-pour-reprendre-mossoul-des-mains-de-l-ei_5014713_3218.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=[[Le Monde]]|date=17 October 2016|language=}}</ref> ''[[Mosul Eye]]'', sebuah blog yang melaporkan perkembangan terbaru dari Mosul menyebutkan angka 8.000-9.000 petempur yang bersumpah setia kepada ISIS yang kini mempertahankan Mosul dengan tambahan keterangan bahwa separuh dari petempur ISIS ini adalah personil yang sangat terlatih dan separuh lainnya adalah terdiri dari remaja belasan tahun yang tidak terlatih. Lebih lanjut disebutkan bahwa sebanyak 10 persen di antara petempur ISIS merupakan petempur asing (Arab dan Non-Arab) dan sisanya adalah warga asli Irak yang berasal dari hampir seluruh Governorat Ninawa.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news |last=Wright |first=Robin |date=27 October 2016 |title=The Secret Eye Inside Mosul |url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-secret-eye-inside-mosul |newspaper=The New Yorker |access-date=29 October 2016 }}</ref>

Di pihak penyerang, CNN memperkirakan setidaknya terdapat 94.000 orang kekuatan Koalisi yang dipimpin oleh pasukan pemerintah Irak.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/mosul-isis-operation-begins-iraq/|title=Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses' on ISIS |last1=Walsh |first1=Nick |last2=Blau |first2=Max|last3=Grinberg|first3=Emanuella |last4=Hume|first4=Tim |date=17 October 2016 |website= CNN |access-date=17 October 2016|time =20:02}}</ref> tetapi jumlah ini kemudian direvisi naik menjadi 108.500 orang,<ref>{{cite news |last=Hume |first=Tim |date=25 October 2016 |title=Battle for Mosul: How ISIS is fighting to keep its Iraqi stronghold |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/24/middleeast/iraq-mosul-isis-tactics/ |newspaper=CNN |access-date=29 October 2016 }}</ref> terdiri dari 54,000 hingga 60,000 pasukan angkatan bersenjata Irak, 16.000 pejuang paramiliter dan 40.000 Peshmerga dikerahkan dalam pertempuran.<ref name="cnn1017">{{cite news|last1=Walsh|first1=Nick Paton|last2=Blau|first2=Max|last3=Park|first3=Madison|last4=McLaughlin|first4=Eliott C.|title=Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses'|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/mosul-isis-operation-begins-iraq/index.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="ptv"/> Paramiliter Kristen Niniwe yang terdiri dari orang-orang Asyur dan Katolik Kaldea ikut mengisi kekuatan koalisi Irak.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lodge|first1=Carey|title=Christian Forces Will 'Fight Relentlessly' To Free Mosul From ISIS|url=http://www.christiantoday.com/article/christian.forces.will.fight.relentlessly.to.free.mosul.from.isis/98274.htm|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=Christian Today|date=18 October 2016}}</ref> Turut pula mengambil bagian dalam koalisi Irak adalah pasukan paramiliter Syiah yang didukung [[Iran]] terdiri dari milisi ''Hashd Al-Sha'abi'', [[Tentara Mahdi]], ''Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq'' dan [[Organisasi Badar]].<ref name="lobs1017">{{cite news|title=Bataille de Mossoul : qui participe à la reconquête ?|url=http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/monde/20161017.OBS9927/bataille-de-mossoul-qui-participe-a-la-reconquete.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=L'Observer|date=17 October 2016|language=fr-FR}}</ref> 

Koalisi internasional yang terdiri dari 60 negara, dipimpin oleh Amerika Serikat mendukung perang Irak melawan ISIS dengan menyediakan logistik dan dukungan udara, intelejen dan penasehat militer.<ref>{{cite news|title=Iraq, Syria Make Significant Strides Countering ISIL, Press Secretary|url=http://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/976204/iraq-syria-make-significant-strides-countering-isil-press-secretary-says|accessdate=18 October 2016|publisher=U.S. Department of Defense|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> Dalam operasi tempur merebut kembali Mosul Pasukan koalisi internasional bermarkas 60 kilometer (37 mil) selatan dari Mosul di Pangkalan Udara Qayyarah Barat yang sebelumnya direbut dari kekuasan ISIS pada bulan Juni.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Forey|first1=Samuel|title=Bataille de Mossoul: reportage à Qayyarah, dans le QG de la coalition|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2016/10/16/01003-20161016ARTFIG00175-qayyarah-dernier-verrou-strategique-avant-mossoul.php|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=Le Figaro|date=16 October 2016|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Sekitar 560 tentara AS dari Divisi Lintas Udara 101 dikerahkan di markas Qayyarah Barat selama pertempuran, termasuk unsur komando dan pengendali, satu detasemen keamanan, tim operasi lapangan udara, dan logistik dan spesialis komunikasi.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sisk|first1=Richard|title=101st Soldiers Deploying to Bolster Fight Against ISIS in Iraq|url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2016/08/08/101st-soldiers-deploying-to-bolster-fight-against-isis-in-iraq.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=Military.com|date=8 August 2016|language=en}}</ref> AS mengerahkan peluncur roket HIMARS dan howitzer M777 yang diawaki oleh Tim Tempur Brigade 2 Divisi 101 dan Golf Company, Batalyon Pendukung Brigade 526. Tentara Prancis mengerahkan empat howitzer CAESAR dan 150 sampai 200 tentara di Qayyarah, Prancis mengumumkan 600 lebih tentara yang akan terlibat dalam koalisi pada akhir September.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chapleau|first1=Philippe|title=Les quatre Caesar de Qayyarah ont déjà donné de la voix|url=http://lignesdedefense.blogs.ouest-france.fr/archive/2016/09/29/les-caesar-de-qayyarak-ont-tonne-les-20-27-et-29-septembre-16885.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=Ouest-France|date=29 September 2016}}</ref> Tambahan 150 tentara Prancis berkedudukan di [[Erbil]], timur Mosul dalam misi melatih milisi [[Peshmerga]].<ref name="lobs1017">{{cite news|title=Bataille de Mossoul : qui participe à la reconquête ?|url=http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/monde/20161017.OBS9927/bataille-de-mossoul-qui-participe-a-la-reconquete.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=L'Observer|date=17 October 2016|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Kapal induk [[Charles de Gaulle (R91)|Charles de Gaulle]], dengan kekuatan satu skuadron 24 jet tempur [[Dassault Rafale]] secara khusus diberangkatkan dari pangakalannya di [[Toulon]] ke pantai Suriah untuk mendukung operasi terhadap ISIS melalui serangan udara dan misi pengintaian. 12 jet Rafale lainnya beroperasi dari pangkalan Angkatan Udara Prancis di [[Yordania]] dan [[UEA]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Licourt|first1=Julien|title=Premières opérations depuis le Charles-de-Gaulle avant l'offensive sur Mossoul|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2016/09/30/01003-20160930ARTFIG00055-irak-la-coalition-debute-son-offensive-sur-mossoul.php|accessdate=19 October 2016|work=Le Figaro|date=30 September 2016|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name="cnncdg">{{cite news|last1=Pleitgen|first1=Fred|title=On board the French nuclear carrier battling ISIS|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/france-nuclear-carrier-mosul-iraq-isis/|accessdate=19 October 2016|publisher=CNN|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> 80 tentara pasukan khusus [[Australia]] dan 210 tentara pasukan khusus [[Kanada]] juga dikerahkan untuk membantu Peshmerga. Selain itu, Pasukan Kanada dari Resimen Perang Elektronik 21 dilaporkan turut serta dalam koalisi internasional bertugas mencegat dan mengirimkan hasil penyadapan komunikasi ISIS, sementara 2 rumah sakit lapangan dengan 60 personil tentara Kanada telah didirikan untuk mengobati korban dari pihak Kurdi.<ref name="Okra">{{cite web|last1=Greene|first1=Andrew|title=Islamic State: Australia's special forces to assist Iraq military in battle for Mosul|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-17/australian-special-forces-to-assist-military-operation-to-retak/7939556|website=ABC News|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="CANSOFCOM">{{cite web|last1=Chase|first1=Steven|title=Canadian forces providing crucial support in battle to recapture Mosul|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/canadian-forces-providing-crucial-support-in-battle-to-recapture-mosul/article32403507/|website=The Globe and Mail|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref>

Sementara itu Naqshabandi sebuah kelompok loyalis Ba'ath dipimpin oleh mantan wakil presiden era rezim [[Saddam Hussein]], [[Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri]] mengeluarkan pernyataan sebelum dimulainya operasi menyerukan orang-orang kota untuk melakukan pemberontakan terhadap ISIS dan mengumumkan bahwa mereka akan berjuang melawan "organisasi teroris".<ref name="Naqshabandi - Bawwabat Al-Arab">{{cite web|title=تحرير الموصل.. جيش النقشبندية ينفي اشتباك البشمركة مع "داعش"|url=https://www.albawabhnews.com/2168253|website=Bawwabat Al-Arab|accessdate=20 October 2016|language=Arabic|date=18 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="Naqshabandi - Azzaman">{{cite web|title=الهجوم ينجز أهدافه في سهل نينوى|url=http://www.azzaman.com/?p=180750|website=Azzaman|accessdate=20 October 2016|language=Arabic|date=17 October 2016|archive-date=2016-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018180406/http://www.azzaman.com/?p=180750|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

Kehadiran beberapa milisi yang memiliki riwayat pelanggaran HAM telah menuai kritik [[Human Rights Watch]] yang menyerukan milisi Syiah dari Angkatan Mobilisasi Populer (PMF) atau dikenal pula dengan sebutan ''Hashd Al-Sha'abi'' untuk tidak masuk Mosul, menyusul tuduhan pelecehan parah yang dilakukkan mereka terhadap Muslim Sunni dalam operasi anti-ISIS sebelumnya di [[Fallujah]], [[Tikrit]] dan Pengepungan [[Amerli]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Ban militias with abuse records from Mosul fight: HRW|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/07/ban-militias-abuse-records-mosul-fight-hrw-160731082420989.html|accessdate=26 October 2016|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=26 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Wille|first1=Belkis|title=How Retaking Mosul Could Spell Disaster for Civilians|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/10/14/how-retaking-mosul-could-spell-disaster-civilians|accessdate=26 October 2016|work=Human Rights Watch|date=14 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Dolamari|first1=Mewan|title=US accepts Shia-militia role in Mosul battle despite human rights abuses|url=http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/592a25ae-efa0-4753-80b8-949ecf587307/US-accepts-Shia-militia-role-in-Mosul-battle-despite-human-rights-abuses|accessdate=26 October 2016|work=www.kurdistan24.net|date=7 October 2016}}</ref>

Dalam sebuah pernyataan Perdana Menteri Irak [[Haider al-Abadi]] mengatakan bahwa hanya militer Irak dan polisi nasional Irak akan memasuki kota itu sendiri.<ref name="of1017">{{cite news|title=Trompettes et tambours médiatiques pour la reconquête de Mossoul|url=http://www.ouest-france.fr/monde/irak/trompettes-et-tambours-mediatiques-pour-la-reconquete-de-mossoul-4565599|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=Ouest-France|date=17 October 2016|language=fr-FR}}</ref>

== Keterlibatan Turki ==
Dilain pihak keterlibatan [[Turki]] dalam operasi telah menjadikan ketegangan baru hubungan antara [[Ankara]] dan [[Baghdad]].<ref name="aj1023">{{cite news|title=Battle for Mosul: Turkey confirms military involvement|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/battle-mosul-turkey-confirms-military-involvement-161023144053661.html|accessdate=23 October 2016|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=23 October 2016}}</ref> Turki setidaknya memiliki 1.500 sampai 2.000 tentara di Irak.<ref name="MathieuKodmani1016">{{cite news|last1=Mathieu|first1=Luc|last2=Kodmani|first2=Hala|title="Le gouvernement irakien n’a pas de plan pour le jour d’après"|url=http://www.liberation.fr/planete/2016/10/16/le-gouvernement-irakien-n-a-pas-de-plan-pour-le-jour-d-apres_1522350|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=Libération.fr|date=16 October 2016}}</ref> Termasuk 500 tentara Turki yang dikerahkan ke pangkalan dekat Bashiqa, di mana mereka bertugas melatih 1.500 relawan Sunni Irak terutama Turkmen dan Arab untuk merebut kembali Mosul.<ref>{{cite news|title=Offensive sur Mossoul: Washington tente de désamorcer les tensions Turquie-Irak|url=http://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1012257/offensive-sur-mossoul-washington-tente-de-desamorcer-les-tensions-turquie-irak.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=L'Orient-Le Jour|date=12 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Reconquête de Mossoul: la Turquie entend peser sur le champ de bataille irakien|url=http://www.rfi.fr/moyen-orient/20161017-irak-reconquete-mossoul-turquie-peser-bataille-kurdes-chiites|accessdate=18 October 2016|publisher=[[Radio France Internationale|RFI]]|date=17 October 2016|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Kikutsertaan Turki sebenarnya bertentangan dengan keinginan pemerintah Irak, yang menganggap bahwa Turki telah melanggar kedaulatan Irak. Namun Turki tidak bergeming oleh anggapan tersebut serta bersikeras menolak untuk menarik pasukannya<ref name="aj1023"/> dari wilayah Irak. Melalui sebuah pernyataan dihadapan parlemen negaranya pada tanggal pada tanggal 1 Oktober, Presiden Turki [[Recep Tayyip Erdogan]] menyatakan: "''Kami akan memainkan peran dalam operasi pembebasan Mosul dan tidak ada yang dapat mencegah kita dari berpartisipasi''".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lister|first1=Tim|last2=Alkhshali|first2=Hamdi|title=Stakes high for Iraq as Mosul offensive looms|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/04/middleeast/iraq-mosul-campaign-analysis-lister/|accessdate=18 October 2016|publisher=CNN|date=4 October 2016}}</ref> Erdogan menegaskan bahwa kehadiran pasukannya dalam serangan ke Mosul adalah untuk mencegah jatuhnya Mosul kedalam kekusaan Kurdi atau Syiah yang akan mengancam keamanan negara Turki.<ref>{{cite news|title=Erdogan: Iraq unable to liberate Mosul on its own|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/10/15/Erdogan-Iraq-cannot-handle-Mosul-assault-alone.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=Al Arabiya|date=15 October 2016}}</ref> Kehadiran Turki dikritik oleh Kurdi di Irak utara<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hesen|first1=Rêbaz|title=People of South Kurdistan: Turkey after a permanent occupation in Mosul|url=https://anfenglish.com/kurdistan/people-of-south-kurdistan-turkey-after-a-permanent-occupation-in-mosul|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=[[Firat News Agency]]|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> dan ribuan demonstran Kurdi menggelar unjuk rasa di Kedutaan Besar Turki di Baghdad pada 18 Oktober, menuntut pasukan Turki mundur dari Irak.<ref>{{cite news|title=آلاف العراقيين يتظاهرون للمطالبة بخروج القوات التركية (Thousands of Iraqis Demonstrate to Demand the Withdrawal of Turkish Troops|url=http://www.alhurra.com/a/iraq-protests-turkish-embassy/330392.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=قناة الحرة (Al Hurra)|date=18 October 2016}}</ref>

Sekutu Turki, Amerika Serikat dilaporkan telah berusaha untuk membujuk Irak untuk bekerja sama dengan Turki pada serangan terhadap Mosul.<ref>{{cite news|last=Baldor|first=Lolita C.|title=Carter says Turkey should play role in Mosul fight|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/carter-to-meet-with-turkey-leaders-stress-iraqi-sovereignty/2016/10/21/b8865da6-9756-11e6-9cae-2a3574e296a6_story.html|accessdate=23 October 2016|work=The Washington Post|agency=Associated Press|date=22 October 2016|archive-date=2018-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219032742/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/carter-to-meet-with-turkey-leaders-stress-iraqi-sovereignty/2016/10/21/b8865da6-9756-11e6-9cae-2a3574e296a6_story.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sekretaris Departemen Pertahanan AS Ash Carter mengunjungi Turki pada 21 Oktober, di mana dicapai kesepakatan memungkinkan partisipasi terbatas Turki sambil menunggu mendapatkan persetujuan Irak. Carter membahas keterlibatan Turki secara rinci dengan Perdana Menteri Haider al-Abadi di Baghdad pada 22 Oktober dan dengan Masoud Barzani, Presiden Kurdistan Irak, di Erbil pada hari berikutnya.<ref name="rudaw1023">{{cite news|title=MOSUL OFFENSIVE DAY 7: Live Updates|url=http://rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/23102016|accessdate=23 October 2016|publisher=Rudaw Media Network|date=23 October 2016}}</ref> 

Al-Abadi menolak tawaran segala sesuatu bantuan Turki, dengan mengatakan "''Kami tahu bahwa Turki ingin berpartisipasi. Kami memberitahu mereka terima kasih, ini adalah yang akan ditangani oleh orang Irak dan Irak akan membebaskan Mosul dan seluruh wilayah lainnya''"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Baldor|first1=Lolita C.|title=Iraqi leader resists US push for Turkish role in Mosul fight|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/us-defense-secretary-carter-arrives-in-iraq/2016/10/22/d6242c72-9827-11e6-9cae-2a3574e296a6_story.html|accessdate=23 October 2016|work=The Washington Post|agency=Associated Press|date=22 October 2016|archive-date=2018-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202015852/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/us-defense-secretary-carter-arrives-in-iraq/2016/10/22/d6242c72-9827-11e6-9cae-2a3574e296a6_story.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

Pada perkembangan situasi di Mosul selanjutnya pada tanggal 23 Oktober, Perdana Menteri Turki Binali Yildirim mengumumkan telah menembak posisi ISIS dekat Mosul setelah permintaan bantuan dari Peshmerga.<ref name="aj1023"/> Dengan bantuan dari pasukan Amerika, Inggris dan Turki, yang Peshmerga menempatkan pasukan mereka di sekeliling Bashiqa<ref name="TurkeyKurdsPush">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/23/mosul-offensive-turkish-and-kurdish-forces-launch-attacks-on-isis|title=Turkish and Kurdish soldiers join forces to gain advantage in Mosul push|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref>

== Referensi ==
{{reflist|30em}}

[[Kategori:Negara Islam Irak dan Syam]]