Lihat sumber Vympel R-77

{{Infobox Weapon
|is_missile=yes
|name=R-77/RVV-AE <br /><small>([[NATO reporting name]]: AA-12 Adder<small>)
|image=[[Berkas:Vympel-R-77-maks2009.jpg|300px]]
|caption=R-77/RVV-AE <br /><small>([[NATO reporting name]]: AA-12 Adder<small>)
|origin= Rusia
|type=Medium-Range Active-Radar Homing Air-to-Air Missile
|used_by=
|manufacturer=[[Vympel NPO|Vympel]]
|unit_cost=
|propellant=
|production_date=
|service=[[1994]] (R-77)
|engine=[[solid propellant|Solid fuel]] rocket motor (R-77), air-breathing ramjet (R-77M1)
|engine_power=
|weight=175 kg (R-77), 226 kg (R-77M1)
|length=3.6 m (R-77)
|height=
|diameter=200 mm
|wingspan=350 mm
|speed= Mach 4.5 (R-77)
|vehicle_range=R-77: 90 km (55.92MI)<br />R-77M1: 175 km (108.7MI)
|ceiling=
|altitude=5 m-25 km (16.5-82,000 ft)
|filling=22 kg [http://ktrv.ru/production/68/649/652/] [[High Explosive|HE]], fragmenting
|guidance=[[inertial guidance|Inertial]] with [[mid-course update]] and terminal [[active radar homing]]
|detonation=[[laser]] proximity fuze
|launch_platform=[[MiG-21|Mikoyan MiG-21-93/Lance/Bison]], [[Mikoyan MiG-29]], [[Mikoyan MiG-31]], [[Mikoyan MiG-35]], [[Sukhoi Su-27|Sukhoi Su-27SM]], [[Sukhoi Su-30]], [[Sukhoi Su-34]], [[Sukhoi Su-35]], [[Sukhoi Su-37]], [[Sukhoi Su-47]], [[Yakovlev Yak-141]]<br />'''Future Platforms:'''<br />[[HAL Tejas]], [[Sukhoi PAK FA]]
}}

[[Berkas:Adder Missile.svg|jmpl|]]
[[Berkas:Seeker Vympel-R-77-maks2009.jpg|jmpl|]]

[[Peluru kendali|Rudal]] '''R-77 (RVV-AE)'''Rusia ([[kode NATO]]: '''AA-12 Adder''') adalah sebuah [[Peluru kendali|rudal]] jarak menengah, [[Peluru kendali udara ke udara|udara-ke-udara]], [[tembak-dan-lupakan]], dan berkendali [[radar aktif]]. [[Peluru kendali|Rudal]] R-77 diklaim lebih superior dibanding [[AIM-120 AMRAAM]] Amerika.<ref name="FAS">{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/aa-12.htm|title=Federation of American Scientists - "AA-12 ADDER R-77"|accessdate=2006-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041204170726/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/aa-12.htm|archive-date=4 December 2004|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2018b">{{cite journal| author=International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)| authorlink=International Institute for Strategic Studies| title=The Military Balance 2018| journal=The Military Balance| volume=118| issue=| pages=| publisher=Routledge| date=14 February 2018| language=english| doi= }}</ref><ref name="2018b"/><ref name="2018b"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://warisboring.com/russias-most-feared-air-to-air-missile-is-actually-kind-of-a-dud/|title=Russia’s Most Feared Air-to-Air Missile Is Actually Kind of a Dud|publisher=War is Boring|first=Tom|last=Cooper|access-date=30 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830110448/https://warisboring.com/russias-most-feared-air-to-air-missile-is-actually-kind-of-a-dud/|archive-date=30 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Pengembangan ==
Pengembangan [[Peluru kendali|Rudal]] R-77 dimulai pada 1982, pertama terbang 1984. [[Peluru kendali|Rudal]] ini masuk kedinasan resmi tidak lama setelah itu, tetapi produksi berjalan lambat sampai Vympel diberi tugas ini pada tahun 1993.

== Varian ==
[[Berkas:RVV mods.svg|200px|jmpl|R-77 variants:<br />R-77 (RVV-AE), <br />R-77PD (RVV-PD),<br />RVV-ZRK,<br />K-77M (izdeliye 180),<br />K-77ME (izdeliyе 180-BD)]]

* '''R-77 (''izdeliye'' 170)''' – model standart
* '''RVV-AE (''izdeliye'' 190)''' – Model export dari R-77<ref>{{cite web|title=RVV-AE|website=Rosoboronexport|url=http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/aerospace-systems/air-to-air-missile/rvv-ae/}}</ref>
* '''R-77P / RVV-PE''' – Model pasive homing <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deagel.com/Air-to-Air-Missiles/R-77P_a001032003.aspx|title=R-77P|website=www.deagel.com|access-date=31 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426215357/http://www.deagel.com/Air-to-Air-Missiles/R-77P_a001032003.aspx|archive-date=26 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''R-77T / RVV-TE''' – model infra merah homing <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deagel.com/Air-to-Air-Missiles/R-77T_a001032002.aspx|title=R-77T|website=www.deagel.com|access-date=31 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426214943/http://www.deagel.com/Air-to-Air-Missiles/R-77T_a001032002.aspx|archive-date=26 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''R-77-1 (''izdeliye'' 170-1)''' – Varian buatan Russan-built dengan ujung streamline, seeker head radar aktif 9B-1248 (''Izdeliye-50-1''), dan sirip baru
* '''RVV-SD''' – Model ekspor R-77-1<ref>{{cite web|title=RVV-SD|website=Rosoboronexport|url=http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/aerospace-systems/air-to-air-missile/rvv-sd/}}</ref>
* '''R-77-SRK''' – Varian rudal [[Surface-to-air missile|Ship-to-air]]
* '''R-77-ZRK / RVV-AE-ZRK''' – Varian RVV-ZRK [[Surface-to-air missile|Surface-to-air]]
* '''R-77-PD / RVV-AE-PD''' – Model ramjet
* '''R-77-PD ZRK / RVV-AE-ZRK''' – Varian RVV-(PD-)ZRK [[Surface-to-air missile|Surface-to-air]]
* '''K-77M (''izdeliye'' 180)''' – Versi dalam pengembangan untuk [[Sukhoi Su-57]] dengan seeker [[active electronically scanned array|AESA]],<ref name="2018b"/> sirip konvensional, dan dua pulse motor
* '''K-77ME (''izdeliye'' 180-BD)''' – Model ramjet dari K-77M<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/farnborough-air-show/2010-07-17/t-50-completes-early-flight-and-bench-tests|title=T-50 completes early flight and bench tests|work=Aviation International News|accessdate=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731165021/http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/farnborough-air-show/2010-07-17/t-50-completes-early-flight-and-bench-tests|archive-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Operator ==
[[Berkas:Map with R-77 operators in blue.png|alt=|jmpl|400x400px|Map with R-77 operators in blue]]

=== Operator saat ini ===
* {{DZA}} – untuk pesawat Su-30MKA<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deagel.com/Air-to-Air-Missiles/R-77_a001032001.aspx|title=R-77|website=www.deagel.com|access-date=1 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014204055/http://www.deagel.com/Air-to-Air-Missiles/R-77_a001032001.aspx|archive-date=14 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{EGY}} – untuk pesawat MIG-29M/M2 dan Su-35<ref>{{cite web|url=https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/egyptian-armed-forces.103456/page-259.aspx|title=Egyptian Armed Forces|website=defence.pk|access-date=17 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521104804/https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/egyptian-armed-forces.103456/page-259.aspx|archive-date=21 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{PRC}} – untuk pesawat Su-30MKK dan Su-30MK2
** {{flagicon image|Air Force Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg}} [[People's Liberation Army Air Force]]<ref name="2018b"/>
** {{flagicon image|Naval Ensign of China.svg}} [[People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force]]<ref name="2018b"/>
* {{IND}} – untuk pesawat Su-30MKI dan MiG-29UPG <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deagel.com/Air-to-Air-Missiles/R-77_a001032001.aspx |title=R-77|website=www.deagel.com|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406084044/http://www.deagel.com/Air-to-Air-Missiles/R-77_a001032001.aspx |archivedate=6 April 2013}}</ref> menerima 500 peluru pada 2014-15, memesan 400 lagi pada 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2019/0620/104552948/detail.shtml |title=ВВС Индии подписали контракт на закупку в России свыше 700 авиационных управляемых ракет |trans-title=Indian air force signs contract for purchase of over 700 aircraft guided missiles in Russia|language=Ru|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/article/90192/india-signs-usd700-million-deal-with-russia-for-1-000-additional-air-to-air-missiles |title=India signs USD700 million deal with Russia for 1,000 additional air-to-air missiles|first1=Rahul|last1=Bedi|first2=Dmitry|last2=Fediushko|date=31 July 2019}}</ref>
** {{flagicon image|Fin Flash of India.svg}} [[Indian Naval Air Arm]]<ref name="2018b"/>
* {{INA}} – untuk pesawat Su-30MK2 dan Su-27SKM <ref>2011 Annual Report of Tactical Missile Corporation, {{cite web|url=http://bmpd.livejournal.com/290141.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-07-31 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120821071032/http://bmpd.livejournal.com/290141.html |archivedate=2012-08-21 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jakartagreater.com/sukhoi-tni-au-dan-rudal-r-77/|title=Sukhoi TNI AU dan Rudal R-77|work=JakartaGreater|accessdate=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112123425/http://jakartagreater.com/sukhoi-tni-au-dan-rudal-r-77/|archive-date=12 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|Kazakhstan}} – untuk pesawat Su-30SM <ref name="2018b"/>
* {{MYS}} – 150 peluru dikirimkan untuk pesawat [[Sukhoi Su-30MKM]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/world/20120419/172915744.html|title=Russia Signs $35-Mln Missile Contract with Malaysia|accessdate=2012-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121030922/http://en.rian.ru/world/20120419/172915744.html|archive-date=21 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{PER}} – 12-30 peluru untuk pesawat MiG-29SE dan MiG-29SMP<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.larepublica.pe/25-05-2002/gobierno-eliminaria-misiles-rusos-r-77|title=Gobierno eliminaría misiles rusos R-77|accessdate=2014-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519013411/http://www.larepublica.pe/25-05-2002/gobierno-eliminaria-misiles-rusos-r-77|archive-date=19 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{RUS}} – versi dasat tidak pernah ditampilkan secara resmi, pesawat Su-30SM dan Su-35S tampak dengan R-77-1 ketika diluncurkan di Syria<ref name="2018b"/>
* {{SRB}} – Serbia memesan 100 R-77-1 missiles untuk pesawat Mig-29SMT<ref>http://tangosix.rs/2016/23/12/vucic-za-mig-ove-uzimamo-82-rakete/{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* {{SUD}} – untuk pesawat MiG-29SE<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rense.com/general18/russiasells.htm|title=Russia Sells Advanced MiG-29   Fulcrums To Sudan And Yemen|accessdate=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151207221410/http://www.rense.com/general18/russiasells.htm|archive-date=7 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{SYR}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/39087/russia-helps-keep-syria-s-mig-29s-flying|title=Russia helps keep Syria's MiG-29s flying|accessdate=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140612161151/http://www.janes.com/article/39087/russia-helps-keep-syria-s-mig-29s-flying|archive-date=12 June 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|Uganda}}<ref name="2018b"/>
* {{VEN}} – 100 peluru dipesan untuk pesawat Su-30MK2<ref name="2018b"/>
* {{VIE}} – untuk pesawat Su-30MK2V <ref>{{cite web|url=http://baodatviet.vn/hinh-anh/201301/Thu-tuong-kiem-tra-ten-lua-cho-Su-30MK2-2214697/|title=Thủ tướng kiểm tra tên lửa cho Su-30MK2|accessdate=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073512/http://baodatviet.vn/hinh-anh/201301/Thu-tuong-kiem-tra-ten-lua-cho-Su-30MK2-2214697/|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{YEM}} – 100 peluru sikirim pada 2005 untuk pesawat MiG-29SMT<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/attach/103/103479_Trade-Register-2003-2007.doc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424080703/https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/attach/103/103479_Trade-Register-2003-2007.doc|url-status=live|archive-date=24 April 2016|title=SIPRI Trade Register|accessdate=23 December 2014}}</ref>

==Lihat pula==
* [[Peluru kendali]]
* [[Peluru kendali udara ke udara]]
* [[Pemandu inframerah]]
* [[Imaging inframerah]] (IIR)
* [[Seeker head peluru kendali]]
* [[Tembak-dan-lupakan]]
* [[Radar homing aktif]]
* [[Radar homing semi-aktif]]
* [[Lock-on after launch]]
* [[Sistem Navigasi Inersia]]
* [[Aktuator]]
* [[Sirip]]
* [[Sirip grid]]
* [[Control Actuator Systems (CAS)]]
* [[Mesin roket]]
* [[Roket propelan padat]]
* [[Bahan pendorong]]
* [[STANAG]]
* [[Fase penerbangan peluru kendali balistik]]
* [[Pemandu laser]]
* [[Panduan terminal]]
* [[Impuls spesifik]]
* [[Gaya dorong]]
* [[Hulu ledak]]
* [[Murang proksimitas]]
* [[Fragmentasi (persenjataan)]]
* [[Bom]]
* [[Bahan peledak]]
* [[Radar airborne]]
* [[Radar Intersepsi airborne]]
* [[Radar pengendali tembakan]]
* [[Sistem pengendali tembakan]]
* [[Radar pengendali taktis]]
* [[Airborne Computer System]]
* [[AN/AYK-14]]
* [[Penangkal elektronik|Electronic countermeasure (ECM)]]
* [[Flare]] 
* [[Chaff]]
* [[Tautan data]]
* [[Tautan data taktis]]

== Referensi ==
{{commons|}}
{{commonscat}}
{{reflist}}

== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/aa-12.htm Federation of American Scientists page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828093048/http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/aa-12.htm |date=2016-08-28 }}
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/aa-12-specs.htm GlobalSecurity.org page]
* [http://www.saunalahti.fi/~fta/ruaf-ap5.htm DATA CONCERNING RUSSIAN AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026084149/http://www.saunalahti.fi/~fta/ruaf-ap5.htm |date=2007-10-26 }}
* http://www.avia.ru
* http://www.sukhoi.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917004056/https://www.sukhoi.org/ |date=2020-09-17 }}

{{clr}}
{{jenis rudal}}

[[Kategori:Peluru kendali udara ke udara]]
[[Kategori:Peluru kendali Rusia]]
[[Kategori:Tembak-dan-lupakan]]