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Templat ini memudahkan penulisan nilai [[:en:physical constant|konstanta fisika]] dalam artikel-artikel. Untuk saat ini, memuat nilai rekomendasi dari [[CODATA]] 2010, tetapi dengan menggunakan templat ini, akan langsung dapat mengganti semua nilai jika suatu saat ada update nilai. Secara khusus, jika [[:en:new SI definitions|definisi baru SI]] disetujui, nilai-nilai angka konstanta yang dipakai dalam definisi baru akan menjadi pasti sedangkan konstanta-konstanta yang digunakan pada definisi lama akan mempunyai ketidakpastian.
This template allows the values of [[physical constant]]s to be quickly entered in articles. As of now, it returns [[CODATA]] 2010 recommended values, but using the template allows all the articles using it to be updated at once when more recent values become available. In particular, if the proposed [[new SI definitions]] are approved, the numerical values of the constants used in the new definitions will become exact whereas those of the constants used in the old definition will acquire an uncertainty.
=== Penggunaan ===
=== Penggunaan ===
==== Arguments ====
==== Argumen ====
;<code>symbol</code>: If set to <code>yes</code>, the value is preceded by the symbol of the constant, followed by {{xt|≈}} or {{xt|&#61;}} depending on whether or not <code>round</code> is set.
;<code>symbol</code>: Jika dimasukkan nilai <code>yes</code>, nilai ini diawali dengan simbol konstanta, diikuti oleh {{xt|≈}} atau {{xt|&#61;}} tergantung apakah <code>round</code> di-set atau tidak.
;<code>round</code>: If omitted, the value is shown along with its standard uncertainty. If set to an integer ''n'', the value is rounded to the first ''n'' digits after the decimal point. If set to <code>auto</code>, the value is rounded so that the standard uncertainty is no more than 1.5 units in the last place.
;<code>round</code>: Jika dihilangkan, nilai ini ditayangkan bersama ketidakpastian standar. Jika di-set ke bilangan bulat ''n'', nilanya dibulatkan ke ''n'' digit pertama setelah koma desimal. Jika di-set menjadi <code>auto</code>, nilainya dibulatkan sehingga ketidakpastian standar tidak lebih dari 1,5 unit dalam tempat terakhir.
;<code>unit</code>: If set to <code>no</code>, the unit of measurement is not shown.
;<code>unit</code>: Jika diisi <code>no</code>, satuan pengukuran tidak ditayangkan.
;<code>ref</code>: If set to <code>no</code>, no reference is given. If set to <code>only</code>, only the reference is given.
;<code>ref</code>: Jika diisi <code>no</code>, tidak diberikan referensi. Jika diisi <code>only</code>, hanya referensi yang ditayangkan.
;<code>after</code>: Text (e.g. punctuation) to be shown after the constant before the reference.
;<code>after</code>: Teks (misalnya tanda baca) ditayangkan setelah konstanta, sebelum referensi.


====Contoh====
==== Contoh ====
;<code><nowiki>{{physconst|c|unit=no|after=&amp;nbsp;[[metre per second|metres per second]].}}</nowiki></code>
;<code><nowiki>{{physconst|c|unit=no|after=&amp;nbsp;[[metre per second|metres per second]].}}</nowiki></code>
:{{physconst|c|unit=no|after=&nbsp;[[metre per second|metres per second]].}}
:{{physconst|c|unit=no|after=&nbsp;[[metre per second|metres per second]].}}
Baris 23: Baris 23:
:{{physconst|hbar|round=2|symbol=yes}}
:{{physconst|hbar|round=2|symbol=yes}}


====Konstanta yang tersedia ====
==== Konstanta yang tersedia ====
*<code>alpha</code>: [[fine-structure constant]] ({{physconst|alpha|symbol=yes}})
*<code>a0</code>: [[radius Bohr]] ({{physconst|a0|symbol=yes}})
*<code>c</code>: [[speed of light]] ({{physconst|c|symbol=yes}})
*<code>alpha</code>: [[konstanta struktur halus]] ({{physconst|alpha|symbol=yes}})
*<code>e</code>: [[elementary charge]] ({{physconst|e|symbol=yes}})
*<code>A90</code> [[Satuan listrik konvensional|ampere konvensional]] ({{physconst|A90|symbol=yes}})
*<code>eps0</code>: [[vacuum permittivity]] ({{physconst|eps0|symbol=yes}})
*<code>atm</code> [[Atmosfer (satuan)|atmosfer standar]] ({{physconst|atm|symbol=yes}})
*<code>eV</code>: [[electronvolt]] ({{physconst|eV|symbol=yes}})
*<code>bwien</code> [[Hukum pergesaran Wien|Konstanta hukum pergeseran panjang gelombang Wien]] ({{physconst|bwien|symbol=yes}})
*<code>F</code>: [[Faraday constant]] ({{physconst|F|symbol=yes}})
*<code>bwien'</code> [[Hukum pergesaran Wien|Konstanta hukum pergeseran frekuensi Wien]] ({{physconst|bwien'|symbol=yes}})
*<code>G</code>: [[gravitational constant]] ({{physconst|G|symbol=yes}})
*<code>c</code> [[laju cahaya]] ({{physconst|c|symbol=yes}})
*<code>G0</code>: [[conductance quantum]] ({{physconst|G0|symbol=yes}})
*<code>c1</code> konstanta radiasi pertama ({{physconst|c1|symbol=yes}})
*<code>h</code>: [[Planck constant]] ({{physconst|h|symbol=yes}})
*<code>c1L</code> konstanta radiasi pertama untuk radiasi spektrak ({{physconst|c1L|symbol=yes}})
*<code>hbar</code>: reduced [[Planck constant]] ({{physconst|hbar|symbol=yes}})
*<code>c2</code> konstanta radiasi kedua ({{physconst|c2|symbol=yes}})
*<code>invalpha</code>: inverse [[fine-structure constant]] ({{physconst|invalpha|symbol=yes}})
*<code>C90</code> [[Satuan listrik konvensional|coulomb konvensional]] ({{physconst|C90|symbol=yes}})
*<code>k</code>: [[Boltzmann constant]] ({{physconst|k|symbol=yes}})
*<code>DnuCs</code>[[Struktur hiperhalus#Penggunaan dalam mendefinisikan detik dan meter SI|frekuensi transisi struktur hiperhalus desium-133]] ({{physconst|DnuCs|symbol=yes}})
*<code>me</code>: [[electron]] mass ({{physconst|me|symbol=yes}})
*<code>e</code> [[muatan elementer]] ({{physconst|e|symbol=yes}})
*<code>mp</code>: [[proton]] mass ({{physconst|mp|symbol=yes}})
*<code>Eh</code> [[energi Hartree]] ({{physconst|Eh|symbol=yes}})
*<code>mpome</code>: [[proton-to-electron mass ratio]] ({{physconst|mpome|symbol=yes}})
*<code>EheV</code> [[energi Hartree]] dalam eV ({{physconst|EheV|symbol=yes}})
*<code>mu</code>: [[atomic mass constant]] ({{physconst|mu|symbol=yes}})
*<code>eps0</code> [[permitivitas listrik vakum]] ({{physconst|eps0|symbol=yes}})
*<code>mu0</code>: [[vacuum permeability]] ({{physconst|mu0|symbol=yes}})
*<code>eV</code> [[elektronvolt]] ({{physconst|eV|symbol=yes}})
*<code>NA</code>: [[Avogadro constant]] ({{physconst|NA|symbol=yes}})
*<code>F</code> [[konstanta Faraday]] ({{physconst|F|symbol=yes}})
*<code>Phi0</code>: [[magnetic flux quantum]] ({{physconst|Phi0|symbol=yes}})
*<code>F90</code> [[Satuan listrik konvensional|farad konvensional]] ({{physconst|F|symbol=yes}})
*<code>R</code>: [[gas constant]] ({{physconst|R|symbol=yes}})
*<code>G</code> [[konstanta gravitasi]] ({{physconst|G|symbol=yes}})
*<code>Rinf</code>: [[Rydberg constant]] ({{physconst|Rinf|symbol=yes}})
*<code>G0</code> [[konduktansi kuantum]] ({{physconst|G0|symbol=yes}})
*<code>sigma</code>: [[Stefan–Boltzmann constant]] ({{physconst|sigma|symbol=yes}})
*<code>g0</code> [[Gravitasi standar|percepatan gravitasi standar]] ({{physconst|g0|symbol=yes}})
*<code>bwien</code>: [[Wien's displacement law|Wien's displacement constant]] ({{physconst|bwien|symbol=yes}})
*<code>ge</code> [[faktor-g (fisika)|faktor-''g'']] elektron ({{physconst|ge|symbol=yes}})
*<code>GF/hbarc3</code> [[konstanta sambatan Fermi]] ({{physconst|GF/hbarc3|symbol=yes}})
*<code>gmu</code> [[faktor-g (fisika)|faktor-''g'']] muon ({{physconst|gmu|symbol=yes}})
*<code>gp</code> [[faktor-g (fisika)|faktor-''g'']] proton ({{physconst|gp|symbol=yes}})
*<code>h</code> [[konstanta Planck]] ({{physconst|h|symbol=yes}})
*<code>H90</code> [[Satuan listrik konvensional|henry konvensional]] ({{physconst|H90|symbol=yes}})
*<code>hbar</code> [[konstanta Planck]] yang dikurangi ({{physconst|hbar|symbol=yes}})
*<code>h/2me</code> kuantum sirkulasi ({{physconst|h/2me|symbol=yes}})
*<code>invalpha</code> invers [[konstanta struktur halus]] ({{physconst|invalpha|symbol=yes}})
*<code>invG0</code> invers [[konduktansi kuantum]] ({{physconst|invG0|symbol=yes}})
*<code>k</code> [[konstanta Boltzmann]] ({{physconst|k|symbol=yes}})
*<code>KJ</code> [[konstanta Josephson]] ({{physconst|KJ|symbol=yes}})
*<code>KJ90</code> [[Satuan listrik konvensional|nilai konvensional]] dari [[konstanta Josephson]] ({{physconst|KJ90|symbol=yes}})
*<code>lP</code> [[panjang Planck]] ({{physconst|lP|symbol=yes}})
*<code>MC12</code> massa molar dari [[karbon-12]] ({{physconst|MC12|symbol=yes}})
*<code>me</code> massa [[elektron]] ({{physconst|me|symbol=yes}})
*<code>meDa</code> massa [[elektron]] dalam [[Dalton (satuan)|dalton]] ({{physconst|meDa|symbol=yes}})
*<code>mmu</code> massa [[muon]] ({{physconst|mmu|symbol=yes}})
*<code>mn</code> massa [[neutron]] ({{physconst|mn|symbol=yes}})
*<code>mnDa</code> massa [[neutron]] dalam [[Dalton (satuan)|dalton]] ({{physconst|mnDa|symbol=yes}})
*<code>mP</code> [[massa Planck]] ({{physconst|mP|symbol=yes}})
*<code>mp</code> massa [[proton]] ({{physconst|mp|symbol=yes}})
*<code>mpome</code> [[perbandingan massa proton dengan elektron]] ({{physconst|mpome|symbol=yes}})
*<code>mtau</code> massa [[tau]] ({{physconst|mtau|symbol=yes}})
*<code>Mu</code> [[konstanta massa molar]] ({{physconst|Mu|symbol=yes}})
*<code>mu</code> [[konstanta massa atom]] ({{physconst|mu|symbol=yes}})
*<code>muc2</code> ekuivalen energi dari [[konstanta massa atom]] ({{physconst|muc2|symbol=yes}})
*<code>mueV</code> ekuivalen energi dari [[konstanta massa atom]] dalam MeV ({{physconst|mueV|symbol=yes}})
*<code>mu0</code> [[permeabilitas magnet vakum]] ({{physconst|mu0|symbol=yes}})
*<code>muB</code> [[magneton Bohr]] ({{physconst|muB|symbol=yes}})
*<code>muN</code> [[magneton nuklir]] ({{physconst|muN|symbol=yes}})
*<code>mW/mZ</code> [[Sudut Weinberg|perbandingan massa W dengan Z]] ({{physconst|muN|symbol=yes}})
*<code>NA</code> [[konstanta Avogadro]] ({{physconst|NA|symbol=yes}})
*<code>NAh</code> konstanta Planck molar ({{physconst|NAh|symbol=yes}})
*<code>ohm90</code> [[Satuan listrik konvensional|ohm konvensional]] ({{physconst|ohm90|symbol=yes}})
*<code>Phi0</code> [[kuantum fluks magnet]] ({{physconst|Phi0|symbol=yes}})
*<code>R</code> [[konstanta gas molar]] ({{physconst|R|symbol=yes}})
*<code>re</code> [[radius elektron klasik]] ({{physconst|re|symbol=yes}})
*<code>Rinf</code> [[konstanta Rydberg]] ({{physconst|Rinf|symbol=yes}})
*<code>RK</code> [[konstanta von Klitzing]] ({{physconst|RK|symbol=yes}})
*<code>RK90</code> [[Satuan listrik konvensional|nilai konvensional]] dari [[konstanta von Klitzing]] ({{physconst|RK90|symbol=yes}})
*<code>sigma</code> [[konstanta Stefan–Boltzmann]] ({{physconst|sigma|symbol=yes}})
*<code>sigmae</code> [[Penampang lintang (fisika)|penampang lintang]] Thomson ({{physconst|sigmae|symbol=yes}})
*<code>TP</code> [[suhu Planck]] ({{physconst|TP|symbol=yes}})
*<code>tP</code> [[waktu Planck]] ({{physconst|tP|symbol=yes}})
*<code>V90</code> [[Satuan listrik konvensional|volt konvensional]] ({{physconst|V90|symbol=yes}})
*<code>VmSi</code> [[Volumen molar#Volume molar silikon|volume molar silikon]] ({{physconst|VmSi|symbol=yes}})
*<code>W90</code> [[Satuan linstrik konvensional|watt konvensional]] ({{physconst|W90|symbol=yes}})
*<code>Z0</code> [[Impedansi ruang hampa|impedansi karakteristik ruang hampa]] ({{physconst|Z0|symbol=yes}})


=== See also ===
=== Lihat pula ===
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
<includeonly>
<includeonly>
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Revisi terkini sejak 2 Juli 2020 13.52

Templat ini memudahkan penulisan nilai konstanta fisika dalam artikel-artikel. Untuk saat ini, memuat nilai rekomendasi dari CODATA 2010, tetapi dengan menggunakan templat ini, akan langsung dapat mengganti semua nilai jika suatu saat ada update nilai. Secara khusus, jika definisi baru SI disetujui, nilai-nilai angka konstanta yang dipakai dalam definisi baru akan menjadi pasti sedangkan konstanta-konstanta yang digunakan pada definisi lama akan mempunyai ketidakpastian.

Penggunaan

[sunting sumber]
symbol
Jika dimasukkan nilai yes, nilai ini diawali dengan simbol konstanta, diikuti oleh atau = tergantung apakah round di-set atau tidak.
round
Jika dihilangkan, nilai ini ditayangkan bersama ketidakpastian standar. Jika di-set ke bilangan bulat n, nilanya dibulatkan ke n digit pertama setelah koma desimal. Jika di-set menjadi auto, nilainya dibulatkan sehingga ketidakpastian standar tidak lebih dari 1,5 unit dalam tempat terakhir.
unit
Jika diisi no, satuan pengukuran tidak ditayangkan.
ref
Jika diisi no, tidak diberikan referensi. Jika diisi only, hanya referensi yang ditayangkan.
after
Teks (misalnya tanda baca) ditayangkan setelah konstanta, sebelum referensi.
{{physconst|c|unit=no|after=&nbsp;[[metre per second|metres per second]].}}
299.792.458 metres per second.[1]
{{physconst|mu0|symbol=yes}}
μ0 = 1,25663706212(19)×10−6 N⋅A−2[2]
{{physconst|G|symbol=yes}}
G = 6,67430(15)×10−11 m3⋅kg−1⋅s−2[3]
{{physconst|h|round=auto|ref=no}}
6,62607×10−34 J⋅s
{{physconst|hbar|round=2|symbol=yes}}
ħ ≈ 1,05×10−34 J⋅s[4]

Konstanta yang tersedia

[sunting sumber]

Lihat pula

[sunting sumber]
  1. ^ a b "2018 CODATA Value: speed of light in vacuum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  2. ^ a b "2018 CODATA Value: vacuum magnetic permeability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  3. ^ a b "2018 CODATA Value: Newtonian constant of gravitation". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  4. ^ a b "2018 CODATA Value: reduced Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-08-28. 
  5. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Bohr radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  6. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  7. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of ampere-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-06-01. 
  8. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: standard atmosphere". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  9. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Wien wavelength displacement law constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  10. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Wien frequency displacement law constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  11. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: first radiation constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  12. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: first radiation constant for spectral radiance". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  13. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: second radiation constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  14. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of coulomb-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-06-01. 
  15. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: hyperfine transition frequency of Cs-133". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-08-18. 
  16. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: elementary charge". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  17. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Hartree energy". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  18. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Hartree energy in eV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-09-01. 
  19. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: vacuum electric permittivity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  20. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: electron volt". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  21. ^ a b "2018 CODATA Value: Faraday constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  22. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conductance quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  23. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: standard acceleration of gravity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  24. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: electron g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2020-03-13. 
  25. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  26. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: muon g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  27. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: proton g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. June 2015. Diakses tanggal 2019-03-08. 
  28. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  29. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of henry-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-06-01. 
  30. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: quantum of circulation". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  31. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: inverse fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  32. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: inverse of conductance quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  33. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Boltzmann constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  34. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Josephson constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  35. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of Josephson constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  36. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Planck length". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  37. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: molar mass of carbon-12". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  38. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: electron mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  39. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: electron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2020-06-21. 
  40. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: muon mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  41. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: neutron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-08-23. 
  42. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: neutron mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2020-06-24. 
  43. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Planck mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  44. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: proton mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  45. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: proton-electron mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  46. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: tau mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  47. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: molar mass constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  48. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  49. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-07-21. 
  50. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-07-21. 
  51. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Bohr magneton". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  52. ^ a b "2018 CODATA Value: nuclear magneton". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  53. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Avogadro constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  54. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: molar Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  55. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of ohm-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-06-01. 
  56. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: magnetic flux quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  57. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: molar gas constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  58. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: classical electron radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  59. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Rydberg constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  60. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: von Klitzing constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  61. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of von Klitzing constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  62. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Stefan–Boltzmann constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  63. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Thomson cross section". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  64. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Planck temperature". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  65. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Planck time". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-20. 
  66. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of volt-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-06-01. 
  67. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: molar volume of silicon". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-06-23. 
  68. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of watt-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-06-01. 
  69. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: characteristic impedance of vacuum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-10-31.