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{{About|jalur kereta api di Inggris yang sedang dibangun|layanan sebelumnya yang dibuka tahun 2015|TfL Rail|kegunaan lain}}
{{Infobox rail line
{{Infobox rail line
| name = Crossrail
| name = Crossrail
| other_name = Elizabeth Line (sejak Desember 2018)
| color =
| logo = Elizabeth line roundel.svg
| color = 0d2a72
| image = File:Crossrail tunnel looking west (11421362975).jpg
| image_width = 250px
| caption = Terowongan Crossrail sedang dibangun
| logo = File:Crossrail seal only.svg
| logo_width = 150px
| logo_width = 150px
| caption = Crossrail roundel
| type = {{plainlist|
| type = [[Kereta api komuter]]
*[[Kereta komuter]]
*[[Angkutan cepat]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tfl.gov.uk/corporate/about-tfl/what-we-do/tfl-rail |title=TfL Rail: What we do|publisher=Transport for London}}</ref>}}
| system = [[National Rail]]
| system = [[National Rail]]
| status = Sedang dibangun
| status = Sedang dibangun
| locale = [[London Raya]]; [[Berkshire]], [[Buckinghamshire]], [[Essex]]
| locale = [[London Raya]]; [[Berkshire]], [[Buckinghamshire]], [[Essex]]
| start = Barat: {{Stnlnk|Heathrow Terminal 4}} / {{Stnlnk|Reading}}
| start = Barat: [[Bandar Udara Heathrow London]] / {{rws|Reading}}
| end = Timur: {{Stnlnk|Abbey Wood}} / {{Stnlnk|Shenfield}}
| end = Timur: {{rws|Abbey Wood}} / {{rws|Shenfield}}
| stations = 40 (rencana)
| stations = 40 (rencana)
| routes =
| routes =
| ridership =
| daily_ridership =
| open = {{plainlist|
| open = 2019 (beroperasi penuh)<ref name="Operator">{{cite press release |url= http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/27439.aspx |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20130927092637/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/27439.aspx |title=TfL launches competition to find operator to run Crossrail services |publisher= [[Transport for London]] |date=12 March 2013 |archivedate=27 September 2013}}</ref>
*2015: Rute {{stn|Liverpool Street}} ke Shenfield diberi nama [[TfL Rail]]
| close =
*2019: Elizabeth Line dijadwalkan buka sepenuhnya<ref name="Operator">{{cite press release |url= http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/27439.aspx |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927092637/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/27439.aspx |title=TfL launches competition to find operator to run Crossrail services |publisher= Transport for London |date=12 March 2013 |archivedate=27 September 2013}}</ref>}}
| owner = {{unbulleted list|[[Transport for London]] ([[stasiun kereta Old Oak Common|Old Oak Common]] ke {{Stnlnk|Stratford}} dan {{Stnlnk|Abbey Wood}})|[[Network Rail]] (seksi [[Great Eastern Main Line|Great Eastern]] dan [[Great Western Main Line]])|[[Heathrow Airport Holdings]] ([[stasiun kereta Heathrow Terminal 4|Heathrow branch]])}}
| operator = [[MTR Crossrail]]<ref name=rg20140718 />
| close =
| owner = {{bulleted list|[[Transport for London]] ({{rws|Old Oak Common}} ke {{rws|Abbey Wood}} / {{stn|Stratford}})|[[Network Rail]] (Liverpool Street Main Line ke Shenfield dan Old Oak Common ke Reading)|[[Heathrow Airport Holdings]] (cabang Heathrow)}}
| character =
| operator = [[MTR Crossrail|MTR Corporation (Crossrail) Ltd]]<ref name=rg20140718 />
| depot = Ilford<br/>[[Old Oak Common TMD|Old Oak Common]]<br/>Plumstead <br/>(if Transport & Works Act Order approved)
| character =
| stock = [[British Rail Class 345|Class 345]]<br/> 9 carriages per trainset<ref name=rgi20140206 />
| linelength = {{convert|136|km|0|abbr=on}}
| depot = {{plainlist|
*[[Ilford EMU Depot|Ilford]]
| tracklength =
*[[Old Oak Common TMD|Old Oak Common]]
| notrack = 2
*Plumstead (if Transport & Works Act Order approved)}}
| gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}}
| stock = [[British Rail Class 345|Class 345]]<br /> 9 gerbong per rangkaian kereta<ref name=rgi20140206 />
| el = [[25 kV AC|25&nbsp;kV 50&nbsp;Hz AC]] ([[Overhead line]])
| speed = Up to {{convert|90|mph|km/h|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
| linelength =sekitar. {{convert|118|km|0|abbr=on}}
| elevation =
| tracklength =
| map =
| tracks = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|uksg|allk=on}}
| map_state =
| electrification = [[elektrifikasi rel 25 kV AC|25&nbsp;kV 50&nbsp;Hz AC]] ([[kabel gantung]])
| speed = {{convert|90|mph|km/h|abbr=on|order=flip}}
| elevation =
| map = {{Crossrail RDT|inline=yes}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}
}}
'''Crossrail''' adalah jalur kereta api sepanjang {{convert|118|km|0|abbr=off|adj=on}} yang sedang dibangun di Inggris dan membentang melintasi [[London]] dan [[county inti]] [[Berkshire]], [[Buckinghamshire]], dan [[Essex]]. Seksi tengah dan sebagian besar jalur antara {{stn|Paddington}} di London Pusat dan {{rws|Abbey Wood}} di tenggara dijadwalkan buka pada Desember 2018 dengan nama '''Elizabeth Line''' sebagai penghormatan untuk Ratu [[Elizabeth II]].<ref name=Standard>{{cite news |url=http://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/crossrail-named-the-elizabeth-line-royal-title-unveiled-as-the-queen-visits-bond-street-a3186791.html |work= London Evening Standard |title=Crossrail named the Elizabeth line: Royal title unveiled as the Queen visits Bond Street station |first=Robert |last=Jobson |accessdate=23 February 2016 |date=23 February 2016}}</ref>
'''Crossrail''' adalah jalur kereta dalam konstruksi sepanjang {{Templat:Convert|118|km|0|abbr = off|adj = on}} di London dan sekelilingnya. Jalur ini diperkirakan beroperasi penuh mulai tahun 2019 dengan rute timur-barat baru melalui [[London Raya|Greater London]]. Pekerjaan dimulai tahun 2009 dari seksi tengah—terowongan baru melewati [[central London]]—dan koneksi ke jalur yang sudah ada.<ref>{{cite news|last = Thomas|first = Nathalie|title = Going underground on Crossrail: A 40-year project is taking shape|url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/transport/10254467/Going-underground-on-Crossrail-A-40-year-project-is-taking-shape.html|newspaper = The Telegraph|date = 26 August 2013|location = London}}</ref> Proyek ini merupakan salah satu proyek konstruksi kereta terbesar di Eropa.<ref name="bbc16289051">{{cite news|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16289051|work = BBC News|title = Crossrail's giant tunnelling machines unveiled|date = 2 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="Allianz">{{cite web |url = http://knowledge.allianz.com/mobility/infrastructure/?2349/Digging-deep-Europes-biggest-infrastructure-project|title = Digging deep: Europe's biggest infrastructure project|accessdate = 19 October 2013|date = 4 July 2013|work = Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.crossrail.co.uk/construction/|title = Europe's Largest Construction Project|accessdate = 19 October 2013|work = Crossrail Ltd}}</ref>


Sebagian seksi timur antara {{stn|Liverpool Street}} dan {{rws|Shenfield}} di Essex diserahkan ke operator pendahulunya, [[TfL Rail]], pada tahun 2015; seksi ini akan terhubung ke rute utama melintasi London Pusat ke Paddington pada Mei 2009. Seksi barat dari Paddington ke [[Bandar Udara Heathrow London|Bandar Udara Heathrow]] dan {{rws|Reading}} di Berkshire dijadwalkan buka pada Desember 2019. Rute timur-barat baru yang melintasi London akan rampung dan menjadi rute kereta [[kereta komuter|komuter]] padat penumpang terbaru.
Tujuan Crossrail adalah untuk menyediakan layanan [[kereta api komuter]] frekuensi tinggi yang akan menghubungkan bagian [[Berkshire]] dan [[Buckinghamshire]], melalui pusat London, ke [[Essex]] dan tenggara London. Jalur ini juga akan terhubung dengan beberapa jalur [[London Underground]] seperti [[Jalur Sentral]] dan [[Jalur Distrik]] yang saat ini menjadi rute timur-barat utama serta [[Jalur Piccadilly]], Heathrow branch.


Proyek ini disetujui tahun 2007. Pembangunan seksi tengah dan sambungan ke jalur jadi yang akan menjadi bagian dari Crossrail dimulai tahun 2009.<ref>{{cite news|last=Thomas|first=Nathalie|title=Going underground on Crossrail: A 40-year project is taking shape|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/transport/10254467/Going-underground-on-Crossrail-A-40-year-project-is-taking-shape.html|work=The Telegraph|date=26 August 2013}}</ref> Ini adalah proyek pembangunan infrastruktur terbesar di Eropa.<ref name="bbc16289051">{{cite news |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16289051 |work=BBC News |title= Crossrail's giant tunnelling machines unveiled |date=2 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="Allianz">{{cite web | url = http://knowledge.allianz.com/mobility/infrastructure/?2349/Digging-deep-Europes-biggest-infrastructure-project | title = Digging deep: Europe's biggest infrastructure project | accessdate = 19 October 2013 | date = 4 July 2013 | work = Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.crossrail.co.uk/construction/ | title = Europe's Largest Construction Project | accessdate = 19 October 2013 | work = Crossrail Ltd | archive-date = 2013-10-19 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20131019093305/http://www.crossrail.co.uk/construction/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Fitur utamanya adalah terowongan ganda baru sepanjang {{convert|21|km|0|abbr=on}} di bawah pusat kota London.
Pembangunan utama proyek ini adalah terowongan baru sepanjang {{Templat:Convert|42|km|0|abbr = in}}. Terowongan ini dimulai dari dekat [[Stasiun London Paddington|Paddington]] sampai [[Stasiun Stratford|Stratford]] via pusat London.<ref name="Crossrail1">{{cite web |url = http://www.crossrail.co.uk/construction/tunnelling/|title = 42 kilometers of new rail tunnels under London|accessdate = 18 March 2013|publisher = Crossrail|year = 2013}}</ref>


Jaringan terowongan ini membentang dari Paddington sampai {{stn|Stratford}} dan {{rws|Canary Wharf}} di timur.<ref name="Crossrail1">{{cite web |url= http://www.crossrail.co.uk/construction/tunnelling/ |title= 42 kilometres of new rail tunnels under London |accessdate= 18 March 2013 |publisher= Crossrail |year= 2013 |archive-date= 2013-10-19 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20131019093305/http://www.crossrail.co.uk/construction/ |dead-url= yes }}</ref> Jalur yang hampir seluruhnya baru akan berpisah dari jalur utama di {{stn|Whitechapel}} sampai Canary Wharf, melintas di bawah [[Sungai Thames]], menambah stasiun baru di {{rws|Woolwich}}, dan tersambung ke [[North Kent Line]] di terminus Abbey Wood.
Crossrail akan dioperasikan oleh MTR Corporation (Crossrail) Ltd sebagai pemenang konsesi [[Transport for London]],<ref name="rg20140718">{{cite news|url = http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/urban/single-view/view/mtr-selected-to-operate-crossrail-services.html|title = MTR selected to operate Crossrail services|date = 18 July 2014|publisher = [[Railway Gazette International]]}}</ref>.

Kereta [[British Rail Class 345|Class 345]] sembilan gerbong akan beroperasi dua arah di seksi tengah dengan frekuensi 24 kereta per jam. Pengoperasian ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi beban jalur-jalur [[London Underground]] timur-barat yang sudah ada seperti [[Central line (London Underground)|Central]] dan [[District Line]], serta [[perpanjangan Jubilee Line]] dan cabang [[Piccadilly Line]] di Heathrow. Kapasitas tambahan sangat diperlukan di koridor ini sampai-sampai mantan kepala TfL, Sir [[Peter Hendy]], memperkirakan bahwa jalur-jalur Crossrail akan "penuh seketika" setelah dibuka.<ref>"Bagehot: London is Working." ''The Economist'' (London). 1 August 2015: 52. Print</ref> Crossrail akan dioperasikan oleh [[TfL Rail|MTR Corporation (Crossrail) Ltd]] sebagai konsesi [[London Rail]] ke [[Transport for London]],<ref name=rg20140718 /> sama seperti [[London Overground]].
{{TOC limit|limit=3}}

== Lihat pula ==
* [[British Rail Class 341 and 342]], rangkaian kereta yang diusulkan untuk skema Crossrail sebelumnya yang tidak jadi dibangun
* [[Center City Commuter Connection]] – proyek serupa di [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania; dibuka tahun 1984
* [[East Side Access]]
* [[Heathrow Airtrack]]
* [[North–South Rail Link]] – proyek serupa di [[Boston]], Massachusetts; belum dimulai
* [[Terowongan Oslo]] – proyek serupa di [[Oslo]], Norway; dibuka tahun 1980
* [[Terowongan Picc-Vic]] – proyek serupa di [[Manchester]]; tidak pernah dibangun
* [[Rencana elektrifikasi rel di Britania Raya]]
* [[Transportasi rel di Britania Raya]]
* [[Great Eastern Main Line#Proposed developments|Shenfield Metro]], akan diambil alih Crossrail
* [[Thameslink Programme]], pemutakhiran jalur utara-selatan yang sudah ada melintasi London Pusat
* [[Réseau Express Régional]] – jaringan kereta lintas kota serupa di [[Paris]]


== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
Baris 43: Baris 71:


=== Sumber ===
=== Sumber ===
*{{cite web |ref=RUS2011|url=https://cdn.prgloo.com/media/download/d16a1941ea3a40c2bac279049051e1cf |publisher=Network Rail |title=London & South East RUS (final) |page=9 |date=28 July 2011|accessdate=28 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128171405/https://cdn.prgloo.com/media/download/d16a1941ea3a40c2bac279049051e1cf|archivedate=28 November 2017|deadurl=no}}
* <span class="citation journal">[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/18/contents "Crossrail Act 2008"]. ''www.opsi.gov.uk'' (Her Majesty’s Stationery Office).</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wiki-indonesia.club%3ACrossrail&rft.atitle=Crossrail+Act+2008&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F2008%2F18%2Fcontents&rft.jtitle=www.opsi.gov.uk&rft.pub=Her+Majesty%E2%80%99s+Stationery+Office&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal">&nbsp;</span>
* {{Cite journal |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/18/contents |title=Crossrail Act 2008 |work=National Archives |publisher=Her Majesty’s Stationery Office}}
** <span class="citation web">[http://web.archive.org/web/20090213205419/http://billdocuments.crossrail.co.uk/ "Crossrail Bill supporting documents"]. </span><span class="citation web">Archived from [http://billdocuments.crossrail.co.uk the original] on 13 February 2009.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wiki-indonesia.club%3ACrossrail&rft.btitle=Crossrail+Bill+supporting+documents&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbilldocuments.crossrail.co.uk&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span>
** {{cite web |url=http://billdocuments.crossrail.co.uk |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213205419/http://billdocuments.crossrail.co.uk/ |archivedate=13 February 2009 |title=Crossrail Bill supporting documents}}
; Laporan terbaru
* {{cite news |publisher=BBC News |date=20 June 2004 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/3910091.stm |title=Government backs £10bn Crossrail}}
* <span class="citation news">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/3910091.stm "Government backs £10bn Crossrail"]. </span><span class="citation news">BBC News Online. 20 June 2004.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wiki-indonesia.club%3ACrossrail&rft.btitle=Government+backs+%C2%A310bn+Crossrail&rft.date=20+June+2004&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2Flondon%2F3910091.stm&rft.pub=BBC+News+Online&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span>
* {{cite news |publisher=BBC News |date=20 June 2004 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/3911005.stm |title=Will Crossrail beat the Tube? |first=Tom |last=Geoghegan}}
* <span class="citation news">Geoghegan, Tom (20 June 2004). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/3911005.stm "Will Crossrail beat the Tube?"]. </span><span class="citation news">BBC News Online.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wiki-indonesia.club%3ACrossrail&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Geoghegan%2C+Tom&rft.aulast=Geoghegan&rft.btitle=Will+Crossrail+beat+the+Tube%3F&rft.date=20+June+2004&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2F3911005.stm&rft.pub=BBC+News+Online&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span>
* {{cite news |publisher=BBC News |date=13 February 2005 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4261701.stm |title=Crossrail link 'to get go-ahead'}}
* <span class="citation news">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4261701.stm "Crossrail link 'to get go-ahead'"]. </span><span class="citation news">BBC News Online. 13 February 2005.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wiki-indonesia.club%3ACrossrail&rft.btitle=Crossrail+link+%27to+get+go-ahead%27&rft.date=13+February+2005&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F4261701.stm&rft.pub=BBC+News+Online&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span>
* {{cite news |publisher=BBC News |date=22 February 2005 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4289139.stm |title=First Crossrail bill for Commons}}
* <span class="citation news">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4289139.stm "First Crossrail bill for Commons"]. </span><span class="citation news">BBC News Online. 22 February 2005.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wiki-indonesia.club%3ACrossrail&rft.btitle=First+Crossrail+bill+for+Commons&rft.date=22+February+2005&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2Flondon%2F4289139.stm&rft.pub=BBC+News+Online&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span>
* {{cite news |publisher=BBC News |date=7 April 2005 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/england/4421997.stm |title=Election holds up Crossrail bill}}
* <span class="citation news">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/england/4421997.stm "Election holds up Crossrail bill"]. </span><span class="citation news">BBC News Online. 7 April 2005.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wiki-indonesia.club%3ACrossrail&rft.btitle=Election+holds+up+Crossrail+bill&rft.date=7+April+2005&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2Fvote_2005%2Fengland%2F4421997.stm&rft.pub=BBC+News+Online&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span>
* {{cite news |publisher=BBC News |date=17 May 2005 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/beds/bucks/herts/4036327.stm |title=Crossrail plan in Queen's Speech}}
* <span class="citation news">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/beds/bucks/herts/4036327.stm "Crossrail plan in Queen's Speech"]. </span><span class="citation news">BBC News Online. 17 May 2005.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wiki-indonesia.club%3ACrossrail&rft.btitle=Crossrail+plan+in+Queen%27s+Speech&rft.date=17+May+2005&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2Fbeds%2Fbucks%2Fherts%2F4036327.stm&rft.pub=BBC+News+Online&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span>
* {{cite news |publisher=BBC News|date=2 January 2012 |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16289051 |title=Crossrail's giant tunnelling machines unveiled}}
* <span class="citation news">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16289051 "Crossrail's giant tunnelling machines unveiled"]. </span><span class="citation news">BBC News Online. 2 January 2012.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wiki-indonesia.club%3ACrossrail&rft.btitle=Crossrail%27s+giant+tunnelling+machines+unveiled&rft.date=2+January+2012&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-16289051&rft.pub=BBC+News+Online&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span>
* {{cite news |title=Crossrail: A rare look deep under London |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-21196455 |format=video |publisher=BBC News |date=25 January 2013 |accessdate=26 January 2013}}
* <span class="citation news">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-21196455 "Crossrail: A rare look deep under London"] (video). BBC News Online. 25 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="citation news"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2013</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wiki-indonesia.club%3ACrossrail&rft.btitle=Crossrail%3A+A+rare+look+deep+under+London&rft.date=25+January+2013&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-london-21196455&rft.pub=BBC+News+Online&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span>


== Pranala luar ==
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|Crossrail London}}
{{Commons and category|Crossrail London|Crossrail London}}
* [http://www.crossrail.co.uk/ Crossrail] – official homepage
* [http://www.crossrail.co.uk/ Crossrail] – Situs resmi

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Abellio Greater Anglia]]'''<br /><small>[[Great Eastern Main Line|Shenfield Metro]]<br /></small>}}
{{s-ttl|rows=3=3|title=Operator MTR Crossrail
|years=2015–2023 }}
{{s-inc|rows=3}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Great Western Railway (operator kereta)|Great Western Railway]]'''<br /><small>{{stnlnk|Maidenhead}} dan {{stnlnk|Reading}}<br /></small>}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Heathrow Connect]]'''}}
{{s-end}}

{{Crossrail}}
{{Transportasi di London}}
{{Proyek infrastruktur kereta saat ini di Britania Raya}}
{{Operator kereta di Britania Raya}}
{{Proyek pembangunan besar di London}}
{{Angkutan cepat di Britania Raya}}

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[[Category:Crossrail| ]]
[[Kategori:Crossrail| ]]
[[Kategori:London Rail]]
[[Category:Infrastruktur kereta di London]]
[[Kategori:Rencana jalur kereta api di London|Crossrail 1]]
[[Category:London Rail]]
[[Kategori:Infrastruktur rel di London]]
[[Kategori:Operator kereta api di London]]
[[Kategori:Kereta komuter bawah tanah]]

Revisi terkini sejak 16 Februari 2021 11.39

Crossrail
Terowongan Crossrail sedang dibangun
Ikhtisar
Nama lainElizabeth Line (sejak Desember 2018)
Jenis
SistemNational Rail
StatusSedang dibangun
LokasiLondon Raya; Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Essex
TerminusBarat: Bandar Udara Heathrow London / (Rawas)
Timur: (Rawas) / (Rawas)
Stasiun40 (rencana)
Operasi
Dibuka
Pemilik
OperatorMTR Corporation (Crossrail) Ltd[3]
Depo
RangkaianClass 345
9 gerbong per rangkaian kereta[4]
Data teknis
Panjang lintassekitar. 118 km (73 mi)
Jenis rel2
Lebar sepur4 ft 8+12 in (1.435 mm) sepur standar
Elektrifikasi25 kV 50 Hz AC (kabel gantung)
Kecepatan operasi140 km/h (90 mph)
Peta rute

All stations will have step-free access from street to train
(Rawas) National Rail
(Rawas) National Rail
(Rawas) National Rail
North sign pointing rightward
(Rawas)
(Rawas)
(Rawas) National Rail
(Rawas)
Airport interchange National Rail London Underground
Heathrow
Terminal 5
(Rawas)
Airport interchange National Rail London Underground
Heathrow
Terminal 4
Airport interchange National Rail London Underground
Heathrow
Terminals 2 & 3
(Rawas)
(Rawas) National Rail
(Rawas)
(Rawas)
(Rawas) National Rail
Ealing Broadway National Rail London Underground
(Rawas)
Old Oak Common
depot
(Rawas)
(planned)
National Rail London Overground
(Rawas)
(proposed)
westbound turn-back
Royal Oak portal
Paddington enlarge… National Rail London Underground
Bond Street London Underground
Tottenham Court Road London Underground
Farringdon National Rail London Underground
National Rail London Underground London Overground Liverpool Street
Liverpool Street (Main Line)
(peak only services)
London Underground London Overground Whitechapel
London Underground Docklands Light Railway (Rawas)
Pudding Mill Lane portal
Victoria Dock portal
Stratford National Rail London Underground London Overground Docklands Light Railway
Docklands Light Railway Custom House
(Rawas)
Connaught tunnel
under Royal Docks
(Rawas)
(Rawas)
(Rawas)
(Rawas)
National Rail (Rawas)
(Rawas)
Safeguarded extension
to (Rawas)
(Rawas)
(Rawas)
Romford Control Centre
and depot
(Rawas) National Rail London Overground
(Rawas)
(Rawas)
(Rawas)
(Rawas) National Rail

Crossrail adalah jalur kereta api sepanjang 118-kilometer (73-mil) yang sedang dibangun di Inggris dan membentang melintasi London dan county inti Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, dan Essex. Seksi tengah dan sebagian besar jalur antara Paddington di London Pusat dan (Rawas) di tenggara dijadwalkan buka pada Desember 2018 dengan nama Elizabeth Line sebagai penghormatan untuk Ratu Elizabeth II.[5]

Sebagian seksi timur antara Liverpool Street dan (Rawas) di Essex diserahkan ke operator pendahulunya, TfL Rail, pada tahun 2015; seksi ini akan terhubung ke rute utama melintasi London Pusat ke Paddington pada Mei 2009. Seksi barat dari Paddington ke Bandar Udara Heathrow dan (Rawas) di Berkshire dijadwalkan buka pada Desember 2019. Rute timur-barat baru yang melintasi London akan rampung dan menjadi rute kereta komuter padat penumpang terbaru.

Proyek ini disetujui tahun 2007. Pembangunan seksi tengah dan sambungan ke jalur jadi yang akan menjadi bagian dari Crossrail dimulai tahun 2009.[6] Ini adalah proyek pembangunan infrastruktur terbesar di Eropa.[7][8][9] Fitur utamanya adalah terowongan ganda baru sepanjang 21 km (13 mi) di bawah pusat kota London.

Jaringan terowongan ini membentang dari Paddington sampai Stratford dan (Rawas) di timur.[10] Jalur yang hampir seluruhnya baru akan berpisah dari jalur utama di Whitechapel sampai Canary Wharf, melintas di bawah Sungai Thames, menambah stasiun baru di (Rawas), dan tersambung ke North Kent Line di terminus Abbey Wood.

Kereta Class 345 sembilan gerbong akan beroperasi dua arah di seksi tengah dengan frekuensi 24 kereta per jam. Pengoperasian ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi beban jalur-jalur London Underground timur-barat yang sudah ada seperti Central dan District Line, serta perpanjangan Jubilee Line dan cabang Piccadilly Line di Heathrow. Kapasitas tambahan sangat diperlukan di koridor ini sampai-sampai mantan kepala TfL, Sir Peter Hendy, memperkirakan bahwa jalur-jalur Crossrail akan "penuh seketika" setelah dibuka.[11] Crossrail akan dioperasikan oleh MTR Corporation (Crossrail) Ltd sebagai konsesi London Rail ke Transport for London,[3] sama seperti London Overground.

Lihat pula

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Referensi

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  1. ^ "TfL Rail: What we do". Transport for London. 
  2. ^ "TfL launches competition to find operator to run Crossrail services" (Siaran pers). Transport for London. 12 March 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 September 2013. 
  3. ^ a b Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama rg20140718
  4. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama rgi20140206
  5. ^ Jobson, Robert (23 February 2016). "Crossrail named the Elizabeth line: Royal title unveiled as the Queen visits Bond Street station". London Evening Standard. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2016. 
  6. ^ Thomas, Nathalie (26 August 2013). "Going underground on Crossrail: A 40-year project is taking shape". The Telegraph. 
  7. ^ "Crossrail's giant tunnelling machines unveiled". BBC News. 2 January 2012. 
  8. ^ "Digging deep: Europe's biggest infrastructure project". Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty. 4 July 2013. Diakses tanggal 19 October 2013. 
  9. ^ "Europe's Largest Construction Project". Crossrail Ltd. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-10-19. Diakses tanggal 19 October 2013. 
  10. ^ "42 kilometres of new rail tunnels under London". Crossrail. 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-10-19. Diakses tanggal 18 March 2013. 
  11. ^ "Bagehot: London is Working." The Economist (London). 1 August 2015: 52. Print

Pranala luar

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Didahului oleh:
Abellio Greater Anglia
Shenfield Metro
Operator MTR Crossrail
2015–2023
Petahana
Didahului oleh:
Great Western Railway
Maidenhead dan Reading
Didahului oleh:
Heathrow Connect