Kerait: Perbedaan antara revisi
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|year_leader3 = Abad ke-12 |
|year_leader3 = Abad ke-12 |
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|leader4 = Tooril Khan (terakhir) |
|leader4 = Tooril Khan (terakhir) |
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|year_leader4 = |
|year_leader4 = –1203 |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
{{Reflist|2}} |
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* Boyle, John Andrew, "The Summer and Winter Camping Grounds of the Kereit," ''Central Asiatic Journal'' 17 (1973), 108-110. |
* Boyle, John Andrew, "The Summer and Winter Camping Grounds of the Kereit," ''Central Asiatic Journal'' 17 (1973), 108-110. |
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* [[Douglas Morton Dunlop]], [http://forum.freekalmykia.org/index.php?app=core&module=attach§ion=attach&attach_id=94 The Karaits of East Asia"], '' Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'', University of London, 1944, |
* [[Douglas Morton Dunlop]], [http://forum.freekalmykia.org/index.php?app=core&module=attach§ion=attach&attach_id=94 The Karaits of East Asia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703045154/http://forum.freekalmykia.org/index.php?app=core&module=attach§ion=attach&attach_id=94 |date=2015-07-03 }}, '' Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'', University of London, 1944, 276–289. |
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* Hunter, Erica C. D., "The Conversion of the Kerait to Christianity in A.D. 1007," ''Zentralasiatische Studien'' 22 (1989/1991), |
* Hunter, Erica C. D., "The Conversion of the Kerait to Christianity in A.D. 1007," ''Zentralasiatische Studien'' 22 (1989/1991), 142–163. |
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* {{ru-icon}} Khoyt, S.K., [https://www.academia.edu/5253542/ Кереиты в этногенезе народов Евразии: историография проблемы] ("Keraites in the ethnogenesis of the peoples of Eurasia: historiography of the problem"), Elista: Kalmyk State University Press (2008). |
* {{ru-icon}} Khoyt, S.K., [https://www.academia.edu/5253542/ Кереиты в этногенезе народов Евразии: историография проблемы] ("Keraites in the ethnogenesis of the peoples of Eurasia: historiography of the problem"), Elista: Kalmyk State University Press (2008). |
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* {{ru-icon}} Kudaiberdy-Uly, Sh. (Кудайберды-Улы, Шакарим), [http://www.history.kz/Articles/kerey.php КЕРЕИ] "Родословная тюрков, киргизов, казахов и ханских династий" (trans. Бахыт Каирбеков), Alma-Ata, 1990. |
* {{ru-icon}} Kudaiberdy-Uly, Sh. (Кудайберды-Улы, Шакарим), [http://www.history.kz/Articles/kerey.php КЕРЕИ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829235055/http://www.history.kz/Articles/kerey.php |date=2015-08-29 }} "Родословная тюрков, киргизов, казахов и ханских династий" (trans. Бахыт Каирбеков), Alma-Ata, 1990. |
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* Németh, Julius, "Kereit, Kérey, Giray" ''Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher'' 36 (1965), |
* Németh, Julius, "Kereit, Kérey, Giray" ''Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher'' 36 (1965), 360–365. |
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* Togan, İsenbike, "Flexibility and Limitation in Steppe Formations: the Kerait Khanate and Chinggis Khan" in: ''The Ottoman Empire and its Heritage'', Vol. 15, Leiden: Brill (1998). |
* Togan, İsenbike, "Flexibility and Limitation in Steppe Formations: the Kerait Khanate and Chinggis Khan" in: ''The Ottoman Empire and its Heritage'', Vol. 15, Leiden: Brill (1998). |
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* {{ru-icon}} Tynyshbaev, M. (Тынышбаев, Мухамеджан), [http://www.history.kz/Articles/kerey.php КЕРЕИ] "Материалы по истории казахского народа", Tashkent, 1925. |
* {{ru-icon}} Tynyshbaev, M. (Тынышбаев, Мухамеджан), [http://www.history.kz/Articles/kerey.php КЕРЕИ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829235055/http://www.history.kz/Articles/kerey.php |date=2015-08-29 }} "Материалы по истории казахского народа", Tashkent, 1925. |
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* {{cite web|last=Borbone|first=Pier Giorgio |url=http://pisa.academia.edu/PierGiorgioBorbone/Papers/537579/Some_Aspects_of_Turco-Mongol_Christianity_in_the_Light_of_Literary_and_Epigraphic_Syriac_Sources |title=Some Aspects of Turco-Mongol Christianity in the Light of Literary and Epigraphic Syriac Sources (Pier Giorgio Borbone) - Academia.edu |publisher=Pisa.academia.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-09-20}} |
* {{cite web|last=Borbone|first=Pier Giorgio |url=http://pisa.academia.edu/PierGiorgioBorbone/Papers/537579/Some_Aspects_of_Turco-Mongol_Christianity_in_the_Light_of_Literary_and_Epigraphic_Syriac_Sources |title=Some Aspects of Turco-Mongol Christianity in the Light of Literary and Epigraphic Syriac Sources (Pier Giorgio Borbone) - Academia.edu |publisher=Pisa.academia.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-09-20}} |
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Revisi per 28 Maret 2021 15.10
Keraites Хэрэйд (Khereid) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abad ke-11–Abad ke-13 | |||||||||||
 | |||||||||||
| Status | Subjects to: Liao, Kara Khitan, Genghisids | ||||||||||
| Agama | Gereja Timur | ||||||||||
| Pemerintahan | Kekhanan | ||||||||||
| Khan | |||||||||||
• Abad ke-11 | Markus Buyruk Khan | ||||||||||
• Abad ke-12 | Saryk Khan | ||||||||||
• Abad ke-12 | Kurchakus Buyruk Khan | ||||||||||
• –1203 | Tooril Khan (terakhir) | ||||||||||
| Era Sejarah | Middle Ages | ||||||||||
• Didirikan | Abad ke-11 | ||||||||||
• ditaklukan Kekaisaran Mongol. | Abad ke-13 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Sekarang bagian dari | Belum terkonfirmasi: Argyn, Kirei | ||||||||||
Kerait (juga Kereit, Khereid ; bahasa Mongol: Хэрэйд) adalah salah satu dari lima konfederasi suku Turco-Mongol dominan (kekhanan) di kawasan Altai-Sayan pada abad ke-12. Mereka beralih ke Gereja Timur (Nestorianisme) pada awal abad ke-11 dan diyakini menjadi salah satu sumber legenda Prester Yohanes Eropa.
Wilayah asli mereka berukuran luas, yang meliputi sebagian besar wilayah yang sekarang menjadi Mongolia. Vasily Bartold (1913) terletak di sepanjang hulu sungai Onon dan Kherlen dan sepanjang sungai Tuul.[1] Mereka dikalahkan oleh Genghis Khan pada 1203 dan mendapatkan pengaruh dalam kebangkitan Kekaisaran Mongol, dan secara bertahap berbaur dalam kekhanan-kekhanan Turco-Mongol pada abad ke-13.
Refenensi
- ^ V.V. Bartold in the article on Genghis Khan in the 1st edition of the Encyclopedia of Islam (1913); see Dunlop (1944:277)
- Boyle, John Andrew, "The Summer and Winter Camping Grounds of the Kereit," Central Asiatic Journal 17 (1973), 108-110.
- Douglas Morton Dunlop, The Karaits of East Asia" Diarsipkan 2015-07-03 di Wayback Machine., Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1944, 276–289.
- Hunter, Erica C. D., "The Conversion of the Kerait to Christianity in A.D. 1007," Zentralasiatische Studien 22 (1989/1991), 142–163.
- Templat:Ru-icon Khoyt, S.K., Кереиты в этногенезе народов Евразии: историография проблемы ("Keraites in the ethnogenesis of the peoples of Eurasia: historiography of the problem"), Elista: Kalmyk State University Press (2008).
- Templat:Ru-icon Kudaiberdy-Uly, Sh. (Кудайберды-Улы, Шакарим), КЕРЕИ Diarsipkan 2015-08-29 di Wayback Machine. "Родословная тюрков, киргизов, казахов и ханских династий" (trans. Бахыт Каирбеков), Alma-Ata, 1990.
- Németh, Julius, "Kereit, Kérey, Giray" Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher 36 (1965), 360–365.
- Togan, İsenbike, "Flexibility and Limitation in Steppe Formations: the Kerait Khanate and Chinggis Khan" in: The Ottoman Empire and its Heritage, Vol. 15, Leiden: Brill (1998).
- Templat:Ru-icon Tynyshbaev, M. (Тынышбаев, Мухамеджан), КЕРЕИ Diarsipkan 2015-08-29 di Wayback Machine. "Материалы по истории казахского народа", Tashkent, 1925.
- Borbone, Pier Giorgio. "Some Aspects of Turco-Mongol Christianity in the Light of Literary and Epigraphic Syriac Sources (Pier Giorgio Borbone) - Academia.edu". Pisa.academia.edu. Diakses tanggal 2012-09-20.