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{{Infobox officeholder
[[Image:Meles_Zenawi.jpg|thumb|Perdana Menteri Ethiopia Meles Zenawi]]
|birth_name=Legesse Zenawi Asres
'''Legesse ("Meles") Zenawi''' (lahir [[8 Mei]] [[1955]]) adalah Perdana Menteri [[Ethiopia]] saat ini. <!-- A native of [[Adowa]] in [[Tigray]] province, he was appointed to the office of Prime Minister on [[August 22]], [[1995]], after his governing party swept parliamentary elections that were [[boycott]]ed by the opposition. He had previously been transitional president of Ethiopia, from [[May 28]], [[1991]] until [[August 22]] [[1995]]. Meles Zenawi is married to [[Azeb Mesfin]], who is now a member of parliament and chair of it's powerful Social Affairs Committee. She also controls Mega Enterprises, a multi-million dollar conglomerate that came into being shortly after Meles Zenawi assumed power from the fallen [[Derg]] regime in 1991.
|name = Meles Zenawi<br>{{small|መለስ ዜናዊ}}
|image = Meles Zenawi.jpg|300px
|office = [[Daftar Perdana Menteri Ethiopia|Perdana Menteri Ethiopia]]
|president = [[Negasso Gidada]]<br>[[Girma Wolde-Giorgis]]
|term_start = 23 Agustus 1995
|term_end = 20 Agustus 2012
|predecessor = [[Tamirat Layne]]
|successor = [[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|office1 = [[Daftar Presiden Ethiopia|Presiden Ethiopia]]
|primeminister1 = [[Tesfaye Dinka]]<br>[[Tamirat Layne]]
|term_start1 = 28 Mei 1991
|term_end1 = 22 Agustus 1995
|predecessor1 = [[Tesfaye Gebre Kidan]] {{small|(Penjabat)}}
|successor1 = [[Negasso Gidada]]
|birth_date = {{birth date|1955|5|8|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Adwa]], [[Kekaisaran Ethiopia|Ethiopia]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|2012|8|20|1955|5|8|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Brussels]], [[Belgia]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ethiopian PM Meles Zenawi dies after illness |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19328356 |publisher=BBC News |date=21 Agustus 2012 |accessdate=21 Agustus 2012}}</ref>
|party = [[Front Demokrasi Revolusioner Rakyat Ethiopia]]
|otherparty = [[Front Pembebasan Rakyat Tigray]]
|spouse = [[Azeb Mesfin]]
|alma_mater = [[Open University]]<br>[[Universitas Erasmus Rotterdam]]
|religion = [[Gereja Tewahedo Ortodoks Ethiopia|Ortodoks Ethiopia]]
}}


'''Meles Zenawi Asres''' ([[Aksara Ge'ez|Ge'ez]]: መለስ ዜናዊ አስረስ Mäläs Zenawi Äsräs), ({{lahirmati|[[Adwa]] |8|5|1955|[[Brussel]]|20|8|2012}}), nama lahirnya '''Legesse Zenawi Asres'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2012/aug/21/meles-zenawi-dropout-prime-minister |title=How Meles Zenawi went from medical school dropout to Prime Minister |publisher=Guardian |date= |accessdate=22 August 2012}}</ref> adalah [[Perdana Menteri Ethiopia]] dari tahun 1995 sampai kematiannya pada tahun 2012.<ref name="tadesse1">{{cite web|last=TADESSE|first=KIRUBEL|title=Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi Dead at 57|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/ethiopian-prime-minister-meles-zenawi-dead-57-17046465#.UDMeR6mPUl8|publisher=ABC News|accessdate=21 August 2012}}</ref> Dia adalah [[Presiden Ethiopia]] dari 1991 sampai 1995 dan menjadi [[Perdana Menteri Ethiopia]] pada 1995 setelah pemilihan umum tahun itu. Sementara pemerintahnya dikreditkan dengan reformasi seperti yang memimpin sistem politik multipartai di Ethiopia, pengenalan pers swasta di Ethiopia dan penurunan angka kematian anak, pemerintahnya juga dituduh melakukan penindasan politik dan berbagai pelanggaran hak asasi manusia, serta anti-perbedaan pendapat.<ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/jun/28/ethiopia-convicts-journalists-opposition-rebellion Blow to press freedom as Ethiopia convicts 24 of plotting rebellion</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=David Smith in Johannesburg |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/aug/21/ethiopia-meles-zenawi-dies-illneses?newsfeed=true |title=Ethiopia's Meles Zenawi dies of undisclosed illness |publisher=Guardian |date=|accessdate=21 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ethiopian leader Meles Zenawi dies|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/08/201282144342545378.html|accessdate=21 August 2012|newspaper=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Dikenal sebagai salah satu orang kuat Afrika,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/21/us-ethiopia-meles-idUSBRE87K04K20120821 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2012-08-27 |archive-date=2013-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323152107/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/21/us-ethiopia-meles-idUSBRE87K04K20120821 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> dia juga sekutu [[Amerika Serikat]] dalam "[[Perang melawan terorisme]]".
Meles Zenawi came to power after leading the [[Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front]] (EPRDF) in a 17-year [[guerrilla warfare|guerrilla war]] against the government of [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]] that ended in May, 1991 with an EPRDF victory. Meles Zenawi led the [[Tigrean Peoples Liberation Front]] (TPLF), which was the core party that formed the EPRDF, and which had itself broken off from the old [[Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Party]] (EPRP) in the mid 1970's. The core of the TPLF was the [[Marxist Leninist League of Tigray]], a hard core Stalinist group which upheld Communist Albania as the ideal society which to emulate. On the eve of the EPRDF's march into [[Addis Ababa]] however, the EPRDF quickly shed it's Stalinist ideology and quickly adopted pro-western economic policies under the quick thinking leadership of Meles Zenawi.


== Lihat pula ==
Meles installed a political system in Ethiopia based on ethnic federalism, replacing the centralised rule that began to take form under Emperor [[Tewodros II]] in 1855, and was continued under his successors. However, the basing of his government on ethnic lines have been deemed by many to be divisive and a deterrent to democracy. Meles has introduced a constitution that grants the right of any ethnic group to secede from the country. This is stipulated in the (in)famous article 39 of the constitution. This has been a constant source of argument between the two schools of thought in Ethiopian politics. Meles claims article 39 to be the corner stone of peace and democracy labeling those who challenge this idea as extremists, anti-democratics and anti-peace elements. He claims this article to be the only way to keep the peace in this war ravaged and poverty stricken country. His opponents maintain that it is a Soviet-style Marxist novelty that endangers the unity of the ancient but ethnically diverse Ethiopian state. They point to instances of ethnocentric favoritism in appoinments to high positions in federal and local government, in business practices, and in the way development funds are spent in favor of the Prime Minister's native [[Tigray]] at the expense of the rest of Ethiopia. Meles has been accused of nepotism and corruption, with opponents pointing at rather significant fortunes having been accumilated by his relatives and particularly his increasingly powerful wife.


* [[Ortodok Ethiopia]]
Another source of contention about his politics is his land tenure system. The constitution he has implemented prevents anyone from owning land. The government owns all land and may grant its use through long term leasing. The reasoning his party gives is that poor farmers will sell their lands during hardship and will be left with no land. Again many economists reject his ideas and claim one of the sources of poverty is this land tenure system.
* [[Azeb Mesfin]]
* [[Girma Wolde-Giorgis]]
* [[Haile Selassie]]
* [[Yohannes III]]


== Referensi ==
Meles Zenawi has also resisted returning property nationalized by the [[Derg]] regime in 1974. Real estate, service and manufacturing businesses, and many other personal possessions seized by the communists remain in government hands, and the government refuses to return them to their original owners. The Prime Minister's supporters are said to be adamant that they will not re-invigorate the old pre-Mengistu upper and middle classes, as they identify them as "feudal" monarchist opponents of the current regime.


{{reflist}}
On [[July 7]], [[2005]], the board of the [[Yara International]] awarded the first African Green Revolution Yara Prize to Meles Zenawi for his contribution to improved [[food security]] and human [[nutrition]] in ways that also protect the environment. Yara is a [[Norway|Norwegian]] [[fertilizer]] producer (formerly a branch of [[Norsk Hydro]]), and Meles's government is one of their larger clients.


== Pranala luar ==
This award has caused some embarrassment within the Norwegian government, to the extent that the Norwegian prime minister [[Kjell Magne Bondevik]] refused to participate in the award ceremony. On that occasion, Kjetil Tronvoll, of the Norwegian Centre for Human Rights, stated that "There are between 10,000 and 30,000 political prisoners in the country [...] This one is one of the worst in the class [in human rights in Africa]." He also pointed out an estimate of 4,000 political opponents arrested after the last election, inadequate legal system, and [[torture]] in [[prison]]s {{ref|norway}}. [[Amnesty International]], in their 2005 report, claim that in Ethiopia there have been "Widespread arbitrary detentions, torture and excessive use of force by police and soldiers" {{ref|amnesty}}. Political opponents further claim that Meles is an [[autocracy|autocrat]] who supports ethnic policies.


* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4545711.stm Meles Zenawi issues]
Even if his opponents have such claims, his supporters generally appraise him highly for bringing a "relatively transparent" government. They maintain that he deserves much of the credit for changing the oppressive governmental institutions of the formerly [[Communist]] country, and for introducing multi-party [[democracy]]. People close to the prime minister say that he is one of the most well-read intellectuals of Africa, and among the most forward-looking leaders Ethiopia has ever had. But in a country of such diversity, it is very difficult for any leader to be accepted by all in equal degrees. Because the prime minister was the leader of a liberation front that militarily defeated the former [[Kremlin]]-supported government of Mengistu, it is to be expected that those belonging to, or benefiting from the defeated government, might carry a grudge against the prime minister.
* {{C-SPAN|meleszenawi}}
* {{IMDb name|1899155}}
* {{Worldcat id|lccn-no2004-121851}}


{{s-start}}
The run-up to the elections of May 2005 were indeed a period of "relative transparency", and even the Prime Minister's opponents began to give him credit for opening up the government press to desenting voices. The opposition was permitted to campaign as never before, and was able to make it's veiws known to the people. Representatives of the opposition and the government publicly and peacefully debated their views. While international observers generally applauded the conduct of the elections themselves, the aftermath was not what many had hoped for. Although it was apparent that the two major opposition coalitions had swept to victory in most urban areas outside of [[Tigray]] region, and had gained significant seats in rural areas as well, the government quickly declared victory, imposed a ban on all public demonstrations for 30 days, and suspended the announcemnt of results. The opposition then charged that the government went about systematically altering results in rural areas where no international monitors could observe them, and began the widespread intimidation campaign against polititians of the two leading opposition coalitions. A call for peaceful protest and the attempt at a general strike in protest to these measures resulted in a blood bath that resulted in hundreds of deaths and thousands of arrests between June and November of 2005.
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Tesfaye Gebre Kidan]]<br/>{{small|Penjabat}}}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Presiden Ethiopia]]|years=1991–1995}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Negasso Gidada]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Tamirat Layne]]<br/>{{small|Penjabat}}}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Perdana Menteri]]|years=1995–2012}}
{{s-aft|after={{nowrap|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]}}}}
|-
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Zine El Abidine Ben Ali]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ketua Uni Afrika]]|years=1995–1996}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Paul Biya]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Ketua Uni Afrika}}
{{Authority control}}


{{lifetime|1955|2012||}}
In November, 2005 following the widespread civil unrest throughout Ethiopia, the government of Meles Zenawi arrested the leaders of the political opposition, newspaper editors, labor union leaders and thousands of students and other protesters. The leaders were charged with "treason and genocide".

==Education==
* [[General Wingate School]] 1965 - 1972
* [[Addis Ababa University]] 1972 -1974

== References ==
*{{note|norway}}[http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/okonomi/article1103955.ece Article about the Norwegian government's embarrassment] in [[Aftenposten]] (in [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]).
*{{note|amnesty}}[http://web.amnesty.org/report2005/eth-summary-eng Chapter about Ethiopia] from Amnesty International's worldwide report for 2005 on the status of [[human right]]s.
*{{cite web | title=Yara Prize to Prime Minister Meles Zenawi | work=Yara Corporation | url=http://www.yara.com/en/about/yara_centennial/green_revolution/yara_prize_winner_inter.html | accessdate=August 24 | accessyear=2005}}
*{{cite web | title=Profile of Meles Zenawi | work=BBC | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4545711.stm | accessdate=August 28 | accessyear=2005 }}
*{{cite web | title=Letter to Prime Minister Meles Zenawi, expressing concern for freedom of press | work=Human Rights Watch | url=http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/02/13/ethiop7338.htm | accessdate=August 28 | accessyear=2005 }}
*{{cite web | title=The Dark Side of Ethiopia's 'Green Revolution' | work=Human Rights Watch | url=http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2005/09/05/ethiop11727.htm | accessdate=September 13 | accessyear=2005}}
* For a more sympathetic view see [[Joseph Stiglitz]] '''Globalization and its Discontents''' ISBN 0-713-99664-1 Chapter 2 Broken Promises - Ethiopia and the Struggle between Power Politics and Poverty.-->

{{start box}}
{{succession box|title=[[Perdana Menteri Ethiopia]]|years=[[23 Agustus]] [[1995]]-sekarang|before=[[Tamirat Layne]]|after=(Masih Menjabat)}}
{{end box}}

== Pranala luar ==
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4545711.stm Meles Zenawi issues]


[[Kategori:Perdana Menteri Etiopia]]
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[[Kategori:Presiden Etiopia]]


[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1955|Zenawi, Meles]]
[[Kategori:Perdana Menteri Ethiopia]]


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Revisi terkini sejak 1 Juli 2021 05.59

Meles Zenawi
መለስ ዜናዊ
Perdana Menteri Ethiopia
Masa jabatan
23 Agustus 1995 – 20 Agustus 2012
PresidenNegasso Gidada
Girma Wolde-Giorgis
Sebelum
Pendahulu
Tamirat Layne
Sebelum
Presiden Ethiopia
Masa jabatan
28 Mei 1991 – 22 Agustus 1995
Perdana MenteriTesfaye Dinka
Tamirat Layne
Sebelum
Pendahulu
Tesfaye Gebre Kidan (Penjabat)
Sebelum
Informasi pribadi
Lahir
Legesse Zenawi Asres

(1955-05-08)8 Mei 1955
Adwa, Ethiopia
Meninggal20 Agustus 2012(2012-08-20) (umur 57)
Brussels, Belgia[1]
Partai politikFront Demokrasi Revolusioner Rakyat Ethiopia
Afiliasi politik
lainnya		Front Pembebasan Rakyat Tigray
Suami/istriAzeb Mesfin
Alma materOpen University
Universitas Erasmus Rotterdam
IMDB: nm1899155 Find a Grave: 95702732 Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Sunting kotak info
Sunting kotak info • L • B
Bantuan penggunaan templat ini

Meles Zenawi Asres (Ge'ez: መለስ ዜናዊ አስረስ Mäläs Zenawi Äsräs), (8 Mei 1955 – 20 Agustus 2012), nama lahirnya Legesse Zenawi Asres[2] adalah Perdana Menteri Ethiopia dari tahun 1995 sampai kematiannya pada tahun 2012.[3] Dia adalah Presiden Ethiopia dari 1991 sampai 1995 dan menjadi Perdana Menteri Ethiopia pada 1995 setelah pemilihan umum tahun itu. Sementara pemerintahnya dikreditkan dengan reformasi seperti yang memimpin sistem politik multipartai di Ethiopia, pengenalan pers swasta di Ethiopia dan penurunan angka kematian anak, pemerintahnya juga dituduh melakukan penindasan politik dan berbagai pelanggaran hak asasi manusia, serta anti-perbedaan pendapat.[4][5][6] Dikenal sebagai salah satu orang kuat Afrika,[7] dia juga sekutu Amerika Serikat dalam "Perang melawan terorisme".

Lihat pula

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ "Ethiopian PM Meles Zenawi dies after illness". BBC News. 21 Agustus 2012. Diakses tanggal 21 Agustus 2012. 
  2. ^ "How Meles Zenawi went from medical school dropout to Prime Minister". Guardian. Diakses tanggal 22 August 2012. 
  3. ^ TADESSE, KIRUBEL. "Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi Dead at 57". ABC News. Diakses tanggal 21 August 2012. 
  4. ^ http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/jun/28/ethiopia-convicts-journalists-opposition-rebellion Blow to press freedom as Ethiopia convicts 24 of plotting rebellion
  5. ^ David Smith in Johannesburg. "Ethiopia's Meles Zenawi dies of undisclosed illness". Guardian. Diakses tanggal 21 August 2012. 
  6. ^ "Ethiopian leader Meles Zenawi dies". Al Jazeera. Diakses tanggal 21 August 2012. 
  7. ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-03-23. Diakses tanggal 2012-08-27. 

Pranala luar

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Jabatan politik
Didahului oleh:
Tesfaye Gebre Kidan
Penjabat 		Presiden Ethiopia
1991–1995 		Diteruskan oleh:
Negasso Gidada
Didahului oleh:
Tamirat Layne
Penjabat 		Perdana Menteri
1995–2012 		Diteruskan oleh:
Hailemariam Desalegn
Jabatan diplomatik
Didahului oleh:
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali 		Ketua Uni Afrika
1995–1996 		Diteruskan oleh:
Paul Biya


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