Okhrana: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 |
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.6 |
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* Catherine Evtuhov, Stephen Kotkin; ''The Cultural Gradient: the transmission of ideas in Europe, 1789–1991''; Rowman & Littlefield, 2003 ISBN 0-7425-2063-3 |
* Catherine Evtuhov, Stephen Kotkin; ''The Cultural Gradient: the transmission of ideas in Europe, 1789–1991''; Rowman & Littlefield, 2003 ISBN 0-7425-2063-3 |
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* Charles A. Ruud, Sergei A. Stepanov; ''Fontanka 16 — The Tsars' Secret Police''; McGill-Queen's University Press (paperback, 2002) ISBN 0-7735-2484-3 |
* Charles A. Ruud, Sergei A. Stepanov; ''Fontanka 16 — The Tsars' Secret Police''; McGill-Queen's University Press (paperback, 2002) ISBN 0-7735-2484-3 |
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* [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/okhrana-the-paris-operations-of-the-russian-imperial-police/art1.pdf Paris Okhrana 1885–1905] [[CIA]] historical review program (Approved for release 22 September 1993) |
* [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/okhrana-the-paris-operations-of-the-russian-imperial-police/art1.pdf Paris Okhrana 1885–1905] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327023524/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/okhrana-the-paris-operations-of-the-russian-imperial-police/art1.pdf |date=2009-03-27 }} [[CIA]] historical review program (Approved for release 22 September 1993) |
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== Pranala luar == |
== Pranala luar == |
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Revisi terkini sejak 27 Februari 2022 02.57
| Departemen untuk Perlindungan Keamanan dan Tatanan Masyarakat | |
| Informasi lembaga | |
|---|---|
| Dibentuk | 1881[1] |
| Dibubarkan | 1917 |
| Wilayah hukum |  Kekaisaran Rusia |
| Kantor pusat | Petrograd |
Departemen untuk Perlindungan Keamanan dan Ketertiban Masyarakat (bahasa Rusia: Отделение по Охранению Общественной Безопасности и Порядка), yang biasanya disebut "departemen pertahanan" (okhrannoye otdelenie) dan umumnya disingkat dalam sumber-sumber modern sebagai Okhrana atau Okhranka di Rusia,[2] adalah polisi rahasia dari Kekaisaran Rusia dan bagian dari departemen polisi Kementerian Urusan Dalam Negeri (MVD) pada akhir abad ke-19. Polisi rahasia ini dibantu oleh Korps Khusus Gendarmes.
Ikhtisar
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Dibentuk untuk melawan terorisme politik dan aktivitas revolusioner sayap kiri,[3] Okhrana mengoperasikan kantor-kantor di seluruh Kekaisaran Rusia dan badan-badan satelit di sejumlah negara asing. Pasukan tersebut biasanya memantau aktivitas-aktivitas revolusioner Rusia di luar negeri, termasuk Paris, dimana Pyotr Rachkovsky berpangkal (1884–1902).
Lihat pula
[sunting | sunting sumber]Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Corrin, Chris; Feihn, Terry (31 July 2015). AQA A-level History Tsarist and Communist Russia: 1855–1964. Hachette UK; Hodder Education; Dynamic Learning. hlm. 44. ISBN 9781471837807. Diakses tanggal 8 November 2015.
In 1881 a new secret police – the Okhrana – was established.
- ^ Evtuhov & Kotkin 2003, hlm. 137
- ^ Okhrana Britannica Online
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Jonathan Daly, Autocracy under Siege: Security Police and Opposition in Russia, 1866-1905 (DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, 1998). ISBN 978-0-87580-243-5
- Jonathan Daly, The Watchful State: Security Police and Opposition in Russia, 1906-1917 (DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, 2004). ISBN 978-0-87580-331-9
- Catherine Evtuhov, Stephen Kotkin; The Cultural Gradient: the transmission of ideas in Europe, 1789–1991; Rowman & Littlefield, 2003 ISBN 0-7425-2063-3
- Charles A. Ruud, Sergei A. Stepanov; Fontanka 16 — The Tsars' Secret Police; McGill-Queen's University Press (paperback, 2002) ISBN 0-7735-2484-3
- Paris Okhrana 1885–1905 Diarsipkan 2009-03-27 di Wayback Machine. CIA historical review program (Approved for release 22 September 1993)
Pranala luar
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Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Okhrana.
- Okhrana records at the Hoover Institution Archives
- Official history of the MVD of Russia: 1857–1879 1880–1904 1905–1916 (in Russian)
- Okhrana in Spartacus Educational Encyclopedia
- Okhrana: The Paris Operations of the Russian Imperial Police Diarsipkan 2012-12-20 di Wayback Machine.