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{{disambiginfo|Potret (disambiguasi)}} |
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[[Berkas:Reproduction-of-the-1805-Rembrandt-Peale-painting-of-Thomas-Jefferson-New-York-Historical-Society 1.jpg|jmpl|250px|ka|Potret [[Thomas Jefferson]] oleh [[Rembrandt Peale]], 1805. [[New-York Historical Society]].]] |
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[[Berkas:Fayum02.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|[[Potret-potret mumi Fayum|potret pemakaman]] seorang anak laki Mesir-Romawi]] |
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[[Berkas:MochePortrait.jpg|jmpl|ka|180px|Potret Keramik Moche. Koleksi [[Museum Larco]]. Lima-Peru]] |
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[[Berkas:Black and White 1 - Augusto De Luca photographer.jpg|jmpl|kiri|200px|Fotografi Potret - [[Augusto De Luca]]]] |
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'''Potret''' adalah sebuah [[lukisan]], [[foto]], [[patung]], atau representasi seni dari seseorang, yang mana wajah atau ekspresinya adalah hal yang utama. Dimaksudkan untuk menampilkan, [[personalitas]], dan juga kadang perasaan seseorang. Untuk alasan ini, fotografi potret pada umumnya bukanlah foto spontan (''snapshot''), |
'''Potret''' adalah sebuah [[lukisan]], [[foto]], [[patung]], atau representasi seni dari seseorang, yang mana wajah atau ekspresinya adalah hal yang utama. Dimaksudkan untuk menampilkan, [[personalitas]], dan juga kadang perasaan seseorang. Untuk alasan ini, fotografi potret pada umumnya bukanlah foto spontan (''snapshot''), tetapi komposisi seseorang dalam kondisi diam dan dipersiapkan. Duabuah potret sering kali menampilkan seseorang yang melihat langsung ke pelukis atau fotografer, dengan tujuan yang berkaitan antara subyek dengan yang melihat potret tersebut. |
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==Sejarah== |
== Sejarah == |
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Beberapa lukisan potret yang awal ditemukan bukanlah potret [[raja]] atau [[kaisar]], diantaranya [[Potret-potret mumi Fayum|potret pemakaman]] yang selamat karena iklim kering Mesir di distrik [[Fayum]]. Kemungkinan hanya ini lukisan-lukisan yang selamat dari dunia klasik, selain dari karya [[fresko]], dan banyaknya patung yang terselamatkan juga potret pada koin. |
Beberapa lukisan potret yang awal ditemukan bukanlah potret [[raja]] atau [[kaisar]], diantaranya [[Potret-potret mumi Fayum|potret pemakaman]] yang selamat karena iklim kering Mesir di distrik [[Fayum]]. Kemungkinan hanya ini lukisan-lukisan yang selamat dari dunia klasik, selain dari karya [[fresko]], dan banyaknya patung yang terselamatkan juga potret pada koin. |
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The art of the portrait flourished in Ancient Greek and especially [[Roman sculpture]], where sitters demanded individualized and realistic portraits, even unflattering ones. During the 4th century, the portrait began to retreat in favor of an idealized symbol of what that person looked like. (Compare the portraits of Roman Emperors [[Constantine I (emperor)|Constantine I]] and [[Theodosius I]] at their entries.) In the [[Europe]] of the [[Early Middle Ages]] representations of individuals are mostly generalized. True portraits of the outward appearance of individuals re-emerged in the late [[Middle Ages]], in [[tomb monument]]s, [[donor portrait]]s, miniatures in [[illuminated manuscript]]s and then [[panel painting]]s. |
The art of the portrait flourished in Ancient Greek and especially [[Roman sculpture]], where sitters demanded individualized and realistic portraits, even unflattering ones. During the 4th century, the portrait began to retreat in favor of an idealized symbol of what that person looked like. (Compare the portraits of Roman Emperors [[Constantine I (emperor)|Constantine I]] and [[Theodosius I]] at their entries.) In the [[Europe]] of the [[Early Middle Ages]] representations of individuals are mostly generalized. True portraits of the outward appearance of individuals re-emerged in the late [[Middle Ages]], in [[tomb monument]]s, [[donor portrait]]s, miniatures in [[illuminated manuscript]]s and then [[panel painting]]s. |
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[[Moche]] culture of Peru was one of the few ancient civilizations which produced portraits. These works accurately represent anatomical features in great detail. The individuals portrayed would have been recognizable without the need for other symbols or a written reference to their names. The individuals portrayed were members of the ruling elite, priests, warriors and even distinguished artisans.<ref>Donnan, Christopher B. ''Moche Portraits from Ancient Peru'' University of Texas Press, 2004. ISBN 0-292-71622-2.</ref> |
[[Moche]] culture of Peru was one of the few ancient civilizations which produced portraits. These works accurately represent anatomical features in great detail. The individuals portrayed would have been recognizable without the need for other symbols or a written reference to their names. The individuals portrayed were members of the ruling elite, priests, warriors and even distinguished artisans.<ref>Donnan, Christopher B. ''Moche Portraits from Ancient Peru'' University of Texas Press, 2004. ISBN 0-292-71622-2.</ref> |
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They were represented during several stages of their lives. The faces of gods were also depicted. To date, no portraits of women have been found. There is particular emphasis on the representation of the details of headdresses, hairstyles, body adornment and face painting. |
They were represented during several stages of their lives. The faces of gods were also depicted. To date, no portraits of women have been found. There is particular emphasis on the representation of the details of headdresses, hairstyles, body adornment and face painting. |
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One of the best-known portraits in the Western world is [[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s painting titled ''[[Mona Lisa]]'', which is a painting of an unidentified woman. The world's oldest known portrait was found in 2006 in the [[Vilhonneur]] grotto near [[Angoulême]] and is thought to be 27,000 years old.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cave face 'the oldest portrait on record'|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,13509-2211142,00.html|publisher=The Times|date=5 June 2006|accessdate=2008-01-04 | location=London | first=Adam | last=Sage}}</ref> |
One of the best-known portraits in the Western world is [[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s painting titled ''[[Mona Lisa]]'', which is a painting of an unidentified woman. The world's oldest known portrait was found in 2006 in the [[Vilhonneur]] grotto near [[Angoulême]] and is thought to be 27,000 years old.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cave face 'the oldest portrait on record'|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,13509-2211142,00.html|publisher=The Times|date=5 June 2006|accessdate=2008-01-04 | location=London | first=Adam | last=Sage}}</ref> |
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In '''[[literature]]''' the term ''portrait'' refers to a written description or analysis of a person or thing. A written portrait often gives deep insight, and offers an analysis that goes far beyond the superficial. For example, American author [[Patricia Cornwell]] wrote a best-selling book titled ''[[Portrait of a Killer]]'' about the personality, background, and possible motivations of [[Jack the Ripper]], as well as the media coverage of his murders, and the subsequent police investigation of his crimes. |
In '''[[literature]]''' the term ''portrait'' refers to a written description or analysis of a person or thing. A written portrait often gives deep insight, and offers an analysis that goes far beyond the superficial. For example, American author [[Patricia Cornwell]] wrote a best-selling book titled ''[[Portrait of a Killer]]'' about the personality, background, and possible motivations of [[Jack the Ripper]], as well as the media coverage of his murders, and the subsequent police investigation of his crimes. |
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==Referensi== |
== Referensi == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==Lihat juga== |
== Lihat juga == |
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* [[Karikatur]] |
* [[Karikatur]] |
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* ''[[The Portrait of a Lady]]'', a novel published in 1881 and a film in 1996 |
* ''[[The Portrait of a Lady]]'', a novel published in 1881 and a film in 1996 |
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==Pranala luar== |
== Pranala luar == |
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{{Commonscat|Portraits}} |
{{Commonscat|Portraits}} |
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* {{en}} [http://www.paintportraits.co.uk/content/?page_id=388 How to Paint a Portrait] - A guide to painting oil portraits from a photograph or sketch. |
* {{en}} [http://www.paintportraits.co.uk/content/?page_id=388 How to Paint a Portrait]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - A guide to painting oil portraits from a photograph or sketch. |
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* {{en}} [http://www.npg.si.edu/ National Portrait Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution] |
* {{en}} [http://www.npg.si.edu/ National Portrait Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution] |
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* {{en}} [http://www.npg.org.uk/ National Portrait Gallery London] |
* {{en}} [http://www.npg.org.uk/ National Portrait Gallery London] |
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* {{en}} [http://www.portret.ru/ National Portrait Gallery Moscow] |
* {{en}} [http://www.portret.ru/ National Portrait Gallery Moscow] |
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* {{en}} [http://www.npg.org.uk/live/pubcent.asp Painting The Century 101 Portrait Masterpieces] |
* {{en}} [http://www.npg.org.uk/live/pubcent.asp Painting The Century 101 Portrait Masterpieces] |
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* {{en}} [http://www.research.umbc.edu/~ivy/selfportrait/ Jeanne Ivy's Self-Portrait Page] - ''What Artists Find When They Search in the Mirror''. |
* {{en}} [http://www.research.umbc.edu/~ivy/selfportrait/ Jeanne Ivy's Self-Portrait Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020310083512/http://www.research.umbc.edu/~ivy/selfportrait/ |date=2002-03-10 }} - ''What Artists Find When They Search in the Mirror''. |
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* {{en}} [http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/nof/portraits/ Portrait Detectives] - Fun interactive introduction to the analysis of portraiture. |
* {{en}} [http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/nof/portraits/ Portrait Detectives] - Fun interactive introduction to the analysis of portraiture. |
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* {{en}} [http://www.reportret.info/ Reportret] - A gallery of reconstructions of missing portraits from world history. |
* {{en}} [http://www.reportret.info/ Reportret] - A gallery of reconstructions of missing portraits from world history. |
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* {{en}} [http://www.therp.co.uk/default.asp Royal Society of Portrait Painters] |
* {{en}} [http://www.therp.co.uk/default.asp Royal Society of Portrait Painters] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118143427/http://www.therp.co.uk/default.asp |date=2010-01-18 }} |
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[[Kategori:Genre]] |
[[Kategori:Genre]] |
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[[Kategori:Seni patung]] |
[[Kategori:Seni patung]] |
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[[ar:بورتريه]] |
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[[be:Партрэт]] |
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[[be-x-old:Партрэт]] |
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[[bg:Портрет]] |
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[[br:Poltred]] |
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[[bs:Portret]] |
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[[ca:Retrat]] |
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[[cs:Portrét]] |
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[[da:Portræt (billede)]] |
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[[de:Porträt]] |
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[[el:Προσωπογραφία]] |
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[[en:Portrait]] |
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[[eo:Portreto]] |
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[[es:Retrato]] |
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[[et:Portree]] |
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[[fa:چهرهنگاری]] |
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[[fi:Muotokuva]] |
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[[fr:Portrait]] |
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[[gan:畫像]] |
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[[gl:Retrato]] |
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[[he:דיוקן]] |
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[[hi:चित्र (पोर्ट्रेट)]] |
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[[hr:Portret]] |
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[[hu:Arckép]] |
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[[hy:Դիմապատկեր]] |
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[[io:Portreto]] |
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[[is:Andlitsmynd]] |
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[[it:Ritratto]] |
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[[ja:肖像]] |
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[[ka:პორტრეტი]] |
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[[kk:Портрет]] |
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[[ko:초상]] |
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[[lb:Portrait]] |
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[[lt:Portretas]] |
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[[lv:Portrets]] |
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[[nl:Portret]] |
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[[pl:Portret]] |
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[[pt:Retrato]] |
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[[ro:Portret]] |
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[[ru:Портрет]] |
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[[scn:Ritrattu]] |
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[[sh:Portret]] |
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[[simple:Portrait]] |
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[[sk:Portrét]] |
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[[sl:Portret]] |
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[[sq:Portreti]] |
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[[sr:Портрет]] |
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[[sv:Porträtt]] |
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[[th:ภาพเหมือน]] |
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[[tr:Portre]] |
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[[uk:Портрет]] |
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[[zh:肖像]] |
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Revisi terkini sejak 19 Oktober 2022 17.50
Potret adalah sebuah lukisan, foto, patung, atau representasi seni dari seseorang, yang mana wajah atau ekspresinya adalah hal yang utama. Dimaksudkan untuk menampilkan, personalitas, dan juga kadang perasaan seseorang. Untuk alasan ini, fotografi potret pada umumnya bukanlah foto spontan (snapshot), tetapi komposisi seseorang dalam kondisi diam dan dipersiapkan. Duabuah potret sering kali menampilkan seseorang yang melihat langsung ke pelukis atau fotografer, dengan tujuan yang berkaitan antara subyek dengan yang melihat potret tersebut.
Sejarah
[sunting | sunting sumber]Beberapa lukisan potret yang awal ditemukan bukanlah potret raja atau kaisar, diantaranya potret pemakaman yang selamat karena iklim kering Mesir di distrik Fayum. Kemungkinan hanya ini lukisan-lukisan yang selamat dari dunia klasik, selain dari karya fresko, dan banyaknya patung yang terselamatkan juga potret pada koin.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Portraits.
- (Inggris) How to Paint a Portrait[pranala nonaktif permanen] - A guide to painting oil portraits from a photograph or sketch.
- (Inggris) National Portrait Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution
- (Inggris) National Portrait Gallery London
- (Inggris) National Portrait Gallery Moscow
- (Inggris) Painting The Century 101 Portrait Masterpieces
- (Inggris) Jeanne Ivy's Self-Portrait Page Diarsipkan 2002-03-10 di Wayback Machine. - What Artists Find When They Search in the Mirror.
- (Inggris) Portrait Detectives - Fun interactive introduction to the analysis of portraiture.
- (Inggris) Reportret - A gallery of reconstructions of missing portraits from world history.
- (Inggris) Royal Society of Portrait Painters Diarsipkan 2010-01-18 di Wayback Machine.
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