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{{periksaterjemahan|en|Intel 80486}}
[[Image:80486dx2-large.jpg|300px|thumb|The exposed die of an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor.]]
[[Berkas:80486dx2-large.jpg|300px|jmpl|''Die'' prosesor mikro Intel 80486DX2 yang terekspos.]]
[[Image:80486DX2_arch.png|300px|thumb|The 486DX2 architecture.]]
[[Berkas:80486DX2 arch.svg|300px|jmpl|Arsitektur 486DX2.]]
'''Intel i486''' (sering disebut '''486''' or '''80486''') adalah suatu [[32-bit]] [[Scalar processor|scalar]] [[Intel]] [[Complex_instruction_set_computer|CISC]] [[microprocessor|microprocessors]] yang merupakan bagian dari keluarga prosesor mikroIntel [[x86]]. i486's merupakan penerus kesuksesan dari [[Intel 80386]].Prosesor mikro 486 pertama kali diperkenalkan pada tahun 1989. i486 sering disebut tanpa tambahan kata depan 80, because of a court ruling that prohibited trademarking numbers (like 80486). Intel dropped number-based naming altogether with the successor to the i486 – the [[Pentium]] processor.
'''Intel i486''' (sering disebut '''486''' atau '''80486''') adalah serangkaian [[prosesor mikro]] [[Complex instruction set computer|CISC]] [[prosesor skalar|skalar]] [[32-bit]] [[Intel]] yang merupakan bagian dari keluarga prosesor [[x86]] Intel. i486 merupakan penerus prosesor [[Intel 80386]]. Prosesor mikro 486 pertama kali diperkenalkan pada tahun 1989. i486 sering disebut tanpa tambahan awalan 80, karena peraturan pengadilan melarang angka-angka dijadikan mereka dagang (seperti 80486). Penamaan prosesor yang berdasarkan nomor kemudian benar-benar dihapus bersamaan dengan dipasarkannya penerus i486, yaitu prosesor [[Pentium]].


From a software point of view, the [[instruction set]] of the i486 family is very similar to its predecessor, the [[Intel 80386]], with the addition of only a few extra instructions.
Dari sisi penilaian perangkat lunak, [[instruction set]] dari keluarga i486 sangatlah mirip dengan pendahulunya, [[Intel 80386]] dengan beberapa sedikit ''instructions'' tambahan.


From a hardware point of view, however, the architecture of the i486 is a vast improvement. It has an on-chip unified instruction and data [[CPU cache|cache]], an optional on-chip [[floating-point unit]] (FPU) (DX models only), and an enhanced [[computer bus|bus]] interface unit. In addition, under optimal conditions, the processor core can sustain an execution rate of one instruction per clock cycle. These improvements yield a rough doubling in performance over an Intel 80386 at the same [[clock rate]]. However, some low-end i486 models were actually slower than the highest-speed 386s, especially so with the 'SX' i486s.
Dari sisi penilaian perangkat keras, arsitektur dari i486 merupakan kemajuan besar. Prosesor ini memiliki instruksi dan data [[CPU cache|cache]] yang tergabung dalam suatu chip, suatu ''[[floating-point unit]]'' (FPU) tambahan pada chip (khusus model DX), dan ''[[bus interface unit]]'' yang ditingkatkan kemampuannya. Sebagai tambahan, pada kondisi optimal, inti prosesor dapat menjaga kecepatan eksekusi dari satu instruksi per ''clock cycle''. Perbaikan ini secara kasar melipatgandakan kinerja dari Intel 80386 dalam ''clock rate'' yang sama. Meskipun demikian, beberapa model i486 ternyata lebih lambat daripada prosesor 386 tercepat, khususnya 'SX' i486.


'''Differences between the 80386 and 80486 include:'''
'''Perbedaan antara 80386 dan 80486'''
*Data/Instruction [[Cache]] - An 8192-byte (8 kB) SRAM built into the processor core, designed to store the most commonly used instructions. The 386 supported an off-chip cache, but this was much slower.
* Data/Instruction [[Cache]] -pada 8192-byte (8 kB) SRAM tertanam pada inti processor,dibuat untuk menyimpan penggunaan instruksi biasa.386 mendukung ''off-chip cache'',tetapi ini sangatlah lambat.
*[[Instruction pipeline|Pipelining]] - This allows the processor to handle a LocateFetchExecute each clock cycle. The pipeline is offset meaning the execute step required information from the previous two clock cycles. A locate would be to feed the next fetch, the fetch would be to feed the next execute. The 386 needs to do each step separately.
* [[Instruction pipeline|Pipelining]] - ini mengizinkan processor untuk melakukan LocateFetchExecute setiap putaran waktu (''clock cycle''). Pipeline merupakan penganti informasi pelaksanaan alur instruksi yang dibutuhkan dari dua putaran waktu sebelumnya.tempatnya haruslah diberikan pada fetch berikutnya,fetch haruslah diberikan pada pelaksanaan berikutnya.386 perlu melakukan instruksi secara terpisah.
* Peningkatan performance [[MMU]]
*Improvements to [[MMU]] performance
*Integrated [[floating point unit|FPU]]- (DX models only) Added accelerated high end math functions.
* Terintegrasi [[floating point unit|FPU]]- (hanya model DX saja) penambahan fungsi matematika.


The 486 has a 32-bit [[data bus]] and a 32-bit [[address bus]]. This requires either four matched 30-pin [[SIMM]]s or one 72-pin SIMM. The 32-bit address bus limits it 4 GB of RAM.
486 mempunyai 32-bit [[data bus]] dan sebuah 32-bit [[address bus]].ini diperlukan bagi 30-pin [[SIMM]]s atau 72-pin SIMM. Pengalamatan bus 32-bit terbatas sampai 4 GB dari RAM.


The Intel project manager for the 80486 was [[Patrick Gelsinger]].
Pimpinan project untuk 80486 adalah [[Patrick Gelsinger]].


In May 2006 Intel announced that production of the 80486 would cease at the end of September 2007. [http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2006/05/18/intel_cans_386_486_960_cpus/] Although the chip had long been obsolete for [[personal computer]] applications, Intel had continued production for use in [[embedded systems]].
pada Mei 2006 Intel mengumumkan bahwa produksi dari 80486 akan berhenti di ahir bulan September 2007.[http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2006/05/18/intel_cans_386_486_960_cpus/]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813073335/http://www.reghardware.com/2006/05/18/intel_cans_386_486_960_cpus/ |date=2011-08-13 }} walaupun chip ini telah lama menjadi sangat penting untuk perangkat [[personal computer|PC]], Intel akan melanjutkan produksi untuk digunakan dalam [[embedded systems]].


==Models==
== Referensi ==
:''Artikel ini awalnya ditulis berdasarkan bahan-bahan dari ''Free On-line Dictionary of Computing'', yang berlisensikan GFDL.''
[[Image:Intel 80486DX-33.jpg|thumb|An Intel 80486DX-33 microprocessor]]
There are several suffixes and variants including:
*[[Intel 80486SX]] - a i486DX with its FPU disabled, although the earlier variants were simply normal i486s with defective FPUs. In later versions, the FPU was removed from the [[Integrated circuit|die]] to reduce its area and thus reduce cost.
*Intel 80486DX - same as above, with a working [[floating point unit|FPU]].
*[[Intel 80486DX2]] - the internal processor clock runs at twice the [[clock rate]] of the external bus clock.
*Intel 80486SX2 - same as the i486DX2, but with the FPU disabled.
*[[Intel 80486SL]] - i486SX with power conservation circuitry. Mainly for use in portable computers.
*Intel 80486SL-NM - i486SX with power conservation circuitry; SL enhanced suffix, denotes a i486 with special power conservation circuitry similar to that in the i486SL processors.
*[[Intel 80487]] - i486DX with a slightly different pinout for use in i486SX systems as a FPU.
*[[Intel 80486 OverDrive]] - i486SX, i486SX2, i486DX2 or i486DX4. Marked as upgrade processors, some models had different pinouts or voltage handling abilities from 'standard' chips of the same speed stepping.
*[[Intel 80486DX4]] - designed to run at triple clock rate (not quadruple as often believed; the DX3, which was meant to run at 2.5x the clock speed, was never released).


== Pranala luar ==
Internal clock rates included 16, 20, 25, 33, 40, 50, 66, 75 and 100 MHz, although the 100 MHz versions could be somewhat unstable. The 486DX2 66 MHz was the most widespread high-end 486 chip, while more powerful iterations such as the OverDrive and DX4 were less used in favour of the succeeding [[Pentium]]. The only 486 that ran a 50 MHz bus, the 486DX 50 MHz chip, had compatibility problems with boards and components because of this high bus speed requirement. 486DX 50 MHz was a rather unpopular chip and was quickly replaced by the clock-doubled [[Intel 80486DX2|486 DX2]] chips which ran the bus at half of the CPU clock speed.
* {{en}} http://users.erols.com/chare/486.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622190236/http://users.erols.com/chare/486.htm |date=2007-06-22 }}

⚫
* {{en}} [http://www.cpu-collection.de/?l0=co&l1=Intel&l2=i486%20DX Intel 80486 images and descriptions at cpu-collection.de]
==Competitive alternatives==
⚫
* {{en}} [http://www.cpu-info.com/index2.php?mainid=html/cpu/486.php CPU-INFO: 80486, indepth processor history] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927022831/http://www.cpu-info.com/index2.php?mainid=html%2Fcpu%2F486.php |date=2007-09-27 }}
486 compatible processors have been produced by other companies such as [[International Business Machines|IBM]], [[Texas Instruments]], [[AMD]], [[Cyrix]], and [[Chips and Technologies]]. Some are almost exact duplicates in specifications and performance, some are not. The 486 was, however, covered by many of Intel's 386 patents as well as some of its own. Intel and IBM have broad cross-licenses of these patents, and AMD was granted rights to the relevant patents in the 1995 settlement of a lawsuit between the companies.[http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/DownloadableAssets/AMD_-_Intel_Litigation_History.pdf]

==Platform==
With regards to the 486 system platform, early 486 machines were equipped with only [[16-bit]] and [[8-bit]] [[industry standard architecture|ISA]] slots. Later [[motherboard]]s combined ISA with the high-speed [[VESA Local Bus]] (VLB), primarily for video cards and hard drive controllers. The final 486 boards came equipped with [[Peripheral Component Interconnect|PCI]] and ISA, and sometimes VLB as well (though in this configuration VLB suffered performance-wise). Bus speed was determined by multipliers for ISA, but PCI and VLB bus clocks were often equal to the clock of the 486 bus (some boards had multipliers for these as well).

Later 486 boards also supported [[Plug-and-play]], the [[Microsoft]] technology that began as a part of [[Windows 95]] designed to make component installation easier for consumers.

==See also==
*[[List of Intel microprocessors]]
*[[Motorola 68040]], although not compatible, often considered the [[Motorola]] equivalent to the Intel 80486 in terms of performance.

==References==
{{FOLDOC}}

== External links ==
* http://users.erols.com/chare/486.htm
⚫
* [http://www.cpu-collection.de/?l0=co&l1=Intel&l2=i486%20DX Intel 80486 images and descriptions at cpu-collection.de]
⚫
* [http://www.cpu-info.com/index2.php?mainid=html/cpu/486.php CPU-INFO: 80486, indepth processor history]


{{Intel_processors}}
{{Intel_processors}}


[[Kategori:Mikroprosesor]]
[[Category:Intel|80846]]
[[Category:x86 microprocessors|Intel 486]]
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Revisi terkini sejak 12 November 2022 06.39

Die prosesor mikro Intel 80486DX2 yang terekspos.
Arsitektur 486DX2.

Intel i486 (sering disebut 486 atau 80486) adalah serangkaian prosesor mikro CISC skalar 32-bit Intel yang merupakan bagian dari keluarga prosesor x86 Intel. i486 merupakan penerus prosesor Intel 80386. Prosesor mikro 486 pertama kali diperkenalkan pada tahun 1989. i486 sering disebut tanpa tambahan awalan 80, karena peraturan pengadilan melarang angka-angka dijadikan mereka dagang (seperti 80486). Penamaan prosesor yang berdasarkan nomor kemudian benar-benar dihapus bersamaan dengan dipasarkannya penerus i486, yaitu prosesor Pentium.

Dari sisi penilaian perangkat lunak, instruction set dari keluarga i486 sangatlah mirip dengan pendahulunya, Intel 80386 dengan beberapa sedikit instructions tambahan.

Dari sisi penilaian perangkat keras, arsitektur dari i486 merupakan kemajuan besar. Prosesor ini memiliki instruksi dan data cache yang tergabung dalam suatu chip, suatu floating-point unit (FPU) tambahan pada chip (khusus model DX), dan bus interface unit yang ditingkatkan kemampuannya. Sebagai tambahan, pada kondisi optimal, inti prosesor dapat menjaga kecepatan eksekusi dari satu instruksi per clock cycle. Perbaikan ini secara kasar melipatgandakan kinerja dari Intel 80386 dalam clock rate yang sama. Meskipun demikian, beberapa model i486 ternyata lebih lambat daripada prosesor 386 tercepat, khususnya 'SX' i486.

Perbedaan antara 80386 dan 80486

  • Data/Instruction Cache -pada 8192-byte (8 kB) SRAM tertanam pada inti processor,dibuat untuk menyimpan penggunaan instruksi biasa.386 mendukung off-chip cache,tetapi ini sangatlah lambat.
  • Pipelining - ini mengizinkan processor untuk melakukan LocateFetchExecute setiap putaran waktu (clock cycle). Pipeline merupakan penganti informasi pelaksanaan alur instruksi yang dibutuhkan dari dua putaran waktu sebelumnya.tempatnya haruslah diberikan pada fetch berikutnya,fetch haruslah diberikan pada pelaksanaan berikutnya.386 perlu melakukan instruksi secara terpisah.
  • Peningkatan performance MMU
  • Terintegrasi FPU- (hanya model DX saja) penambahan fungsi matematika.

486 mempunyai 32-bit data bus dan sebuah 32-bit address bus.ini diperlukan bagi 30-pin SIMMs atau 72-pin SIMM. Pengalamatan bus 32-bit terbatas sampai 4 GB dari RAM.

Pimpinan project untuk 80486 adalah Patrick Gelsinger.

pada Mei 2006 Intel mengumumkan bahwa produksi dari 80486 akan berhenti di ahir bulan September 2007.[1]Diarsipkan 2011-08-13 di Wayback Machine. walaupun chip ini telah lama menjadi sangat penting untuk perangkat PC, Intel akan melanjutkan produksi untuk digunakan dalam embedded systems.

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Artikel ini awalnya ditulis berdasarkan bahan-bahan dari Free On-line Dictionary of Computing, yang berlisensikan GFDL.

Pranala luar

[sunting | sunting sumber]
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