Denis Sassou-Nguesso: Perbedaan antara revisi
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|name = Denis Sassou-Nguesso |
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|image = Denis Sassou Nguesso 2014.jpg |
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|office = [[Presiden Republik Kongo]] |
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| style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | |
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|primeminister = [[Isidore Mvouba]] |
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{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="background:#efefef;" |
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|term_start = 25 Oktober 1997 |
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| align="center" width="280px" | [[Berkas:Denis Sassou Nguesso, G8.jpg|200px|Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] |
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|term_end = |
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|predecessor = [[Pascal Lissouba]] |
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|successor = |
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| '''Periode Jabatan''' |
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|primeminister2 = [[Louis Sylvain Goma]]<br>[[Ange Édouard Poungui]]<br>[[Alphonse Poaty-Souchlaty]]<br>[[Pierre Moussa]]<br>[[Louis Sylvain Goma]]<br>[[André Milongo]] |
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| [[18 Maret]] [[1977]]–[[3 April]] [[1977]] (Bagian Komite Militer untuk ''Congolese Labour Party''); <br> [[8 Februari]] [[1979]]–[[3 Agustus]] [[1992]] (periode ke-1); <br> [[25 Oktober]] [[1997]]– |
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|term_start2 = 8 Februari 1979 |
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|- |
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|term_end2 = 31 Agustus 1992 |
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| '''Didahului''' |
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|predecessor2 = [[Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya]] <small>(Penjabat)</small> |
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|successor2 = [[Pascal Lissouba]] |
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|- |
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|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1943|11|23}} |
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| '''Digantikan''' |
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|birth_place = [[Edou]], [[Persekutuan Afrika Prancis Khatulistiwa]]<br><small>(kini [[Republik Kongo|Kongo-Brazzaville]])</small> |
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| [[Joachim Yhombi-Opango]]<br> (Bagian Komite Militer untuk CLP); <br> [[Pascal Lissouba]] (periode ke-1) |
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|death_date = |
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|- |
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|death_place = |
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| '''Kelahiran''' |
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|party = [[Partai Buruh Kongo]] |
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| 1943 |
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|spouse = Antoinette Sassou Nguesso |
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|- |
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|religion = [[Katolik Roma]] |
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| '''Tempat Kelahiran''' |
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}} |
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| [[Edou]], Distrik [[Oyo]] |
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'''Denis Sassou-Nguesso''' ({{lahirmati||23|11|1943}}) adalah seorang politikus [[Republik Kongo|Kongo]] yang telah menjadi [[Presiden Republik Kongo]] sejak tahun 1997, ia sebelumnya juga pernah menjadi Presiden dari tahun 1979 hingga 1992. Selama periode pertamanya sebagai Presiden, ia memimpin rezim partai tunggal, [[Partai Buruh Kongo]] (PCT) selama 12 tahun. Di bawah tekanan berat, ia memperkenalkan sistem multipartai pada tahun 1990 dan kemudian kekuasaan eksekutifnya dilucuti oleh Konferensi Nasional 1991, yang tersisa Presiden hanyalah [[kepala negara]] seremonial belaka. Dia mencalonkan diri dalam pemilihan presiden 1992 namun kalah, hanya menempati urutan ketiga. |
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'''Denis Sassou-Nguesso''' (lahir 1943) adalah seorang [[jenderal]] dan [[presiden]] [[Republik Kongo]] dari 1979 hingga 1992 dan 1997 hingga sekarang. |
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Sassou-Nguesso adalah pemimpin oposisi selama lima tahun sebelum ia kembali berkuasa pada akhir [[Perang saudara Republik Kongo|perang saudara Juni-Oktober 1997]], di mana pasukan pemberontak menggulingkan Presiden [[Pascal Lissouba]]. Setelah masa transisi, ia memenangkan pemilihan presiden 2002, yang tidak memiliki partisipasi oposisi yang berarti, ia kembali terpilih dalam keadaan yang kontroversial pada pemilihan presiden 2009. |
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Ia berasal dari suku [[Mbochi]], lahir di Edou, [[distrik Oyo]], bagian utara negara itu. Dia juga anggota partai ''Parti Congolais du Travail'' ([[PCT]]), sebuah partai [[sayap-kiri]]. Pada tahun [[1960-an]], dia pernah menerima latihan militer di [[Aljazair]] dan [[Perancis]] sebelum negaranya merdeka. Pada [[1986]]-[[1987]], ia menjabat sebagai ketua [[Organisasi Persatuan Afrika]]. |
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Sassou Nguesso didukung oleh berbagai partai politik, yang paling penting di antaranya adalah PCT. Dia adalah Presiden dari Komite Sentral PCT. |
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<!-- He was marked for prominence and received military training in [[Algeria]] and at Saint Maixent, [[France]] before returning to join the elite paratroop regiment. |
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Pada bulan Oktober 2021, Denis Sassou N'Guesso dikutip dalam skandal "Pandora Papers". Menurut konsorsium jurnalis internasional, pada tahun 1998, tepat setelah kembalinya kekuasaan Denis Sassou N'Guesso, perusahaan Inter African Investment dilaporkan terdaftar di British Virgin Islands, surga pajak Karibia. Denis Sassou N'Guesso menyangkal en bloc itu adalah dokumen. |
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He had socialist leanings and supported the opposition to [[Fulbert Youlou]] in ''Les Trois Glorieuses'' of August 1963. Despite this he was part of the military coup of 1968 that brought [[Marien Ngouabi]] to power and was an early member of the PCT (''[[Parti Congolais du Travail]]'') when it was founded in December 1969. |
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== Dugaan korupsi == |
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In 1970 Sassou-Nguesso was made Director of Security and a minister in the new presidential council. When Ngouabi was assassinated Nguesso played a key role in maintaining control, briefly heading the Military Committee of the Party (CMP, ''Comité Militaire du Parti'') that controlled the state before the succession of Colonel [[Joachim Yhombi-Opango]]. Sassou-Nguesso was rewarded with a promotion to colonel and the post of vice-president of the CMP. He remained there until [[February 5]], [[1979]] when Yhomby-Opango was forced from power in a technical coup accused of corruption and political deviancy. On [[February 8]] the CMP chose Nguesso as the new president and at the Third Extraordinary Congress of the PCT his position was rubber-stamped. |
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Pada Juni 2007, Sassou-Nguesso, bersama dengan [[Presiden Gabon|Presiden]] [[Gabon]], [[Omar Bongo]], sedang diselidiki oleh polisi Prancis karena klaim bahwa ia telah menggelapkan dana publik untuk memperoleh properti mewah di Prancis. Dia telah disebut dalam beberapa tahun terakhir selama penyelidikan kriminal pungutan liar ratusan juta euro oleh [[Elf Aquitaine]], bekas perusahaan minyak milik negara Prancis.<ref>http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article1963997.ece</ref> |
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Pada bulan Juli 2007, LSM Inggris, [[Global Witness]] menerbitkan dokumen yang menunjukkan bahwa putra presiden, [[Denis Christel Sassou Nguesso]], mungkin telah menghabiskan uang ratusan ribu dolar yang mungkin berasal dari penjualan minyak negara itu untuk berbelanja di Paris dan Dubai.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191738/http://www.globalwitness.org/media_library_detail.php/556/en/congo_is_presidents_son_paying_for_designer_shoppi "Congo: Is President’s son paying for designer shopping sprees with country’s oil money?"], Global Witness, 26 Juni 2007.</ref> Dokumen-dokumen itu menunjukkan bahwa pada bulan Agustus 2006 saja, Denis Christel, menghabiskan $ 35.000 untuk pembelian dari desainer seperti Louis Vuitton dan Roberto Cavalli.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.globalwitness.org/media_library_get.php/439/en/denis_christel_sassou_nguesso_credit_card_bill.pdf |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-09-02 |archive-date=2010-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191741/http://www.globalwitness.org/media_library_get.php/439/en/denis_christel_sassou_nguesso_credit_card_bill.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref> Upaya yang dilakukan oleh Schillings Solicitors untuk menekan informasi ini gagal dilaksanakan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/inpractice/lawreports/view=details.law?GAZETTEINPRACTICEID=357873 |title=Law reports |publisher=The Law Gazette |date= |accessdate=2012-12-27 |archive-date=2007-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911051711/http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/inpractice/lawreports/view=details.law?GAZETTEINPRACTICEID=357873 |dead-url=unfit }}</ref> |
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Sassou-Nguesso surprised many observers who saw only a military strongman by revealing a strong commitment to [[Marxism]] as well as a streak of practical politics. He negotiated [[IMF]] loans and allowed foreign investors from France and the Americas to operate in the vital [[Petroleum|oil]] and [[mineral]] extraction operations. He also travelled to Moscow in 1981 to sign a twenty-year friendship pact with [[Leonid Brezhnev]]. |
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== Referensi == |
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He was re-elected as president at the 1984 Congress of the PCT for a further five years and he was not slow to moderate the Marxist policies of the government as the situation demanded. He was president of the [[OAU]] from 1986-1987. In late 1987 he faced down a serious military revolt in the north of the country with French aid. |
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{{reflist}} |
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== Pranala luar == |
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Following the 1989 Congress, Sassou-Nguesso saw the collapse of the [[communist]] states of Eastern Europe and, under pressure from the French, began to prepare the process of bringing the country to [[democracy]], in December 1989 he announced the end of government control of the economy and declared a partial [[amnesty]] for political prisoners. Into the following year he attempted to improve the failing economic situation and reduce the outrageous levels of corruption. From August 1990 political parties other than the PCT were allowed and Sassou-Nguesso undertook a symbolic state visit to the USA, laying the grounds for a new series of conditional IMF loans later that year. In February 1991 the process towards democracy was decided and in June Sassou-Nguesso stepped slightly aside and [[Andre Milongo]] was appointed interim president of the CSR until the scheduled elections of 1992. The country was returned to the name Republic of the Congo in March 1991. |
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{{commons category|Denis Sassou Nguesso}} |
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* {{Official website|www.sassou.net}} |
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In the elections of June-July 1992 the PCT won only 19 of 125 seats on the National Assembly, UPADS (''Union panafricaine pour la démocratie sociale'') was the largest party with the MCDDI (''Mouvement Congolais pour la démocratie et le développement intégral'') another strong force. In the presidential elections of August the contest was between [[Pascal Lissouba]] (UPADS) and [[Bernard Kolelas]] (MCDDI), Lissouba won in the second round with 61% of the vote, Sassou-Nguesso was eliminated in the first round after polling only 17%. |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya]]<br><small>Penjabat</small>}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Daftar Presiden Republik Kongo|Presiden Kongo-Brazzaville]]|years=1979–1992}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Pascal Lissouba]]}} |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Pascal Lissouba]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Daftar Presiden Republik Kongo|Presiden Kongo-Brazzaville]]|years=1997–sekarang}} |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Abdou Diouf]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Ketua Uni Afrika]]|years=1986–1987}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Kenneth Kaunda]]}} |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Ketua Uni Afrika]]|years=2006–2007}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[John Kufuor]]}} |
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{{s-end}} |
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{{Presiden Republik Kongo}} |
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Lissouba began his rule dogged with accusations of voting irregularities and he had to act with increasing repression to maintain his power. From November 1993 to the end of that year clashes between supporters of Kolelas and Lissouba left almost 1500 people dead. In 1994 Sassou-Nguesso prudently left the country for Paris, not returning until 1997 in order to contend the presidential elections scheduled for July. |
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{{Ketua Uni Afrika}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Kategori:Presiden Republik Kongo|Sassou-Nguesso, Denis]] |
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On [[June 5]], 1997 Lissouba ordered the army to surround Sassou-Nguesso's residence in [[Brazzaville]], the militia of Sassou-Nguesso resisted the army and a more widespread conflict began. Sassou-Nguesso gained support from [[Angola]] and in [[October 11]]-14 his forces took Brazzaville and Lissouba fled. Sassou-Nguesso was declared president on [[October 25]]. |
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[[Kategori:Pemimpin Perang Dingin]] |
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Sassou-Nguesso was prepared to allow a return to democracy and began a three-year transition process in 1998 but renewed fighting with opposition groups led to the collapse of the endeavour. With the government forces in ascendency and following peace agreements in 1999 elections were re-scheduled for 2002, although not all rebel groups signed the accords. On March 10 Sassou-Nguesso won with almost 90% of the vote, his two main rivals Lissouba and Kolelas were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, [[Andre Milongo]], advised his supporters to [[boycott]] the elections and then withdrew from the race. A new [[constitution]] was agreed in January 2002 which granted the president new powers and also extended his term to seven years as well as introducing a new [[bicameral]] assembly. |
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Although his nation is not wealthy, Sassou-Nguesso lives richly, spending almost US$300,000 on hotel bills for himself and his staff in New York for the September 2005 UN summit. [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-2036138,00.html] |
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Having already served as the [[Chairman of the African Union|Chairman]] of the [[Organisation of African Unity]] in 1986 to 1987, he was elected [[Chairman of the African Union|Chairman]] of the [[African Union]], the OAU's successor body, in January 2006.--> |
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{{succession box|title=[[Presiden Republik Kongo]]|before=[[Jacques Yhombi-Opango]]|after=[[Pascal Lissouba]]|years=[[1979]]–[[1992]]}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[Presiden Republik Kongo]]|before=[[Pascal Lissouba]]|after=''Masih Menjabat''|years=[[1997]]–}} |
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{{kotak suksesi|jabatan=[[Ketua Uni Afrika]]|pendahulu=[[Abdou Diouf]]|tahun=1986-1987|pengganti=[[Kenneth Kaunda]]}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[Ketua Uni Afrika]]|years=[[2006]]-sekarang|after=masih menjabat|before=[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]|}} |
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[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1943|Sassou-Nguesso, Denis]] |
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[[Kategori:Presiden Republik Kongo|Sassou-Nguesso, Denis]] |
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Revisi terkini sejak 28 November 2022 17.27
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Denis Sassou-Nguesso (lahir 23 November 1943) adalah seorang politikus Kongo yang telah menjadi Presiden Republik Kongo sejak tahun 1997, ia sebelumnya juga pernah menjadi Presiden dari tahun 1979 hingga 1992. Selama periode pertamanya sebagai Presiden, ia memimpin rezim partai tunggal, Partai Buruh Kongo (PCT) selama 12 tahun. Di bawah tekanan berat, ia memperkenalkan sistem multipartai pada tahun 1990 dan kemudian kekuasaan eksekutifnya dilucuti oleh Konferensi Nasional 1991, yang tersisa Presiden hanyalah kepala negara seremonial belaka. Dia mencalonkan diri dalam pemilihan presiden 1992 namun kalah, hanya menempati urutan ketiga.
Sassou-Nguesso adalah pemimpin oposisi selama lima tahun sebelum ia kembali berkuasa pada akhir perang saudara Juni-Oktober 1997, di mana pasukan pemberontak menggulingkan Presiden Pascal Lissouba. Setelah masa transisi, ia memenangkan pemilihan presiden 2002, yang tidak memiliki partisipasi oposisi yang berarti, ia kembali terpilih dalam keadaan yang kontroversial pada pemilihan presiden 2009.
Sassou Nguesso didukung oleh berbagai partai politik, yang paling penting di antaranya adalah PCT. Dia adalah Presiden dari Komite Sentral PCT.
Pada bulan Oktober 2021, Denis Sassou N'Guesso dikutip dalam skandal "Pandora Papers". Menurut konsorsium jurnalis internasional, pada tahun 1998, tepat setelah kembalinya kekuasaan Denis Sassou N'Guesso, perusahaan Inter African Investment dilaporkan terdaftar di British Virgin Islands, surga pajak Karibia. Denis Sassou N'Guesso menyangkal en bloc itu adalah dokumen.
Dugaan korupsi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Pada Juni 2007, Sassou-Nguesso, bersama dengan Presiden Gabon, Omar Bongo, sedang diselidiki oleh polisi Prancis karena klaim bahwa ia telah menggelapkan dana publik untuk memperoleh properti mewah di Prancis. Dia telah disebut dalam beberapa tahun terakhir selama penyelidikan kriminal pungutan liar ratusan juta euro oleh Elf Aquitaine, bekas perusahaan minyak milik negara Prancis.[1]
Pada bulan Juli 2007, LSM Inggris, Global Witness menerbitkan dokumen yang menunjukkan bahwa putra presiden, Denis Christel Sassou Nguesso, mungkin telah menghabiskan uang ratusan ribu dolar yang mungkin berasal dari penjualan minyak negara itu untuk berbelanja di Paris dan Dubai.[2] Dokumen-dokumen itu menunjukkan bahwa pada bulan Agustus 2006 saja, Denis Christel, menghabiskan $ 35.000 untuk pembelian dari desainer seperti Louis Vuitton dan Roberto Cavalli.[3] Upaya yang dilakukan oleh Schillings Solicitors untuk menekan informasi ini gagal dilaksanakan.[4]
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article1963997.ece
- ^ "Congo: Is President’s son paying for designer shopping sprees with country’s oil money?", Global Witness, 26 Juni 2007.
- ^ "Salinan arsip" (PDF). Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2010-09-02. Diakses tanggal 2010-09-02.
- ^ "Law reports". The Law Gazette. Archived from the original on 2007-09-11. Diakses tanggal 2012-12-27.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Denis Sassou Nguesso.
| Jabatan politik | ||
|---|---|---|
| Didahului oleh: Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya Penjabat |
Presiden Kongo-Brazzaville 1979–1992 |
Diteruskan oleh: Pascal Lissouba |
| Didahului oleh: Pascal Lissouba |
Presiden Kongo-Brazzaville 1997–sekarang |
Petahana |
| Jabatan diplomatik | ||
| Didahului oleh: Abdou Diouf |
Ketua Uni Afrika 1986–1987 |
Diteruskan oleh: Kenneth Kaunda |
| Didahului oleh: Olusegun Obasanjo |
Ketua Uni Afrika 2006–2007 |
Diteruskan oleh: John Kufuor |
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| Umum | |
|---|---|
| Perpustakaan nasional | |
| Lain-lain | |
 | Artikel bertopik politikus ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya. |