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Baris 31: Baris 31:
* [[Pliny the Elder]] ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Natural History]]'', VI 139
* [[Pliny the Elder]] ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Natural History]]'', VI 139
* [[Lucian]], ''Macrobii''.
* [[Lucian]], ''Macrobii''.
* [[Astronomical Diaries]] (now in the British Museum and in a private collection. Following cuneiform texts refer to Hyspaosinesː British Museum nos 33461, 3386, 55070, 45699, 34274, 45708, 45693, 45853, 33024). They are published in Abraham Sachs, Hermann Hunger: ''Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylon, III, Diaries from 164 BC. to 61 B.C''. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1996, {{ISBN|3-7001-2578-X}}, pp. 216-282. The tablet in the private collection is published by T. G. Pinchesː ''Babylonian and Oriental Record'', Vol. IV, London 1890, 131-141 [https://archive.org/details/babylonianorient03lond/page/130/mode/2up online].
* [[Astronomical Diaries]] (now in the British Museum and in a private collection. Following cuneiform texts refer to Hyspaosinesː British Museum nos 33461, 3386, 55070, 45699, 34274, 45708, 45693, 45853, 33024). They are published in Abraham Sachs, Hermann Hunger: ''Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylon, III, Diaries from 164 BC. to 61 B.C''. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1996, {{ISBN|3-7001-2578-X}}, pp. 216–282. The tablet in the private collection is published by T. G. Pinchesː ''Babylonian and Oriental Record'', Vol. IV, London 1890, 131-141 [https://archive.org/details/babylonianorient03lond/page/130/mode/2up online].


=== Karya modern ===
=== Karya modern ===
Baris 42: Baris 42:
* {{Cambridge History of Iran|last=Eilers|first=Wilhelm|chapter=Iran and Mesopotamia|pages=481–505|volume=3a}}
* {{Cambridge History of Iran|last=Eilers|first=Wilhelm|chapter=Iran and Mesopotamia|pages=481–505|volume=3a}}
* {{citation|last=Garthwaite|first=Gene Ralph|title=The Persians|year=2005|publisher=Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.|location=Oxford & Carlton|isbn=978-1-55786-860-2}}.
* {{citation|last=Garthwaite|first=Gene Ralph|title=The Persians|year=2005|publisher=Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.|location=Oxford & Carlton|isbn=978-1-55786-860-2}}.
* Galier, P.L.; P. Lombard, K.M. al-Sindi (2002): ''Greek Inscriptions from Bahrain'', In: ''Arabian archaeology and epigraphy'', 13, pp. 223-26 [https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00077458/document the Inscription from Bahrain (pdf)]
* Galier, P.L.; P. Lombard, K.M. al-Sindi (2002): ''Greek Inscriptions from Bahrain'', In: ''Arabian archaeology and epigraphy'', 13, pp. 223–26 [https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00077458/document the Inscription from Bahrain (pdf)]
* {{Encyclopaedia Iranica | volume=5 | fascicle=4 | title = Characene and Charax | last = Hansman | first = John | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/characene-and-charax-spasinou-in-pre-islamic-times | pages = 363–365 }}
* {{Encyclopaedia Iranica | volume=5 | fascicle=4 | title = Characene and Charax | last = Hansman | first = John | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/characene-and-charax-spasinou-in-pre-islamic-times | pages = 363–365 }}
* {{citation|last=Schuol|first=Monika |title=Die Charakene: ein mesopotamisches Königreich in hellenistisch-parthischer Zeit|year=2000|publisher=. Steiner|location=Stuttgart|isbn= 3-515-07709-X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AmdHxBnk_G0C&q=Schuol%2C+Monika+%282000%29%2C+Die+Charakene%3A+ein+mesopotamisches+K%C3%B6nigreich+in+hellenistisch-parthischer+Zeit}}.
* {{citation|last=Schuol|first=Monika |title=Die Charakene: ein mesopotamisches Königreich in hellenistisch-parthischer Zeit|year=2000|publisher=. Steiner|location=Stuttgart|isbn= 3-515-07709-X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AmdHxBnk_G0C&q=Schuol%2C+Monika+%282000%29%2C+Die+Charakene%3A+ein+mesopotamisches+K%C3%B6nigreich+in+hellenistisch-parthischer+Zeit}}.
Baris 52: Baris 52:
* {{Encyclopaedia Iranica | volume=2 | fascicle=5 | title = Arsacids ii. The Arsacid dynasty | last = Schippmann | first = K. | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arsacids-ii | pages = 525–536 }}
* {{Encyclopaedia Iranica | volume=2 | fascicle=5 | title = Arsacids ii. The Arsacid dynasty | last = Schippmann | first = K. | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arsacids-ii | pages = 525–536 }}


[[Kategori:Mesopotamia kuno]]
[[Kategori:Kelahiran 200-an SM]]
[[Kategori:Kematian 120-an SM]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah Bahrain]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah Kuwait]]
[[Kategori:Raja Karakene]]
[[Kategori:Penguasa Asia abad ke-2 SM]]
[[Kategori:Raja Babilonia]]

Revisi per 30 November 2022 00.50

Hispaosines
Koin Hispaosines sebagai Raja, dicetak di Charax Spasinu pada 126/5 SM
Raja Karakene
Berkuasaca 141–124 SM
PenerusApodakos
Raja Babel
Berkuasa127 SM
PendahuluArtabanus I
PenerusArtabanus I
Kelahiranca 209 SM
Kematian11 Juni 124 SM (usia 85)
PasanganThalassia
AyahSagdodonakus

Hispaosines (juga disebut Aspasine) adalah seorang pangeran Iran, dan pendiri Karakene, sebuah kerajaan yang terletak di selatan Mesopotamia. Ia awalnya adalah seorang satrap Seleukia yang diangkat oleh raja Antiokhus IV Epifanes (m. 175 – 164 SM), namun mendeklarasikan kemerdekaan pada 141 SM setelah kejatuhan otoritas Seleukia di Iran dan Babel ke tangan Partia. Hispaosines sempat menduduki kota Partia Babel pada 127 SM, dimana ia diangkat menjadi raja (šarru). Namun, pada 124 SM, ia terpaksa mengakui kedaulatan Partia. Ia meninggal pada tahun yang sama, dan digantikan oleh putranya yang masih remaja Apodakos.

Referensi

Daftar pustaka

Karya kuno

  • Pliny the Elder Natural History, VI 139
  • Lucian, Macrobii.
  • Astronomical Diaries (now in the British Museum and in a private collection. Following cuneiform texts refer to Hyspaosinesː British Museum nos 33461, 3386, 55070, 45699, 34274, 45708, 45693, 45853, 33024). They are published in Abraham Sachs, Hermann Hunger: Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylon, III, Diaries from 164 BC. to 61 B.C. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1996, ISBN 3-7001-2578-X, pp. 216–282. The tablet in the private collection is published by T. G. Pinchesː Babylonian and Oriental Record, Vol. IV, London 1890, 131-141 online.

Karya modern

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