Lompat ke isi

Pelemparan asam: Perbedaan antara revisi

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnya
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
HsfBot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
1.172.010 suntingan
k Bot: Perubahan kosmetika
k →Pranala luar: clean up
 
(7 revisi perantara oleh 4 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1: Baris 1:
[[Berkas:Acid attack victim.jpg|Korban serangan asam di [[Kamboja]]|jmpl|300px]]
[[Berkas:Acid attack victim.jpg|Korban serangan asam di [[Kamboja]]|jmpl|300px]]
'''Pelemparan asam''', yang juga disebut '''serangan asam''',<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8576279.stm | work=BBC News | title=Cambodian victim on her acid attack | date=2010-03-21 | accessdate=2010-04-23| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100325022243/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8576279.stm?| archivedate= 25 March 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> '''serangan vitriol''' atau '''vitriolage''', adalah sebuah bentuk dari [[serangan]] [[kekerasan]]<ref name=Karmakar>{{Cite book | author=Karmakar, R.N. | title=Forensic Medicine and Toxicology | year=2003 | publisher=Academic Publishers | isbn=81-87504-69-2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2011/11/afghan-sisters-hurt-acid-attack-rejected-proposal.html|title=World Now|publisher=|accessdate=20 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1992-03-19/news/gl-5793_1_father-and-son|title=Man Who Threw Acid at Woman Blames 2 Others|work=latimes|accessdate=20 April 2016}}</ref> yang didefinisikan sebagai tindakan melempar [[asam]] atau [[bahan korosif]] serupa terhadap tubuh orang lain "dengan tujuan menyakiti, melukai, menyiksa atau membunuh".<ref name=11a>{{cite web|title=Breaking the Silence: Addressing Acid Attacks in Cambodia|publisher=Cambodian Acid Survivors Charity|accessdate=6 March 2013 |url=http://www.cambodianacidsurvivorscharity.org/docs/breaking_the_silence.pdf|pages=1–51|date=May 2010}}</ref> Para pelaku serangan tersebut melempar asam ke korban mereka, biasanya ke wajah mereka, membakar mereka, merusak kulit, sering kali meledakkan dan terkadang mengenai tulang.<ref name=Swanson>{{Cite news | last = Swanson | first = Jordan | year = 2002 | title = Acid attacks: Bangladesh’s efforts to stop the violence. | periodical = Harvard Health Policy Review | pages = 1–4 | number = 1 | volume = 3 | url = http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/~epihc/currentissue/spring2002/swanson.php | accessdate =2008-06-18 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> Jenis paling umum dari asam yang digunakan dalam serangan tersebut adalah [[asam sulfurik]] dan [[asam nitrik]]. [[Asam hidroklorik]] terkadang digunakan, namun kurang mencederai.<ref name="13a">{{cite web|url=http://cgi.unc.edu/uploads/media_items/it-was-like-burning-in-hell-a-comparative-exploration-of-acid-attack-violence.original.pdf|title="It was like a burning hell": A Comparative Exploration of Acid Attack Violence|last=Welsh|first=Jane|date=|year=2009|website=|publisher=[[Center for Global Initiatives]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123191359/http://cgi.unc.edu:80/uploads/media_items/it-was-like-burning-in-hell-a-comparative-exploration-of-acid-attack-violence.original.pdf|archive-date=2013-01-23|dead-url=yes|accessdate=31 March 2013}}</ref> Akibat jangka panjang dari serangan tersebut meliputi [[kebutaan]] serta [[luka]] permanen pada wajah dan tubuh,<ref name=Bandyopadhyay_Khan/><ref name=CNN>{{cite news | title = CNN.com - Bangladesh combats an acid onslaught against women - November 11, 2000| url =http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/south/11/11/bangladesh.acid.ap/index.html| accessdate =2008-03-13 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070922210725/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/south/11/11/bangladesh.acid.ap/index.html |archivedate = September 22, 2007}}</ref><ref name=Bahl_Syed>{{Cite book |author1=Bahl, Taru |author2=M.H. Syed | title=Encyclopaedia of the Muslim World | year=2004 | publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD | isbn=978-81-261-1419-1 }}</ref> disertai dengan kesulitan ekonomi, psikologi, dan sosial.<ref name=11a />
'''Pelemparan asam''', yang juga disebut '''serangan asam'''<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8576279.stm | work=BBC News | title=Cambodian victim on her acid attack | date=2010-03-21 | accessdate=2010-04-23 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325022243/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8576279.stm | archivedate=2010-03-25 | deadurl=no }}</ref>, '''serangan vitriol''', '''vitriolase''', atau '''serangan air keras''', adalah sebuah bentuk dari [[serangan]] [[kekerasan]]<ref name=Karmakar>{{Cite book | author=Karmakar, R.N. | title=Forensic Medicine and Toxicology | year=2003 | publisher=Academic Publishers | isbn=81-87504-69-2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2011/11/afghan-sisters-hurt-acid-attack-rejected-proposal.html|title=World Now|publisher=|accessdate=20 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1992-03-19/news/gl-5793_1_father-and-son|title=Man Who Threw Acid at Woman Blames 2 Others|work=latimes|accessdate=20 April 2016}}</ref> yang didefinisikan sebagai tindakan melempar [[asam]] atau [[bahan korosif]] serupa terhadap tubuh orang lain "dengan tujuan menyakiti, melukai, menyiksa atau membunuh".<ref name=11a>{{cite web|title=Breaking the Silence: Addressing Acid Attacks in Cambodia|publisher=Cambodian Acid Survivors Charity|accessdate=6 March 2013|url=http://www.cambodianacidsurvivorscharity.org/docs/breaking_the_silence.pdf|pages=1–51|date=May 2010|archive-date=2013-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219010314/http://www.cambodianacidsurvivorscharity.org/docs/breaking_the_silence.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Para pelaku serangan tersebut melempar asam ke korban mereka, biasanya ke wajah mereka, membakar mereka, merusak kulit, sering kali meledakkan dan terkadang mengenai tulang.<ref name=Swanson>{{Cite news | last = Swanson | first = Jordan | year = 2002 | title = Acid attacks: Bangladesh’s efforts to stop the violence. | periodical = Harvard Health Policy Review | pages = 1–4 | number = 1 | volume = 3 | url = http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/~epihc/currentissue/spring2002/swanson.php | accessdate = 2008-06-18 | postscript = <!--None--> | archive-date = 2018-10-08 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181008181331/http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/~epihc/currentissue/spring2002/swanson.php | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Jenis paling umum dari asam yang digunakan dalam serangan tersebut adalah [[asam sulfurik]] dan [[asam nitrik]]. [[Asam hidroklorik]] terkadang digunakan, namun kurang mencederai.<ref name="13a">{{cite web|url=http://cgi.unc.edu/uploads/media_items/it-was-like-burning-in-hell-a-comparative-exploration-of-acid-attack-violence.original.pdf|title="It was like a burning hell": A Comparative Exploration of Acid Attack Violence|last=Welsh|first=Jane|date=|year=2009|website=|publisher=[[Center for Global Initiatives]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123191359/http://cgi.unc.edu/uploads/media_items/it-was-like-burning-in-hell-a-comparative-exploration-of-acid-attack-violence.original.pdf|archive-date=2013-01-23|dead-url=yes|accessdate=31 March 2013}}</ref> Akibat jangka panjang dari serangan tersebut meliputi [[kebutaan]] serta [[luka]] permanen pada wajah dan tubuh,<ref name=Bandyopadhyay_Khan/><ref name=CNN>{{cite news | title = CNN.com - Bangladesh combats an acid onslaught against women - November 11, 2000| url =http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/south/11/11/bangladesh.acid.ap/index.html| accessdate =2008-03-13 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070922210725/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/south/11/11/bangladesh.acid.ap/index.html |archivedate = September 22, 2007}}</ref><ref name=Bahl_Syed>{{Cite book |author1=Bahl, Taru |author2=M.H. Syed | title=Encyclopaedia of the Muslim World | year=2004 | publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD | isbn=978-81-261-1419-1 }}</ref> disertai dengan kesulitan ekonomi, psikologi, dan sosial.<ref name=11a />


Saat ini, serangan asam dikabarkan di beberapa bagian di dunia. Sejak 1990an, [[Bangladesh]] telah mengambarkan jumlah tertinggi dari serangan tersebut dan tingkat kejadian tertinggi untuk wanita,<ref>Taylor, L. M. (2000). Saving Face: Acid Attack Laws After the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Ga. Journal Int'l & Comp. Law, 29, pp 395-419</ref><ref name=3a/> dengan 3,512 orang Bangladesh diserang memakai asam antara 1999 dan 2013.<ref>[http://www.unwomen.org/~/media/Headquarters/Attachments/Sections/CSW/59/National_reviews/Bangladesh_annexes_Beijing20.pdf Acid Attack Trend (1999-2013)] UN Women, United Nations (2014)</ref> Meskipun serangan asam terjadi di seluruh dunia, jenis kekerasan ini paling umum di [[Asia Selatan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/01/11/acid.attack.fact/|title=Q&A: Acid attacks around the world|publisher=|accessdate=20 April 2016}}</ref>
Saat ini, serangan asam dikabarkan di beberapa bagian di dunia. Sejak 1990an, [[Bangladesh]] telah mengambarkan jumlah tertinggi dari serangan tersebut dan tingkat kejadian tertinggi untuk wanita,<ref>Taylor, L. M. (2000). Saving Face: Acid Attack Laws After the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Ga. Journal Int'l & Comp. Law, 29, pp 395-419</ref><ref name=3a/> dengan 3,512 orang Bangladesh diserang memakai asam antara 1999 dan 2013.<ref>[http://www.unwomen.org/~/media/Headquarters/Attachments/Sections/CSW/59/National_reviews/Bangladesh_annexes_Beijing20.pdf Acid Attack Trend (1999-2013)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126114550/https://www.unwomen.org/en/page-not-found |date=2020-01-26 }} UN Women, United Nations (2014)</ref> Meskipun serangan asam terjadi di seluruh dunia, jenis kekerasan ini paling umum di [[Asia Selatan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/01/11/acid.attack.fact/|title=Q&A: Acid attacks around the world|publisher=|accessdate=20 April 2016}}</ref>


== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
Baris 27: Baris 27:
| isbn = 978-1-4129-1800-8
| isbn = 978-1-4129-1800-8
| postscript = <!--None-->}}
| postscript = <!--None-->}}
* [http://www.sithi.org/temp.php?url=media_view.php&mid=1230&publication=1 Breaking the Silence: Addressing Acid Attacks in Cambodia] - The Cambodian Acid Survivors Charity
* [http://www.sithi.org/temp.php?url=media_view.php&mid=1230&publication=1 Breaking the Silence: Addressing Acid Attacks in Cambodia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104040529/http://www.sithi.org/temp.php?url=media_view.php&mid=1230&publication=1 |date=2020-11-04 }} - The Cambodian Acid Survivors Charity


== Pranala luar ==
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.asti.org.uk Acid Survivors Trust International]
* [http://www.asti.org.uk Acid Survivors Trust International]
* [http://www.w4.org/en/voices/acid-attacks-pakistan-portraits-women-survivors "Without a Face": portraits of women survivors of acid attacks in Pakistan]—by photographer Izabella Demavlys
* [http://www.w4.org/en/voices/acid-attacks-pakistan-portraits-women-survivors "Without a Face": portraits of women survivors of acid attacks in Pakistan]—by photographer Izabella Demavlys

{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Pelemparan Asam}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pelemparan Asam}}

Revisi terkini sejak 20 Desember 2022 05.27

Korban serangan asam di Kamboja

Pelemparan asam, yang juga disebut serangan asam[1], serangan vitriol, vitriolase, atau serangan air keras, adalah sebuah bentuk dari serangan kekerasan[2][3][4] yang didefinisikan sebagai tindakan melempar asam atau bahan korosif serupa terhadap tubuh orang lain "dengan tujuan menyakiti, melukai, menyiksa atau membunuh".[5] Para pelaku serangan tersebut melempar asam ke korban mereka, biasanya ke wajah mereka, membakar mereka, merusak kulit, sering kali meledakkan dan terkadang mengenai tulang.[6] Jenis paling umum dari asam yang digunakan dalam serangan tersebut adalah asam sulfurik dan asam nitrik. Asam hidroklorik terkadang digunakan, namun kurang mencederai.[7] Akibat jangka panjang dari serangan tersebut meliputi kebutaan serta luka permanen pada wajah dan tubuh,[8][9][10] disertai dengan kesulitan ekonomi, psikologi, dan sosial.[5]

Saat ini, serangan asam dikabarkan di beberapa bagian di dunia. Sejak 1990an, Bangladesh telah mengambarkan jumlah tertinggi dari serangan tersebut dan tingkat kejadian tertinggi untuk wanita,[11][12] dengan 3,512 orang Bangladesh diserang memakai asam antara 1999 dan 2013.[13] Meskipun serangan asam terjadi di seluruh dunia, jenis kekerasan ini paling umum di Asia Selatan.[14]

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ "Cambodian victim on her acid attack". BBC News. 2010-03-21. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-03-25. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-23. 
  2. ^ Karmakar, R.N. (2003). Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. Academic Publishers. ISBN 81-87504-69-2. 
  3. ^ "World Now". Diakses tanggal 20 April 2016. 
  4. ^ "Man Who Threw Acid at Woman Blames 2 Others". latimes. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2016. 
  5. ^ a b "Breaking the Silence: Addressing Acid Attacks in Cambodia" (PDF). Cambodian Acid Survivors Charity. May 2010. hlm. 1–51. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-12-19. Diakses tanggal 6 March 2013. 
  6. ^ Swanson, Jordan (2002). "Acid attacks: Bangladesh's efforts to stop the violence". Harvard Health Policy Review. 3 (1). hlm. 1–4. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-10-08. Diakses tanggal 2008-06-18. 
  7. ^ Welsh, Jane (2009). ""It was like a burning hell": A Comparative Exploration of Acid Attack Violence" (PDF). Center for Global Initiatives. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-01-23. Diakses tanggal 31 March 2013. 
  8. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Bandyopadhyay_Khan
  9. ^ "CNN.com - Bangladesh combats an acid onslaught against women - November 11, 2000". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 22, 2007. Diakses tanggal 2008-03-13. 
  10. ^ Bahl, Taru; M.H. Syed (2004). Encyclopaedia of the Muslim World. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. ISBN 978-81-261-1419-1. 
  11. ^ Taylor, L. M. (2000). Saving Face: Acid Attack Laws After the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Ga. Journal Int'l & Comp. Law, 29, pp 395-419
  12. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama 3a
  13. ^ Acid Attack Trend (1999-2013) Diarsipkan 2020-01-26 di Wayback Machine. UN Women, United Nations (2014)
  14. ^ "Q&A: Acid attacks around the world". Diakses tanggal 20 April 2016. 

Bacaan tambahan

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Pranala luar

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Pelemparan_asam&oldid=22382672"