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| disbursements = [https://www.rand.org/about/clients_grantors.html#us-government- Numerous]
| disbursements = [https://www.rand.org/about/clients_grantors.html#us-government- Numerous]
| expenses = {{increase}}[[Dolar Amerika Serikat|$]]340,4 juta<ref name=RANDfy16/>
| expenses = {{increase}}[[Dolar Amerika Serikat|$]]340,4 juta<ref name=RANDfy16/>
| endowment ={{decrease}}$226,2 juta<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2016-Endowment-Market-Values.pdf|title=U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2016 Market Value of Endowment Assets and Percentage Change* in Endowment Market Value from FY2015 to FY2016|last=|first=|date=|website=NACUBO.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=12 April 2017}}</ref>
| endowment ={{decrease}}$226,2 juta<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2016-Endowment-Market-Values.pdf|title=U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2016 Market Value of Endowment Assets and Percentage Change* in Endowment Market Value from FY2015 to FY2016|last=|first=|date=|website=NACUBO.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225044952/http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2016-Endowment-Market-Values.pdf%0A|archive-date=2018-12-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=12 April 2017}}</ref>
| staff = 1,700<ref name=RANDAnnualReport>{{cite web|title=2013 RAND Annual Report|url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP1-2013.html|website=RAND Corp|accessdate=16 January 2015}}</ref>
| staff = 1,700<ref name=RANDAnnualReport>{{cite web|title=2013 RAND Annual Report|url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP1-2013.html|website=RAND Corp|accessdate=16 January 2015}}</ref>
| staff_year = 2015
| staff_year = 2015
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'''RAND Corporation''' ("'''R'''esearch '''AN'''d '''D'''evelopment")<ref name=RANDhistory>{{cite web|title=History and Mission|url=https://www.rand.org/about/history.html|website=RAND Corp|accessdate=16 January 2015}}</ref> adalah [[wadah pemikir]] kebijakan global [[nirlaba]] Amerika Serikat<ref name="Medvetz" /> yang didirikan tahun 1948 oleh [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] untuk membantu [[Angkatan Bersenjata Amerika Serikat]] di bidang penelitian dan analisis. Lembaga ini didanai oleh [[pemerintah federal Amerika Serikat|pemerintah AS]] dan [[hibah]] swasta,<ref name=RANDAnnualReport/> corporations,<ref name=RANDfunding>{{cite web|title=How We're Funded|url=https://www.rand.org/about/clients_grantors.html#industry|website=RAND Corp|accessdate=16 January 2015}}</ref> [[universitas]],<ref name=RANDfunding/> dan perorangan.<ref name=RANDfunding/> Perusahaan ini kemudian berkembang dan membantu pemerintah negara-negara lain, organisasi internasional, perusahaan swasta, dan yayasan dan mendalami berbagai isu pertahanan dan non-pertahanan, termasuk layanan kesehatan. RAND menyoroti penyelesaian masalah interdisipliner dan kuantitatif dengan menerapkan konsep-konsep [[teori|teoretis]] seperti [[ilmu ekonomi]] formal dan [[garis besar ilmu fisik|ilmu fisik]] di bidang lain menggunakan [[ilmu terapan]] dan [[riset operasi]].
'''RAND Corporation''' ("'''R'''esearch '''AN'''d '''D'''evelopment")<ref name=RANDhistory>{{cite web|title=History and Mission|url=https://www.rand.org/about/history.html|website=RAND Corp|accessdate=16 January 2015}}</ref> adalah [[wadah pemikir]] kebijakan global [[nirlaba]] Amerika Serikat<ref name="Medvetz" /> yang didirikan tahun 1948 oleh [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] untuk membantu [[Angkatan Bersenjata Amerika Serikat]] di bidang penelitian dan analisis. Lembaga ini didanai oleh [[pemerintah federal Amerika Serikat|pemerintah AS]] dan [[hibah]] swasta,<ref name=RANDAnnualReport/> corporations,<ref name=RANDfunding>{{cite web|title=How We're Funded|url=https://www.rand.org/about/clients_grantors.html#industry|website=RAND Corp|accessdate=16 January 2015}}</ref> [[universitas]],<ref name=RANDfunding/> dan perorangan.<ref name=RANDfunding/> Perusahaan ini kemudian berkembang dan membantu pemerintah negara-negara lain, organisasi internasional, perusahaan swasta, dan yayasan dan mendalami berbagai isu pertahanan dan non-pertahanan, termasuk layanan kesehatan. RAND menyoroti penyelesaian masalah interdisipliner dan kuantitatif dengan menerapkan konsep-konsep [[teori|teoretis]] seperti [[ilmu ekonomi]] formal dan [[garis besar ilmu fisik|ilmu fisik]] di bidang lain menggunakan [[ilmu terapan]] dan [[riset operasi]].


==Lihat pula==
== Lihat pula ==
* ''[[A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Deviates]]'' (diterbitkan oleh RAND)
* ''[[A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Deviates]]'' (diterbitkan oleh RAND)


==Referensi==
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


==Bacaan lanjutan==
== Bacaan lanjutan ==


===Buku===
=== Buku ===
* [[Alex Abella]]. ''Soldiers of Reason: The RAND Corporation and the Rise of the American Empire'' (2008, [[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] hardcover; {{ISBN|0-15-101081-1}} / 2009, [[Mariner Books]] paperback reprint edition; {{ISBN|0-15-603344-5}}).
* [[Alex Abella]]. ''Soldiers of Reason: The RAND Corporation and the Rise of the American Empire'' (2008, [[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] hardcover; {{ISBN|0-15-101081-1}} / 2009, [[Mariner Books]] paperback reprint edition; {{ISBN|0-15-603344-5}}).
* [[S.M. Amadae]]. ''Rationalizing Capitalist Democracy: The Cold War Origins of Rational Choice Liberalism'' (2003, [[University Of Chicago Press]] paperback; {{ISBN|0-226-01654-4}} / hardcover; {{ISBN|0-226-01653-6}}).
* [[S.M. Amadae]]. ''Rationalizing Capitalist Democracy: The Cold War Origins of Rational Choice Liberalism'' (2003, [[University Of Chicago Press]] paperback; {{ISBN|0-226-01654-4}} / hardcover; {{ISBN|0-226-01653-6}}).
* [[Martin J. Collins]]. ''Cold War Laboratory: RAND, the Air Force, and the American State, 1945–1950'' (2002, [[Smithsonian Institution]] Scholarly Press hardcover, part of the Smithsonian History of Aviation and Spaceflight Series; {{ISBN|1-58834-086-4}})
* [[Martin J. Collins]]. ''Cold War Laboratory: RAND, the Air Force, and the American State, 1945–1950'' (2002, [[Smithsonian Institution]] Scholarly Press hardcover, part of the Smithsonian History of Aviation and Spaceflight Series; {{ISBN|1-58834-086-4}})
* [[Agatha C. Hughes]] and [[Thomas P. Hughes]] (editors). ''Systems, Experts, and Computers: The Systems Approach in Management and Engineering, World War II and After'' (2000, [[The MIT Press]] hardcover, part of the Dibner Institute Studies in the History of Science and Technology; {{ISBN|0-262-08285-3}} / 2011, paperback reprint edition; {{ISBN|0-262-51604-7}}).
* [[Agatha C. Hughes]] and [[Thomas P. Hughes]] (editors). ''Systems, Experts, and Computers: The Systems Approach in Management and Engineering, World War II and After'' (2000, [[The MIT Press]] hardcover, part of the Dibner Institute Studies in the History of Science and Technology; {{ISBN|0-262-08285-3}} / 2011, paperback reprint edition; {{ISBN|0-262-51604-7}}).
* David Jardini. ''Thinking Through the Cold War: RAND, National Security and Domestic Policy, 1945–1975'' (2013, Smashwords; Amazon Kindle; {{ISBN|9781301158515}}).
* David Jardini. ''Thinking Through the Cold War: RAND, National Security and Domestic Policy, 1945–1975'' (2013, Smashwords; Amazon Kindle; {{ISBN|9781301158515}}).
* [[Fred Kaplan (journalist)|Fred Kaplan]]. ''The Wizards of Armageddon'' (1983, [[Simon & Schuster]] hardcover, first printing; {{ISBN|0-671-42444-0}} / 1991, [[Stanford University Press]] paperback, part of the Stanford Nuclear Age Series; {{ISBN|0-8047-1884-9}}).
* [[Fred Kaplan (journalist)|Fred Kaplan]]. ''The Wizards of Armageddon'' (1983, [[Simon & Schuster]] hardcover, first printing; {{ISBN|0-671-42444-0}} / 1991, [[Stanford University Press]] paperback, part of the Stanford Nuclear Age Series; {{ISBN|0-8047-1884-9}}).
* [[Edward S. Quade]] and [[Wayne I. Boucher]] (editors), ''Systems Analysis and Policy Planning: Applications in Defense'' (1968, [[American Elsevier]] hardcover).
* [[Edward S. Quade]] and [[Wayne I. Boucher]] (editors), ''Systems Analysis and Policy Planning: Applications in Defense'' (1968, [[American Elsevier]] hardcover).
* [[Bruce L.R. Smith]]. ''The RAND Corporation: Case Study of a Nonprofit Advisory Corporation'' (1966, Harvard University Press / 1969; {{ISBN|0-674-74850-6}}).
* [[Bruce L.R. Smith]]. ''The RAND Corporation: Case Study of a Nonprofit Advisory Corporation'' (1966, Harvard University Press / 1969; {{ISBN|0-674-74850-6}}).
* [[Marc Trachtenberg]]. ''History and Strategy'' (1991, [[Princeton University Press]] paperback; {{ISBN|0-691-02343-3}} / hardcover; {{ISBN|0-691-07881-5}}).
* [[Marc Trachtenberg]]. ''History and Strategy'' (1991, [[Princeton University Press]] paperback; {{ISBN|0-691-02343-3}} / hardcover; {{ISBN|0-691-07881-5}}).
* [[Jean Loup Samaan]]. '' La Rand Corporation '' (2013, [[Cestudec Press]])
* [[Jean Loup Samaan]]. '' La Rand Corporation '' (2013, [[Cestudec Press]])


===Artikel===
=== Artikel ===
* Clifford, Peggy, ed. [http://www.smmirror.com/Volume1/issue19/rand_and_the_city.html "RAND and The City: Part One"]. ''[[Santa Monica Mirror]]'', 27 October 1999 – 2 November 1999. Five-part series includes: [http://www.smmirror.com/Volume1/issue19/rand_and_the_city.html 1]; [http://www.smmirror.com/Volume1/issue20/rand_and_the_city.html 2]; [http://www.smmirror.com/volume1/issue21/rand_and_the_city.html 3]; [http://www.smmirror.com/volume1/issue22/rand_and_the_city.html 4]; & [http://www.smmirror.com/Volume1/issue23/rand_and_the_city.html 5]. Retrieved 15 April 2008.
* Clifford, Peggy, ed. [http://www.smmirror.com/Volume1/issue19/rand_and_the_city.html "RAND and The City: Part One"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050829033455/http://smmirror.com/volume1/issue19/rand_and_the_city.html |date=2005-08-29 }}. ''[[Santa Monica Mirror]]'', 27 October 1999 – 2 November 1999. Five-part series includes: [http://www.smmirror.com/Volume1/issue19/rand_and_the_city.html 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050829033455/http://smmirror.com/volume1/issue19/rand_and_the_city.html |date=2005-08-29 }}; [http://www.smmirror.com/Volume1/issue20/rand_and_the_city.html 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050831094116/http://www.smmirror.com/Volume1/issue20/rand_and_the_city.html |date=2005-08-31 }}; [http://www.smmirror.com/volume1/issue21/rand_and_the_city.html 3] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060506223628/http://www.smmirror.com/Volume1/issue21/rand_and_the_city.html |date=2006-05-06 }}; [http://www.smmirror.com/volume1/issue22/rand_and_the_city.html 4] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050901133548/http://www.smmirror.com/Volume1/issue22/rand_and_the_city.html |date=2005-09-01 }}; & [http://www.smmirror.com/Volume1/issue23/rand_and_the_city.html 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091218075512/http://www.smmirror.com/Volume1/issue23/rand_and_the_city.html |date=2009-12-18 }}. Retrieved 15 April 2008.
* Specht, R.D. "Rand: A Personal View of Its History," ''Operations Research,'' vol. 8, no. 6 (Nov.–Dec. 1960), pp.&nbsp;825–839. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/167230 In JSTOR]
* Specht, R.D. "Rand: A Personal View of Its History," ''Operations Research,'' vol. 8, no. 6 (Nov.–Dec. 1960), pp.&nbsp;825–839. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/167230 In JSTOR]


==Pranala luar==
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|RAND Corporation}}
{{Commons category|RAND Corporation}}
* [http://www.rand.org Situs web resmi]
* [http://www.rand.org Situs web resmi]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Rand Corporation}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rand Corporation}}
[[Category:RAND Corporation| ]]
[[Kategori:RAND Corporation| ]]
[[Category:Wadah pemikir yang didirikan tahun 1948]]
[[Kategori:Wadah pemikir yang didirikan tahun 1948]]
[[Category:Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat]]
[[Category:Pusat penelitian dan pengembangan pemerintah federal]]
[[Kategori:Pusat penelitian dan pengembangan pemerintah federal]]
[[Category:Wadah pemikir politik dan ekonomi di Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Wadah pemikir politik dan ekonomi di Amerika Serikat]]
[[Category:Perusahaan yang berpusat di Santa Monica, California]]
[[Kategori:Perusahaan yang berpusat di Santa Monica, California]]
[[Category:Wadah pemikir sains dan teknologi]]
[[Kategori:Wadah pemikir sains dan teknologi]]
[[Category:Organisasi nirlaba yang berpusat di California]]
[[Kategori:Organisasi nirlaba yang berpusat di California]]
[[Category:Wadah pemikir overpopulasi manusia]]
[[Kategori:Wadah pemikir overpopulasi manusia]]
[[Category:Wadah pemikir politik dan ekonomi]]
[[Kategori:Wadah pemikir politik dan ekonomi]]
[[Category:Organisasi penelitian penduduk]]
[[Kategori:Organisasi penelitian penduduk]]
[[Category:Pendirian tahun 1948 di California]]
[[Kategori:Pendirian tahun 1948 di California]]
[[Category:Wadah pemikir kebijakan luar negeri dan strategi di Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Wadah pemikir kebijakan luar negeri dan strategi di Amerika Serikat]]
[[Category:Wadah pemikir yang berpusat di Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Wadah pemikir yang berpusat di Amerika Serikat]]

Revisi terkini sejak 29 Desember 2022 02.51

Artikel ini bukan mengenai American Research and Development Corporation, Remington Rand, atau Ingersoll Rand.
"RAND" beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Rand (disambiguasi).
RAND Corporation
PendahuluPara pejabat Douglas Aircraft Company
Tanggal pendirian14 Mei 1948; 76 tahun lalu (1948-05-14)
PendiriHenry H. "Hap" Arnold
Donald Douglas
Major General Curtis LeMay
StatusPerusahaan nirlaba
95-1958142
TipeWadah pemikir kebijakan global[1]
TujuanAnalisis kebijakan
Kantor pusatSanta Monica, California, A.S.
Koordinat34°00′35″N 118°29′26″W / 34.009599°N 118.490670°W / 34.009599; -118.490670
Wilayah
Seluruh dunia
Bonnie G. Hill, Joel Z. Hyatt, Paul G. Kaminski, Ann McLaughlin Korologos, Philip Lader, Peter Lowy, Michael Lynton, Ronald L. Olson, Mary E. Peters, David L. Porges, Donald B. Rice, Michael D. Rich, Hector Ruiz, Leonard D. Schaeffer[2]
Presiden dan CEO
Michael D. Rich[3]
Pemimpin RAND
Jennifer Gould, Andrew R. Hoehn, Winfield A. Boerckel, Allison Elder, Mike Januzik, Susan L. Marquis, Eric Peltz, Naveena Ponnusamy, Charles P. Ries, Melissa Rowe, Debra L. Schroeder[3]
Presiden, RAND Europe
Hans Pung[3]
Anak organisasiRAND Europe
Frederick S. Pardee RAND Graduate School
AfiliasiIndependen
Pendapatan (2014)
Kenaikan$351,7 juta[4]
PengeluaranNumerous
BiayaKenaikan$340,4 juta[4]
Dana abadiPenurunan$226,2 juta[5]
Jumlah Staf (2015)
1,700[6]
Situs webwww.rand.org

RAND Corporation ("Research ANd Development")[8] adalah wadah pemikir kebijakan global nirlaba Amerika Serikat[1] yang didirikan tahun 1948 oleh Douglas Aircraft Company untuk membantu Angkatan Bersenjata Amerika Serikat di bidang penelitian dan analisis. Lembaga ini didanai oleh pemerintah AS dan hibah swasta,[6] corporations,[9] universitas,[9] dan perorangan.[9] Perusahaan ini kemudian berkembang dan membantu pemerintah negara-negara lain, organisasi internasional, perusahaan swasta, dan yayasan dan mendalami berbagai isu pertahanan dan non-pertahanan, termasuk layanan kesehatan. RAND menyoroti penyelesaian masalah interdisipliner dan kuantitatif dengan menerapkan konsep-konsep teoretis seperti ilmu ekonomi formal dan ilmu fisik di bidang lain menggunakan ilmu terapan dan riset operasi.

Lihat pula

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Referensi

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  1. ^ a b Medvetz, Thomas (2012). Think Tanks in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. hlm. 26. ISBN 9780226517292. Diakses tanggal 25 April 2015. 
  2. ^ "RAND Corporation Board of Trustees". RAND Corp. Diakses tanggal 16 January 2015. 
  3. ^ a b c "RAND Leadership". RAND Corp. Diakses tanggal 3 May 2017. 
  4. ^ a b "Financial Statements, FY 2016". RAND Corp. Diakses tanggal 9 March 2017. 
  5. ^ "U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2016 Market Value of Endowment Assets and Percentage Change* in Endowment Market Value from FY2015 to FY2016". NACUBO.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2018-12-25. Diakses tanggal 12 April 2017. 
  6. ^ a b "2013 RAND Annual Report". RAND Corp. Diakses tanggal 16 January 2015. 
  7. ^ "About RAND - Vision". RAND. Diakses tanggal 16 January 2015. 
  8. ^ "History and Mission". RAND Corp. Diakses tanggal 16 January 2015. 
  9. ^ a b c "How We're Funded". RAND Corp. Diakses tanggal 16 January 2015. 

Bacaan lanjutan

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Buku

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Artikel

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Pranala luar

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