Perekam kaset video: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k Perekam video kaset dipindahkan ke Perekam kaset video |
k →Pranala luar: clean up |
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[[Berkas:N1500 v2.jpg|jmpl|Perangko AS yang memperingati perekam kaset video.]] |
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'''Perekam |
'''Perekam kaset video''' adalah suatu jenis [[perekam pita video]] yang menggunakan kaset [[pita video]] yang berisikan [[pita magnetis]] untuk merekam [[audio]] dan [[video]] dari siaran [[televisi]] sehingga dapat dimainkan kembali kelak. Banyak alat perekam ini yang mempunyai [[tuner]]nya sendiri (agar dapat langsung menerima siaran TV) dan [[timer]] yang dapat diprogram sehingga dapat merekam siaran tertentu pada suatu waktu tertentu tanpa harus ditunggui.<!--==History== |
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=== Early machines and formats === |
=== Early machines and formats === |
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The history of the videocassette recorder follows the history of videotape recording in general. [[Ampex]] introduced the first commercially successful videotape recorder in 1956. It was referred to as the [[2" Quadruplex videotape|2" Quadruplex]] format, using two-inch (5.1 cm) tape. Due to its [[US$]]50,000 price, 2" Quadruplex could be afforded only by the television networks and the largest individual stations. [[Sony]] marketed in 1963 the first [[reel-to-reel]] [[VTR]] intended for business, medical, airline, and educational use. The Sony model CV-2000 in 1964 was the world's first VTR intended for home use. Ampex and [[RCA]] followed in 1965 with their own reel-to-reel [[monochrome]] VTRs priced under US$1,000 for the home consumer market. |
The history of the videocassette recorder follows the history of videotape recording in general. [[Ampex]] introduced the first commercially successful videotape recorder in 1956. It was referred to as the [[2" Quadruplex videotape|2" Quadruplex]] format, using two-inch (5.1 cm) tape. Due to its [[US$]]50,000 price, 2" Quadruplex could be afforded only by the television networks and the largest individual stations. [[Sony]] marketed in 1963 the first [[reel-to-reel]] [[VTR]] intended for business, medical, airline, and educational use. The Sony model CV-2000 in 1964 was the world's first VTR intended for home use. Ampex and [[RCA]] followed in 1965 with their own reel-to-reel [[monochrome]] VTRs priced under US$1,000 for the home consumer market. |
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==== Philips "VCR" format ==== |
==== Philips "VCR" format ==== |
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[[ |
[[Berkas:N1500.jpg|right|thumb|An N1500 video recorder, with wooden cabinet.]] |
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In 1970 the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] electronics company [[Philips]] developed a home videocassette format. Confusingly, Philips named this format "[[Video Cassette Recording|VCR]]" (although it is also referred to as "N1500", after the first recorder's model number). The format was also supported by [[Grundig]] and [[LOEWE]]. It used square cassettes and half-inch (1.3 cm) tape, giving a recording time of one hour. The first model, available in the [[United Kingdom]] in 1972, was equipped with a crude timer that used rotary dials. At nearly £600, it was expensive and the format barely caught on for home use. However, a later (and incompatible) long-play version ("[[VCR-LP]]") or N1700, which could use the same tapes, sold quite well to schools and colleges. |
In 1970 the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] electronics company [[Philips]] developed a home videocassette format. Confusingly, Philips named this format "[[Video Cassette Recording|VCR]]" (although it is also referred to as "N1500", after the first recorder's model number). The format was also supported by [[Grundig]] and [[LOEWE]]. It used square cassettes and half-inch (1.3 cm) tape, giving a recording time of one hour. The first model, available in the [[United Kingdom]] in 1972, was equipped with a crude timer that used rotary dials. At nearly £600, it was expensive and the format barely caught on for home use. However, a later (and incompatible) long-play version ("[[VCR-LP]]") or N1700, which could use the same tapes, sold quite well to schools and colleges. |
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==== VHS vs. Betamax: The format war ==== |
==== VHS vs. Betamax: The format war ==== |
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[[Berkas:Kaseta wideo w systemie Beta ubt.jpeg|right|200px]] |
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The two major standards were [[Sony]]'s [[Betamax]] (also known as Betacord or just Beta), and [[JVC]]'s [[VHS]], which battled for sales in what has become known as the original and definitive [[Videotape format war|format war]]. |
The two major standards were [[Sony]]'s [[Betamax]] (also known as Betacord or just Beta), and [[JVC]]'s [[VHS]], which battled for sales in what has become known as the original and definitive [[Videotape format war|format war]]. |
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Betamax was first to market in November 1975, and was argued by many to be technically more sophisticated. However, the rival VHS format (introduced in September 1976) boasted longer recording times, and was easier to get hold of, particularly in the rental market. VHS began to pull ahead, and as more VHS recorders came into use, and more VHS films became available, [[network effect]]s eventually squeezed Betamax out of the consumer market. |
Betamax was first to market in November 1975, and was argued by many to be technically more sophisticated. However, the rival VHS format (introduced in September 1976) boasted longer recording times, and was easier to get hold of, particularly in the rental market. VHS began to pull ahead, and as more VHS recorders came into use, and more VHS films became available, [[network effect]]s eventually squeezed Betamax out of the consumer market. |
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(A related system called [[Betacam]] still remains in use for high quality professional recording equipment, though that itself is now being replaced by [[digital]] tape formats.) |
(A related system called [[Betacam]] still remains in use for high quality professional recording equipment, though that itself is now being replaced by [[digital]] tape formats.) |
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* Some accounts claim that VHS won because it initially allowed for twice the recording time — the original Beta format was limited to one hour, but this was soon replaced by the two-hour Beta II version. Beta I was obsolete by the time Betamax reached Europe, in [[1978]] |
* Some accounts claim that VHS won because it initially allowed for twice the recording time — the original Beta format was limited to one hour, but this was soon replaced by the two-hour Beta II version. Beta I was obsolete by the time Betamax reached Europe, in [[1978]] |
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* Others attribute the success of VHS to the greater availability of [[pornography]] on that medium, reflecting the long standing tradition of pornography being the driving force for the takeup of new media (the [[Internet]] being another obvious example). |
* Others attribute the success of VHS to the greater availability of [[pornography]] on that medium, reflecting the long standing tradition of pornography being the driving force for the takeup of new media (the [[Internet]] being another obvious example). |
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* JVC and Sony used different marketing models for their technology: JVC licensed their VHS technology to consumer electronics companies like [[Zenith Electronics Corporation|Zenith]] and [[RCA]], which then produced low-cost VCRs, enriching JVC through royalties paid under its [[license]]. Fewer companies were licensed to produce Beta machines. |
* JVC and Sony used different marketing models for their technology: JVC licensed their VHS technology to consumer electronics companies like [[Zenith Electronics Corporation|Zenith]] and [[RCA]], which then produced low-cost VCRs, enriching JVC through royalties paid under its [[license]]. Fewer companies were licensed to produce Beta machines. |
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* The VHS camp had access to [[high street|high-street]] TV rental chains (in the [[United Kingdom|UK]]) like [[DER rental|DER]] and MultiBroadcast. With a VCR costing about a month's wages, two competing standards, and a reputation for expensive repair bills, rental was considered the more attractive option at the time. |
* The VHS camp had access to [[high street|high-street]] TV rental chains (in the [[United Kingdom|UK]]) like [[DER rental|DER]] and MultiBroadcast. With a VCR costing about a month's wages, two competing standards, and a reputation for expensive repair bills, rental was considered the more attractive option at the time. |
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[[ |
[[Berkas:Vr2020.jpg|right|thumb|Philips V2000 format video cassette recorder]] |
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==== Philips Video 2000: No prize for third place ==== |
==== Philips Video 2000: No prize for third place ==== |
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A third format, [[Video 2000]], or V2000 (also marketed as "Video Compact Cassette") was introduced by [[Philips]] in 1978, and was sold only in [[Europe]]. It featured [[piezoelectricity|piezoelectric]] head positioning to dynamically adjust the tape tracking. V2000 cassettes had two sides, and like the [[Compact audio cassette|audio cassette]] had to be flipped over halfway through their recording time. The half-inch tape used contained two parallel quarter-inch tracks, one for each side. It had a recording time of 4 hours per side. V2000 hit the market after its two rivals, and its limited features and a reputation for unreliability ensured only limited sales before it was cancelled in [[1985]]. |
A third format, [[Video 2000]], or V2000 (also marketed as "Video Compact Cassette") was introduced by [[Philips]] in 1978, and was sold only in [[Europe]]. It featured [[piezoelectricity|piezoelectric]] head positioning to dynamically adjust the tape tracking. V2000 cassettes had two sides, and like the [[Compact audio cassette|audio cassette]] had to be flipped over halfway through their recording time. The half-inch tape used contained two parallel quarter-inch tracks, one for each side. It had a recording time of 4 hours per side. V2000 hit the market after its two rivals, and its limited features and a reputation for unreliability ensured only limited sales before it was cancelled in [[1985]]. |
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== Prevention of [[copyright infringement]] == |
== Prevention of [[copyright infringement]] == |
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Introduced in 1983, [[Macrovision]] is a system that reduces the quality of recordings made from commercial video tapes, [[DVD]]s and [[pay-per-view]] broadcasts by adding random peaks of luminance to the video signal during vertical [[blanking]]. These confuse the automatic level adjustment of the recording VCR which causes the brightness of the picture to constantly change, rendering the recording unwatchable. |
Introduced in 1983, [[Macrovision]] is a system that reduces the quality of recordings made from commercial video tapes, [[DVD]]s and [[pay-per-view]] broadcasts by adding random peaks of luminance to the video signal during vertical [[blanking]]. These confuse the automatic level adjustment of the recording VCR which causes the brightness of the picture to constantly change, rendering the recording unwatchable. |
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When creating a copy-protected videocassette, the Macrovision-distorted signal is stored on the tape itself by special recording equipment. By contrast, on DVDs there is just a marker asking the player to produce such a distortion during playback. All standard [[DVD]] players include this protection and obey the marker, though unofficially many models can be modified or adjusted to disable it. |
When creating a copy-protected videocassette, the Macrovision-distorted signal is stored on the tape itself by special recording equipment. By contrast, on DVDs there is just a marker asking the player to produce such a distortion during playback. All standard [[DVD]] players include this protection and obey the marker, though unofficially many models can be modified or adjusted to disable it. |
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==Variants== |
==Variants== |
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In addition to the standard home VCR, a number of variants have been produced over the years. These include combined "all-in-one" devices such as the [[TV/VCR combo|televideo]] (a TV and VCR in one unit) and [[VCR/DVD combo|DVD/VCR units]]. |
In addition to the standard home VCR, a number of variants have been produced over the years. These include combined "all-in-one" devices such as the [[TV/VCR combo|televideo]] (a TV and VCR in one unit) and [[VCR/DVD combo|DVD/VCR units]]. |
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Dual-deck VCRs (marketed as "double-decker") have also been sold, albeit with less success. |
Dual-deck VCRs (marketed as "double-decker") have also been sold, albeit with less success. |
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*[[Sony Corp. v. Universal City Studios]] |
*[[Sony Corp. v. Universal City Studios]] |
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*[[Dew warning]]--> |
*[[Dew warning]]--> |
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== Pranala luar == |
== Pranala luar == |
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*[http://www.totalrewind.org Total Rewind |
* [http://www.totalrewind.org Total Rewind – Museum maya untuk perekam video kuno] |
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*[http://fixer.com Fixer Corp.] Situs petunjuk mereparasi perekam video untuk sekitar 60 model |
* [http://fixer.com Fixer Corp.] Situs petunjuk mereparasi perekam video untuk sekitar 60 model |
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[[Kategori:Barang elektronik]] |
[[Kategori:Barang elektronik]] |
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[[Kategori: |
[[Kategori:Video]] |
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{{elektronik-stub}} |
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[[de:Videorekorder]] |
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[[en:Videocassette recorder]] |
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[[fi:Videonauhuri]] |
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[[fr:Magnétoscope]] |
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[[ja:ビデオテープレコーダ]] |
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[[nl:VCR]] |
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[[pl:Magnetowid]] |
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[[pt:Videocassete]] |
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[[ru:Видеомагнитофон]] |
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[[sv:Videobandspelare]] |
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[[zh:錄影機]] |
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Revisi terkini sejak 21 Januari 2023 08.17
Perekam kaset video adalah suatu jenis perekam pita video yang menggunakan kaset pita video yang berisikan pita magnetis untuk merekam audio dan video dari siaran televisi sehingga dapat dimainkan kembali kelak. Banyak alat perekam ini yang mempunyai tunernya sendiri (agar dapat langsung menerima siaran TV) dan timer yang dapat diprogram sehingga dapat merekam siaran tertentu pada suatu waktu tertentu tanpa harus ditunggui.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Total Rewind – Museum maya untuk perekam video kuno
- Fixer Corp. Situs petunjuk mereparasi perekam video untuk sekitar 60 model
 | Artikel bertopik elektronika ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya. |